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1.
S. Earl Irving Lois R. Harris Elizabeth R. Peterson 《Asia Pacific Education Review》2011,12(3):413-426
Within the Asia-Pacific community, the New Zealand Ministry of Education has been one of few educational authorities to adopt an Assessment for Learning (AfL) framework and actively promote formative uses of assessment. This paper reports the results of a qualitative study in which eleven New Zealand secondary teachers in two focus groups discussed their conceptions of assessment and feedback. These data were examined to see how teachers defined and understood assessment and feedback processes to identify how these conceptions related to AfL perspectives on assessment. Categorical analysis of these data found teachers identified three types of assessment (formative, classroom teacher–controlled summative and external summative) with three distinct purposes (improvement, reporting and compliance, irrelevance). Feedback was seen as being about learning, grades and marks, or behaviour and effort; these types served the same purposes as assessment with the addition of an encouragement purpose. This study showed that although these New Zealand teachers appeared committed to AfL, there was still disagreement amongst teachers as to what practices could be deemed formative and how to best implement these types of assessment. Additionally, even in this relatively low-stakes environment, they noted tension between improvement and accountability purposes for assessment. 相似文献
2.
居慧 《连云港师范高等专科学校学报》2003,(4):70-73
在目前的精读教学中应进一步加强翻译教学，并将二者有机地结合起来。翻译教学中应坚持以学生为中心的原则、比较与批评的原则，并充分利用翻译测试对翻译教学的积极的反拔作用。附录从五个方面对《大学英语》的教参译文作了批评，以此示范如何实行比较与批评的原则。 相似文献
3.
创造性思维是一种复杂的高阶能力,如何测评一直是教育测量的热点和难点之一。PISA2021创造性思维测评基于证据中心设计(ECD)理论设计和研制创造性思维测评工具。介绍ECD理论如何运用于PISA2021创造性思维这一高阶能力的测评,并从证据驱动实现测评标准实证化、信息技术增强促进测评问题情境化、多模态数据收集与证据多元化3个方面为我国基础教育素养测评提供参考建议。 相似文献
4.
Melanie Walker 《European Journal of Education》2012,47(3):448-461
This article takes up the challenge of curriculum change in relation to the contested purposes of universities. It argues for an expansive, public good understanding, rather than the thin market exchange norms which currently drive higher education policies. The paper suggests that a human capital approach to curriculum is then insufficient to capture the full range and potential of a university curriculum. Instead, an approach to curriculum based on human development and capabilities formation is advanced as offering a richer perspective on what it means to be human and hence on the kinds of graduates universities should educate. Some implications for teaching, learning and assessment are outlined and a framework to design and operationalise a human development approach to curriculum is proposed. 相似文献
5.
Haim Eshach Hsin-Kai Wu Fu-Kwun Hwang Ying-Shao Hsu 《Journal of Science Education and Technology》2014,23(1):183-197
There is a distance between the power that whole class dialogic discussions (WCDD) may offer to the science class and their use in practice. Teachers’ attitudes toward WCDD are part of the problem. The aims of this study were twofold: (a) to examine Taiwanese physics teachers’ attitudes toward WCDD by considering cultural perspectives and describe how these attitudes changed as a result of a special workshop designed for this purpose, and (b) to report on how these attitudes should be taken into account in designing such workshops in the future. Nine experienced physics teachers participated in the WCDD workshop. The workshop was based on the WCDD model developed by Eshach (2010). Inductive analyses were performed on interviews with the teachers and their students, which were composed of 36 questions and developed specially for the purpose of this study, yielded the following categories: (1) In-school reasons for opposing WCDD—reasons belonging to school ways/tradition of teaching that may cause barriers to WCDD implementation; (2) External Factors—cultural reasons relating to Taiwanese views concerning education in general, which cause barriers to WCDD implementation; and (3) Cognitive aspect—refers to what teachers know about WCDD. The paper concludes with a discussion on what should be done in order to successfully bring WCDD to the Taiwanese physics class. 相似文献
6.
