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1.
Pietro Boscolo 《European Journal of Psychology of Education - EJPE》1991,6(2):167-174
The role of context variables is emphasized in recent research on writing, from which a great variety of meanings of the word ‘context’ emerges. The aim of this paper is to investigate some aspects of the identification of context variables in writing research by focusing on three main functions of context:
- context as a condition for communication, i.e. the ground the writer creates in order to communicate with the reader
- context as task environment, i.e. the situational variables (task objectives, motivational aspects, media, etc.) which can influence the writing process and/or product
- context as an interactive framework, i.e. context as constituted by what people are doing, as well as by when and where they are doing it.
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何希农 《佳木斯教育学院学报》2011,(4):192-192
提起写作文,一部分学生就怕写甚至个别学生拒写,即使写也东抄西凑,缺乏文采,不够深刻,主要原因是无话可说,没有写作的材料,真是"巧妇难为无米之炊"。要想让学生克服怕写作文的念头,提高写作能力,就必须调动学生写作的积极性,多积累写作素材,让其在写作实践中体会到写作的乐趣,进而提高写作能力。 相似文献
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Gary A. Troia Allen G. Harbaugh Rebecca K. Shankland Kimberly A. Wolbers Ann M. Lawrence 《Reading and writing》2013,26(1):17-44
A convenience sample of 618 children and adolescents in grades 4 through 10, excluding grade 8, were asked to complete a writing motivation and activity scale and to provide a timed narrative writing sample to permit an examination of the relationships between writing motivation, writing activity, writing performance, and the student characteristics of grade, sex, and teacher judgment of writing ability. Female students and older students wrote qualitatively better fictional stories, as did students with higher levels of writing ability based on teacher judgment. With respect to writing activity, more frequent writing in and out of school was reported by girls, better writers, and younger students. In a path analysis, grade and sex directly influenced writing activity, while sex, teacher judgment of writing ability, and writing activity directly influenced some aspects of writing motivation. Overall, teacher judgment of writing ability, grade level, and motivational beliefs each exerted a significant direct positive influence on narrative quality, whereas performance goals exerted a significant direct negative impact on quality. 相似文献
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Written and oral communications and the processes of writing and reading are highly valued within the scientific community; scientists who communicate well are successful in gaining recognition and support from members of their own communities, the research funding agencies, and the wider society. Yet how do scientists achieve this proficiency? Are expert scientists equally expert writers in and of science? Do scientists' perceptions of the nature of science influence their writing strategies and processes, and their beliefs about the role of writing in knowledge construction? This study used a questionnaire and semistructured interviews to document these perceptions, strategies, processes, and beliefs in a nonrandom sample of Canadian university scientists and engineers. The results indicate that the scientists subscribed to a contemporary evaluativist view of science, used common writing strategies, held similar beliefs about scientific writing and nonscientific writing, and agreed that writing generates insights and clarifies ambiguity in science. The engineers held a different view of technology than the common views of science or technology as simply applied science. These findings were slightly different than those found for American scientists from a large land‐grant university. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Res Sci Teach 41: 338–369, 2004 相似文献
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白银菊 《佳木斯教育学院学报》2011,(5):244-245
针对大学英语写作教学一直薄弱,且读写分离的现状,根据以读促写的可行性,笔者对兰州大学非英语专业新生的80名学生开展了为期一学期的英语写作教学实验对比研究。结果表明,以读促写能够有效提高学生的英语写作水平。 相似文献
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Linda H. Mason Megan Dunn Davison Carol Scheffner Hammer Carol A. Miller J. James Glutting 《Reading and writing》2013,26(7):1133-1158
Many students struggle with gaining knowledge and writing about content text material and therefore require effective intervention. In a randomized controlled trial study, 77 low-achieving fourth-grade students received reading comprehension instruction or reading comprehension plus writing instruction or were assigned to a no-treatment control. Knowledge outcomes were evaluated through students’ retelling and performance on a standardized reading test. Written language-based outcomes were analyzed using a computer software program for semantic and syntactic measures. Analyses indicated that students in reading comprehension instruction and reading comprehension plus writing instruction outperformed the control group on oral and written retelling, a standardized reading test, and semantic measures. Syntactic measures, however, did not show statistically significant differences by treatment or control group. Implications for including language instruction and assessments within multi-component instruction are suggested. 相似文献
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Carol Gay 《Children‘s Literature in Education》1985,16(2):110-120
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This study tested a model in which beliefs about writing, writing self-efficacy, and writing apprehension predict writing performance. The Beliefs About Writing Survey, the Writing Self-Efficacy Index, and the modified Writing Apprehension Test were administered to 738 undergraduates to predict their grade on a class paper. In a hierarchical regression, beliefs about writing predicted variance in writing scores beyond that accounted for by writing self-efficacy and apprehension. Audience Orientation, a new belief associated with expert practice, was the strongest positive predictor of the students' grade. Transmission, a belief in relying on material published by authorities, was the leading negative predictor. Writing self-efficacy predicted performance, albeit modestly. The traditional measure of writing apprehension (anxiety about being critiqued) was not significant, but Apprehension About Grammar, a new construct, significantly and negatively predicted performance. These results support the possibility that beliefs about writing could be a leverage point for teaching students to write. 相似文献
