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1.
In this study, I examine university and college participation rates, as well as graduate outcomes, following the establishment of a university in cities where there were previously none. The creation of a local university is associated with a large increase in university attendance among local youth in each affected city. However, the increase in university participation came at the expense of college participation in most cities. Furthermore, not everyone benefited equally from new universities in terms of university enrolment. In the short run, the creation of a local university is associated with a substantial increase in the probability of moving out of one city for men and women. For men, employment rates rise, while for women, there is an increase in business services and public sector employment. 相似文献
2.
Gavin Moodie 《History of education》2013,42(4):450-467
This article considers the effects on universities of Gutenberg’s invention of printing. It considers four major effects: the gradual displacement of Latin as the language of scholarship with vernacular languages, the expansion and eventual opening of libraries, major changes to curriculum, and major changes to pedagogy including lectures. The paper does not find that the ubiquity of books changed the role of university teachers as was proposed in the late fifteenth century. The paper also considers a fifth change: the eventual replacement of oral disputations with written examinations as the main form of assessment for admission to a degree. While this was radical, it owed little to the direct effects of printing. The paper concludes with brief observations on the implications of the earlier information revolution for understanding the effects on universities of the current information revolution. 相似文献
3.
Alan Tait 《Open Learning》2013,28(2):85-93
This article proposes a framework within which the question as to the purposes of open universities should be examined. It argues that the question has become submerged over time through the establishment of so many open universities that have become natural elements in a higher education landscape rather than remaining radical and innovative institutions. The article looks at a number of innovative distance teaching higher education institutions from the nineteenth century through to the contemporary period, and examines case studies in a wide international range. The outcome of the argument is that open universities should articulate their purposes within a discourse of development, and engage with the ethical and political questions as to how development is understood and advanced. 相似文献
4.
D. Benito Echeverria D. Pilar Figuera D. Sofia Gallego 《International journal for the advancement of counseling》1996,19(1):3-13
In the present period of change, the Spanish systems of secondary and higher education, too, are confronted with new challenges. People have realized that factors within and outside universities demand the development of effective helping services for students, particularly on the level of orientation. Two different models are described, one that relies on tutors, mainly; the other one employs orientation professionals. The article also describes the skills and the training experiences that are necessary for professionals in orientation services.Facultat de Psicologia i Pedagogia, Universitat Roman Llull 相似文献
5.
Abstract Universities experience increasing difficulty in staffing their academic positions. Attracting and retaining highly qualified employees is a general problem that has received much attention in recent HRM literature. But several authors have claimed that the academic career has lost much of its attractiveness. This paper presents seven levers that universities may use to enhance their recruitment and retention power on a difficult job market. Suggestions are made based on experience from innovative organisations, both universities and business organisations. Special attention is given to the creation of multiple and flexible career paths within academia. We contend that a successful application of these suggestions will require major cultural and institutional change at universities. 相似文献
6.
Stephen Marshall 《Compare》2019,49(3):471-488
International education is widely recognised as providing a range of positive outcomes for students, universities, and both the source and destination countries. New Zealand politicians, however, see international education as a means of generating significant export earnings able to subsidise the local provision of university education. New Zealand universities have been criticised as underperforming in comparison to their Australian counterparts in attracting revenue from international students. This article explores the evidence of that observation by examining the patterns of enrolment by international students in New Zealand and Australian universities. The analysis identifies significant drivers of the international student enrolments in Australia and discusses potential strategic and policy implications for international education in New Zealand that respond to these drivers. 相似文献
7.
Academic work has traditionally been seen as relatively stress free. However, a growing number of studies have reported increases in occupational stress experienced by university researchers. In order to explain stress among this group, we build on a new perspective in occupational stress research: the so-called stress-as-offence-to-self perspective. In line with this perspective, we have investigated the incongruence between the researchers’ work values and their perceptions of the working conditions provided by the organisation. The analysis is based on a sample of 2127 Danish university researchers. The results show that person-organisation incongruence with regard to freedom and independence in the job, job security, personal and professional development at work, and receiving peer recognition are associated with higher levels of stress among the researchers. Based on these results, we suggest three strategies for managers at universities to mitigate stress among academic employees: a tough recruitment process, a team-based organisation and a proactive human resource strategy. 相似文献
8.