Peppler Kylie Thompson Naomi Danish Joshua Moczek Armin Corrigan Seth 《Instructional Science》2020,48(3):291-312
Prior literature has begun to demonstrate that even young children can learn about complex systems using participatory simulations. This study disentangles the impacts of third-person perspectives (offered by traditional simulations) and first-person perspectives (offered by participatory simulations) on children’s development of such systems thinking in the context of the emergent complexity of honeybee nectar foraging. Specifically, we worked with three first-grade classrooms assigned to one of three conditions—instruction through use of a first-person perspective only, third-person perspective only, and integrated instruction—to engage ideas of complex systems thinking. In each condition, systems concepts were targeted through instruction and assessment. The integrated and third-person classrooms demonstrated significant gains while the first-person classroom showed gains that were not statistically significant, suggesting that third-person perspectives play a critical role in how children learn systems thinking. This work also puts forth a novel assessment design for young children using multiple-choice questions.
相似文献7.
This paper presents a novel explanation for the continued absence of a children’s rights strategy within high-stakes educational assessment with reference to the competing purposes of high-stakes assessments and group-based constructions of fairness in assessment. We provide an original critique of group-based perspectives on the validity of assessment accommodations which supports an individual perspective on fair educational assessment. From this, the (almost forgotten) concept of ‘student assessment needs’ is (re-)introduced as a central axiom, to be constructed through feedback from, and dialogue with, students about their experience of high-stakes assessments, giving primacy to their purpose as an attainment demonstration opportunity for the student. To promote a new movement towards student participation in educational assessment processes and reforms, we propose ‘rights respecting assessment’, complementary to UNICEF’s ‘Rights Respecting Schools’ initiative, in which regular system-wide student representation would contribute to the development of high-stakes examination systems. In recognition of this aspiration, this paper is co-authored with a recent school-leaving age examination candidate. 相似文献
8.
《Journal of Education & Work》2012,25(2):60-77
Abstract This paper outlines some of the issues emerging from research in to competence based training and assessment, and National Vocational Qualifications. A model for analysing the key purposes of formal assessment systems is suggested and a conceptual framework is presented which uses the notions of use and exchange value for gauging the worth of qualifications. The author presents material collected during a study of the training and assessment of student air traffic controllers to illustrate how contextual features, particularly at the occupational level, can affect the purpose and design of a qualification as well as the value attached to it by recipients and employers. It is suggested that elements such as: ‘purpose’, ‘perceived value’ ‘qualification design’ and ‘context’ provide a conceptual framework within which further understanding of the role of qualifications can be achieved. The longer term aspiration of the analysis begun in this paper is the development of a context‐sensitive theory of occupational qualifications. 相似文献
9.
This article exemplifies how assessment design might be grounded in theory, thereby helping to strengthen validity claims. Spanning work across multiple related projects, the article first briefly summarizes an assessment system model for the elementary and secondary levels. Next the article describes how cognitive-domain theory and principles are used in the design of a scenario-based summative assessment for argumentation in the English language arts. Finally, results from several psychometric approaches are used to evaluate propositions suggested by the domain theory, including ones related to the use of topical scenarios and learning progressions in assessment design. Although results generally supported these propositions, the work described represents only a small step in a long-term, iterative process of theory development, assessment design, and empirical tryout, which should, in principle, lead to more valid assessments that better inform teaching and learning. 相似文献
10.
民间故事,是“非物质文化遗产”的一个值得特别重视的部分。对于民间故事的研究,一方面是在于通过搜集、整理,以达到“保护”的目的;一方面也是要通过对探源、发微的研究,以进一步深入认识它的意义与价值,并尽力使之能够继续“传承发展”,以达到“古为今用”的目的。因此,这“保护”与“传承发展”的双重目的性,就包涵着“历史视角”与“现代视角”的矛盾。文章所探讨的是对这种矛盾的处理,应该严格遵守的保护原则与在传承发展工作中必要的审慎态度。 相似文献
11.