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Mary Erickson Megel 《Research in higher education》1987,27(3):226-243
The purposes of this study were to describe cognitive, affective, and behavioral dimensions associated with writing among doctorally prepared nurses, and to determine relationships between writing dimensions and journal article publication. The 343 respondents were predominantly female, and most were employed as faculty or administrators in schools of nursing. Respondents reported a mean of 2.34 research and 2.25 nonresearch articles published in the preceding three years. The mean number of hours spent writing each week was 3.2. Multiple regression analysis showed that five variables accounted for 18% of the variance in research article productivity: time spent writing, a low level of writer's block, not awaiting inspiration before writing, not using writing references, and obtaining feedback from colleagues. Four variables accounted for 12.9% of the variance in nonresearch article productivity: time, low levels of writer's block and writing apprehension, and not writing according to a schedule. 相似文献
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This article documents the authors' modification and implementation of anti-racist writing workshop (ARWW) practices in the context of an online, drop-in writing club, Pens Out. We sought to understand how teens perceive writing practices that are not white-normed — specifically, centring relationships instead of prizing individuality, embedding choice instead of replicating one authorial view and observing writerly craft instead of errors. As white-identifying educators and researchers, we engaged in practitioner inquiry to understand how programme participants who live in a predominately white region experience these practices. We asked: How do attendees understand and describe experiences with writing workshop pedagogies that seek to de-centre whiteness? This question has become increasingly important as politicians in the United States restrict anti-racist educational practices and content. We used conventional content analysis to observe themes across five participants' semi-structured interviews. Findings indicated that participants' relationships with each other produced inspiration and reciprocity, writing expectations from inside and outside the club affected choice and risk taking, and observing craft multimodally encouraged sharing and reciprocity. What we discovered can help teachers and leaders of K12 writing workshops implement ARWW practices and increase allyship while discussing and questioning hegemonic ideals in K12 schooling. 相似文献
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Severine Maggio Bernard Lété Florence Chenu Harriet Jisa Michel Fayol 《Reading and writing》2012,25(9):2131-2151
This study examines the dynamics of cognitive processes during writing. Participants were 5th, 7th and 9th graders ranging in age from 10 to 15?years. They were shown a short silent video composed of clips illustrating conflictual situations between people in school, and were invited to produce a narrative text. Three chronometric measures of word n were analyzed using a Linear Mixed-Effects Model regression procedure: pause duration before word n, pause duration within word n, and writing rate of word n. The predictors were sublexical and lexical properties of word n, i.e., immediacy effects, word n ? 1, i.e., delayed effects, and of word n?+?1, i.e., anticipatory effects. The writing-rate and the intra-word-pause measures show both immediacy and anticipatory effects. However, the between-word-pause durations show only delayed effects, which has not been reported in previous studies. As far as we know, our study is the first investigation which reveals the occurrence of parallel and serial effects in written text production: preprocessing of word n?+?1 occurs when word n is being written, and properties of word n ? 1 still exert their influences while the pen has already moved to the next word. 相似文献
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Patricia Machawira 《教育政策杂志》2013,28(6):753-767
In this paper we argue that education policy on HIV and AIDS is policy about life. As such, the contexts and the realities of teachers and learners in the classroom need to be embedded in the policy. We make a case that HIV and AIDS policy needs to extend beyond the prevention mode to one that includes care and support in the policy context. Through the stories of three HIV positive teachers in Zimbabwean primary schools, we show the real people and the real bodies that inhabit the classrooms where policy seeks to find expression. In so doing we illustrate that policy on HIV and AIDS in Zimbabwe is blind to the lives and contexts of teachers and learners. 相似文献
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Robert Boice 《Research in higher education》1995,36(4):415-456
First, a writing program helped new faculty participants (contrasted to nonparticipating controls) increase productivity to stable, acceptable levels during the first year or two on campus. Then, the same basic exercises (of economies at working) proved effective in enhancing the teaching performance of these newcomers to the professoriate. Each of the six program elements (motivation, imagination, fluency, control, audience, and resilience) functioned in general ways (e.g., by moderating pacing and broadening social supports) to help writers, then teachers, meet goals for better results (more articles accepted in refereed journals, higher teaching ratings) while spending less time working. That is, writing was practiced in ways that facilitated teaching (and vice versa). 相似文献
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Reading and Writing - Despite the early emergence of oral argumentation, written argumentation is slow to develop, insensitive to alternative perspectives, and generally of poor quality. These... 相似文献