Jeroen Huisman Jorunn D. Norgård J⊘rgen Gulddahl Rasmussen Bj⊘rn Stensaker 《Tertiary Education and Management》2013,19(4):315-332
Abstract In the late 60s and early 70s, several universities were set up in various European countries with the intention of providing an alternative to established institutions of higher education. The new universities were expected, amongst other things, to experiment with new forms of leadership and management internally, give teaching and learning higher priority, and to be regional relevant institutions for the area in which they were located. The paper analyses to what extent three such university establishments: Aalborg University in Denmark, Maastricht University in the Netherlands and Troms?University in Norway have managed to maintain and develop their alternative profile during the last thirty years. The study suggests that even though the universities in some areas have adapted to environmental pressure, they have managed to keep their profile as innovative and alternative. 相似文献
9.
Philanthropic endowment, along with government allocation, tuition fee and extra income, is one of the four major means for funding higher education in China. Research on philanthropic endowment is at its beginning stage, and so it is not yet well known. With a view to providing some useful information to our government, universities and society, this paper aims at making a brief analysis of the status quo and management of philanthropic endowment in Chinese universities. 相似文献
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11.
What constitutes graduate employability is discursively framed. In this paper we argue that whilst universities in the UK have long had an involvement in producing useful and productive citizens, the ongoing neoliberalisation of higher education has engendered a discursive shift in definitions of employability. Traditionally, universities regarded graduate employment as an aspect of institutions’ relationship with the labour market, and one where they enjoyed a significant degree of discretion. Now, employability is a performative function of universities, shaped and directed by the state, which is seeking to supplant labour markets. We argue that this has three profound implications. First, state intervention in labour markets adjusts power balances in favour of employers. Second, contrary to the legitimising rationale of enhancing social justice, pursuit of employability agendas may well be creating two tiers of universities – those that produce docile employees and those that produce employers/leaders. And third, employability discourses may be adversely affecting pedagogies and curricula, to the disbenefit of students, institutions, employers, social justice and civil society. 相似文献
12.
《Journal of Further & Higher Education》2012,36(3):343-351
Abstract This article examines the potential impact of the recent changes to the Teachers Superannuation Scheme (TSS) and the resulting wave of early retirements, on the nature of academic work and cultures in the ‘new’ universities. In doing so it considers the potential for one externally driven initiative, implemented outside of the control of organisational managers, to have a quite extraordinary effect on workers across a whole occupational sector. It assesses the force of an early retirement programme as a catalyst for increased managerialism, relative to other recent pressures, drawing upon the literatures of organisation culture, strategy and labour process; and utilising new empirical research concerning academic careers, culture, change and security. Findings indicate that academic staff in new universities may be insulated from the effects of managerialism, albeit that this may vary between and within institutions. It speculates on whether the effects of large‐scale early retirement will have an impact on academic cultures through the ‘releasing’ of staff with old values and the ‘buying’ of replacements who have new values. Further, it argues that because the TSS changes affect only the new universities, the resultant changes may differentiate them from the pre‐1992 universities, making at least some of them more similar to the managerially focused further education sector, and reinforcing the binary divide within a supposedly unified university sector. 相似文献
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14.
《Open Learning》2012,27(1):23-36
The wider context (political and economic) for developing sustainable distance learning in UK universities is encouraging and new learning technologies promise much improved products and services. But conventional campus-based universities struggle to build and/or expand sustainable distance learning provision. This article identifies the core pedagogy and underpinning support systems of distance learning (in recent years ignored by the open, flexible and distance learning literature), and suggests that the problem rests in an institutional lack of understanding about distance learning pedagogy and/or a lack of capability to make the necessary institutional changes required to ensure that distance learning works. As the demand for part-time non-residential higher education increases and new markets for education and training expand, this could mean that the opportunities for distance learning are picked up by other new and different providers. 相似文献
15.