Cathy Nutbrown 《Literacy》1999,33(1):33-40
Literacy and the assessment of literacy dominate current educational and political discussion with claims about falling standards (Gorman and Fernandes 1992), and effective remedies (Brookes et al 1996, Sylva and Hurry 1995). But answers to the question of how best to assess early literacy will depend on the purpose for which assessments are carried out. This paper is particularly concerned with assessment of literacy of children aged 3–5 years. There seems to be a growing acceptance that tests provide an answer to the problem of assessment but many tests are flawed due to a lack of authenticity in the tasks they ask children to respond to. This paper discusses the characteristics of three main purposes in early literacy assessment: teaching, management and research, and concludes that clarity of purpose is crucial if assessment of early literacy is to be properly understood, and if future assessment instruments are to be authentic. 相似文献
12.
The purpose of this paper is to analyse the basis of evaluative judgments in educational assessment and question some of the tacit assumptions and ideas that seem to underlie them. I begin by considering current purposes and procedures of educational assessment, which suggest that assessment is primarily understood as a technology. In a broader historical perspective, however, assessment should be more appropriately viewed as a practice whose function and purpose are defined within the particular socio-political structure. Consistent with this view, I then propose a conceptual framework that takes into account sociological, philosophical and ethical-political questions that must be considered in defining the purpose, use, means and interpretation of assessment. A case of assessment is analysed to illustrate its implicit assumptions and theories, and the absence of important considerations necessary to the understanding of our practice. 相似文献
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Student interaction in school contexts is a topic that has been researched from many different perspectives. However, the role of students as tutors scaffolding other peers is not normally addressed, since studies are usually focused on the teacher. Moreover, considering the many technologies that can support students’ work nowadays, studies describing specific practices are still needed in order to understand the many possibilities and constraints that can emerge from the use of these tools in the field of education. This exploratory case study aims to extend research on scaffolding between students, presenting data from an ethnographic study where a commercial video game was introduced as part of the curricular activities. Analytically, the scaffolding metaphor is the departing point to describe in detail how the scaffolding process took place, focusing on its purposes and on the role of students as tutors. Our findings reveal how students offered mostly procedural scaffoldings, performing tutor functions such as highlighting relevant features, reducing levels of freedom or controlling the frustration. Results highlight that students can perform scaffolds, and this should be considered as part of the classroom design, making this process visible. Moreover, specific features of the video game enhanced these interactions, which should also be considered when designing game learning environments in the future. 相似文献
16.
Patrik Johansson 《Educational Action Research》2017,25(1):167-181
There is a demand for educational research that addresses questions found in teachers’ practice. This line of research can be referred to as practitioner research, and it is motivated by the realisation that teacher professionalism is one of the most influential factors in determining student achievement. One question is whether the primary purpose of practitioner research should be to improve teaching practices, or to contribute to theoretical knowledge. Some argue that the primary concern should be contributions to changing practices, whereas others suggest that contributions to theory are equally important. The purpose of the article is to discuss how Learning study, regarded as a clinical research practice, can contribute to developing teaching practices and theory of history didactics in conjunction. Learning study is commonly described as an interventionist, iterative and collaborative research approach, focusing on the teaching of an object of learning, which in this case was the learning of primary source analysis in history. Examples of how the Learning study contributed to practice and theory are presented. Contributions include the suggestion that knowing primary source analysis involves the ability to distinguish and separate three critical aspects in a temporal, human and contextual dimension, and that the students’ personal perspectives are vital and should be regarded in the design of tasks and teaching. Based on the findings it is argued that practitioner research could aim at developing educational practices in conjunction with contributions to theory, and that practice and theory are necessarily entwined in the research process. 相似文献
17.
孟喆 《南阳师范学院学报》2012,11(4):32-35
由于醉酒驾驶行为犯罪化是典型的预防性立法模式,其目的在于防患于未然,所以,对所有酒驾犯罪分子一律适用刑罚是不必要的,而应该坚持＂该严则严,当缓则缓＂的原则,区别对待;同时,由于司法工作的繁重,监禁场所的不足,对酒驾犯罪分子一律适用刑罚也是不实际的。反之,对符合缓刑适用条件的酒驾犯罪分子适用缓刑,并充分利用行政处罚的遏制手段,既能达到预期的效果,也能够更好地体现罪刑相适应原则。 相似文献
18.
Using Educative Assessments to Support Science Teaching for Middle School English-language Learners 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Cory A. Buxton Martha Allexsaht-Snider Regina Suriel Shakhnoza Kayumova Youn-jeng Choi Bobette Bouton Melissa Baker 《Journal of Science Teacher Education》2013,24(2):347-366
Grounded in Hallidayan perspectives on academic language, we report on our development of an educative science assessment as one component of the language-rich inquiry science for English-language learners teacher professional learning project for middle school science teachers. The project emphasizes the role of content-area writing to support teachers in diagnosing their students’ emergent understandings of science inquiry practices, science content knowledge, and the academic language of science, with a particular focus on the needs of English-language learners. In our current school policy context, writing for meaningful purposes has received decreased attention as teachers struggle to cover large numbers of discrete content standards. Additionally, high-stakes assessments presented in multiple-choice format have become the definitive measure of student science learning, further de-emphasizing the value of academic writing for developing and expressing understanding. To counter these trends, we examine the implementation of educative assessment materials—writing-rich assessments designed to support teachers’ instructional decision making. We report on the qualities of our educative assessment that supported teachers in diagnosing their students’ emergent understandings, and how teacher–researcher collaborative scoring sessions and interpretation of assessment results led to changes in teachers’ instructional decision making to better support students in expressing their scientific understandings. We conclude with implications of this work for theory, research, and practice. 相似文献
19.
AbstractThe comprehensive examination is a customary, yet relatively unexamined, requirement in North American doctoral education. This case study explored the purpose of a comprehensive examination as perceived by faculty members and students in a Faculty of Education program, at a Western Canadian University. We found that, in addition to the traditional gatekeeping function of the examination, other purposes emerged. Contrasting views about whether the examination was designed to assess content mastery necessary for teaching or designed to assess readiness for doctoral research were found. The use of the comprehensive examination as an opportunity to learn and as a means for identity formation, including introducing students to the pressures of academic life, also contrasted with its traditional assessment function. The purposes of the comprehensive examination remained ambiguous to students, even though they had been privy to discussions concerning the design and development of the examination. Moreover, faculty members did not always agree on the purposes of the comprehensive examination. The differences in perspective and how these affect the administration of the comprehensive examination have an impact on students’ experience, including examination preparation. Implications for the implementation, preparation, and assessment of the examination are discussed. 相似文献
20.
The learning society as itself: lifelong learning,individualization of learning,and beyond education
Ya-Hui Su 《Studies in Continuing Education》2013,35(2):195-206
This paper considers the bottom-up vision of the learning society. Unlike the top-down approach, the bottom-up approach does not start by specifying the purposes of learning which should direct the development of the learning society, but from observing interactions among learning individuals as agents. While in the relevant literature and policies much attention has been devoted to certain positions on how one's learning should respond to current change, this paper proposes that when considering the establishment and development of the learning society we should not dismiss the understanding of how individuals, concrete beings, act as they learn, since how they do so has an impact on the way in which learning is structured. This bottom-up approach has to be taken into account, for it helps us to come near to what is embedded in learning practices, and to react pertinently when we need to come to terms with substantive issues for the development of the learning society. Three aspects—lifelong learning, the individualization of learning, and learning beyond education—serve as the context for understanding what characterize the practices of the learning society. 相似文献