In principle, the learning sought by universities is universal; that sought by employers of their graduates is contextual. This study illustrates this contradiction in Chile. The three participating universities differ in the socio-economic level of those admitted to teacher training. Teachers for schools in lower-income areas hired from less selective universities are seen by employers as having more skills in classroom management. Schools that enroll middle and upper-income students, on the other hand, hire teachers strong in academic knowledge from the most selective university. This reliance on employability as an indicator of quality of training sharpens social and economic inequalities. 相似文献
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《Higher Education Policy》1999,12(3):237-244
Universities have been criticised for not operating efficiently and productively enough. One suggestion has been to transfer business leadership and management models to the University administration. Today, universities need more leadership to create shared values and joint goals for the whole organization. Otherwise the increased demands cannot be met. Leadership needs, however, to be adapted to the knowledge intensive nature of these organizations, direct copying of business models does not work. In the future the solutions created in academic organizations may even show the way to the business world. 相似文献
18.
FENG Hui-min GUO Mei 《美中教育评论》2007,4(7):23-25
From 21st century, in order to pursue ＂Quality-oriented Education＂, enhance students＇ overall quality and broaden their knowledge vision, some key universities in China mainland have reformed the general education curriculums successively. This article introduces the reforming advance of general education curriculum in the universities of China mainland. 相似文献
19.
H. W. James 《Peabody Journal of Education》2013,88(6):371-373
History of Ancient and Medieval Philosophy. By Horatio W. Dresser. New York: Thomas Y. dwell Co., 1926. Pp. xii + 338. Price, $2.50. Readings in Civic Sociology. By Edward Alsworth Ross (University of Wisconson) and Mary Edna McCaull. Yonkers, N. Y.: World Book Co., 1926. Pp. xxi + 398. Price, $1.80. Better Teaching. By Frank Leslie Clapp (University of Wisconsin) and Thomas M. Risk (University of Wisconsin). Newark: Silver, Burdett &; Co., 1926. Pp. iv + 58. Paper bound. Price, 68 cents. Texas Flag Primer. By Karle Wilson Baker. Yonkers, N. Y.: World Book Co., 1926. Pp. iv + 124. Price, 72 cents. The Puppet as an Elementary Project. By Emma Pettey (Dallas City Schools). Fort Worth: Pioneer Publishing Co., 1925. Pp. 76. Better Dress Charts. By Florence Bigelow. St. Paul, Minn.: Webb Publishing Co., 1925. Seventeenth‐Century Essays (edited by Jacob Zeitlin), The Patrician (John Galsworthy), and Ethan Frome (Edith Wharton). New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1926. The Modern Student's Library. Price, $1 each. A Child's Map of the Ancient World. Originated by Alice York. Designed by Ilonka Karasz. New York: The John Day Co., 1926. Price, $1.50. Rewards of Reading. By Frank Luther Mott. New York: Henry Holt &; Co., 1926. Pp. x + 208. The Constitution of the United States. By William B. Guitteau and Hanson Hart Webster. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Co., 1926. Fundamentals of Human Physiology. By R. G. Peaece and J. J. R. Macleod (University of Toronto). St. Louis: The C. V. Mosby Co., 1924. Pp. 349. The Foundation of Health. By William Barnard Sharp (University of Texas). Philadelphia: Lea and Febiger, 1924. Pp. vi + 256. 相似文献
20.
This paper investigates the long-term impact on earnings of attending a tuition-free, top-quality university in Brazil. We identify the causal effect through a sharp discontinuity in an admission process based on test scores. If admitted, low-income students are found to increase their earnings by 26% ten years later. However, admission has a small and insignificant effect on high-income students. The difference between income groups is not explained by educational attainment, program choice, or selection into better-paying jobs. The evidence suggests that most low-income applicants, if not admitted, still graduate from college but with much lower returns to education. High-income applicants who just miss the cutoff, however, can find other opportunities such that earnings trajectories are unchanged. Our results underscore the role of affordable higher education in promoting social mobility. 相似文献