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1.
数字鸿沟最初是描述不同社会经济背景群体信息技术渗透率的差异,近年来其判定标准逐渐从外部的网络接入演变为内在的心智投入。基于上海39所高校64949名本科生样本的研究发现,"旧数字鸿沟"接近弥合,仅户籍在农村或乡镇的学生新买电脑或开通宽带的行为显著高于城市生源。"新数字鸿沟"更为突出:女生在线上学习时看小说或玩游戏等娱乐行为显著高于男生;家庭第一代大学生线上学习的专注力与持久度均显著低于非第一代大学生;农村生源在全部6项指标上都面临比城市生源更严峻的挑战。通过回归模型控制其他变量之后,网络接入对本科生在线学习效果的自我评价影响甚微;但"新数字鸿沟"使用偏好与投入程度各项指标对在线学习效果的影响都显著,效应值也相对较大。  相似文献   

2.
性别是影响语言学习的一个重要因素。本文运用定量研究方法,调查了男、女大学生英语学习动机、学习焦虑以及学习策略使用情况。调查结果表明,男、女大学生在英语学习动机、学习焦虑以及学习策略使用等方面都存在显著差异,与男生相比,女生学习英语的内在动机强、学习焦虑小,而且更善于使用有效的英语学习策略。  相似文献   

3.
在线教学中学生要具备一定的在线自我调节学习能力才能取得好的学习成效,而学生的在线自我调节学习受诸多因素的影响。本研究从先赋性背景和后致性学校过程性因素的视角,基于“新冠疫情期间研究型大学本科生学习体验调查”项目中某大学的数据,考查学生家庭背景和先前在校在线学习经历与在线自我调节学习的关系。研究发现:家庭背景和先前在校的在线学习经历都显著影响学生在线自我调节学习,且先前在线学习经历的影响独立于家庭背景。超过七成的学生在新冠肺炎疫情前有过在线学习经历,且主要是来源于本校的正式在线学分课。这一研究结果的实践启示是:高校可以通过提供正式在线学习的机会抵消学生家庭背景的负面作用来培养学生的在线自我调节学习,这将有助于他们应对紧急情况下大规模在线教学时可能面临的挑战。  相似文献   

4.
以海口市在校大学生为研究对象,采用结构方程模型分析大学生自我效能感、学习动机和学习投入三者之间的关系。结果表明:学习动机是学习投入的正向预测因子;内在动机是产生学习投入的主导因子,外在动机是辅助因子;自我效能感对学习投入既产生直接预测作用,也经由学习动机对学习投入产生间接预测作用,且间接效应大于直接效应;大学生自我效能感、学习动机与学习投入处于中等水平。  相似文献   

5.
大学生学习观及其与学习动机、自我效能感的关系   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
文章采用大学生学习观问卷、大学生学习动机量表(WMI)、一般自我效能感量表(GSES)及学习效能感量表,对254名被试大学生进行问卷调查,并对部分学生进行访谈。结果表明:大学生的学习观总体上是倾向于建构性的;文理科学生、本专科学生在学习观的各维度得分上不存在显著差异;大学生的学习观与其内生动机、一般自我效能感、学习效能感存在显著正相关,但与外生动机多为显著负相关;学业自我体验与学习过程观是大学生内生动机的有效预测变量,学业自我体验也是大学生一般自我效能感和学习效能感的有效预测变量。  相似文献   

6.
文章采用大学生学习观问卷、大学生学习动机量表(WMI)、一般自我效能感量表(GSES)及学习效能感量表,对254名被试大学生进行问卷调查,并对部分学生进行访谈。结果表明:大学生的学习观总体上是倾向于建构性的;文理科学生、本专科学生在学习观的各维度得分上不存在显著差异;大学生的学习观与其内生动机、一般自我效能感、学习效能感存在显著正相关,但与外生动机多为显著负相关;学业自我体验与学习过程观是大学生内生动机的有效预测变量.学业自我体验也是大学生一般自我效能感和学习效能崴的有效预测变号。  相似文献   

7.
周丽 《西藏教育》2013,(6):50-53
自我效能感和学习动机是影响学生英语学习的重要因素。本文通过问卷调查法和访谈法对藏族大学生英语自我效能感与学习动机进行了研究,结果表明藏族大学生英语自我效能感偏低,学习动机不强,内在动机与效能感的多个维度显著相关。  相似文献   

8.
基于探究社区理论,探讨影响在线学习认知形成的各种临场感因素,构建结构关系模型,并对各临场感的结构关系进行相关、多重中介、调节分析。采用调查问卷的方式,对利用Sakai网络虚拟教学平台进行在线学习的614名大二本科生进行调查。分析结果表明:在线学习中教学行为与学习认知具有间接显著正相关,教学通过社交临场和学习者临场间接影响学习认知,自我调节学习对学习认知具有调节作用。研究揭示了在线学习中教学活动通过学习交互和自我效能对学习认知产生影响的内在机制以及自我调节学习的调节作用对学习认知形成带来的个体差异。  相似文献   

9.
元认知和学习动机   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
元认知是近十几年来才出现的新概念,由Flavell最先提出,其实质是对认知的认知,即人对认知活动的自我意识与自我调节;学习活动实质上也是一种认知活动,而学习活动与学习动机息息相关,以往的有关学习动机的论述往往从内、外部两个方面简单地论述,而没有把二者动机有机地结合起来,而从元认知的角度动态来看学习动机中的内在因素与外在诱因及其在整个动机行为中的作用,会对我们有所启发。  相似文献   

10.
采用自编问卷对845名中学生进行调查研究。结果表明:不同类别和不同性别的中学生在学习动机和学习自我管理策略的各个维度上,呈现出不同的差异;中学生学习动机7个维度与中学生自我管理策略的五个维度之间有显著的相关。多元回归分析后发现:中学生学习动机与中学生学习自我管理策略关系密切且呈较强的相关,成就动机、任务动机、期望动机与学习自我管理策略的回归效应尤为明显。并针对发现的问题提出了教育建议。  相似文献   

11.
林岚 《南平师专学报》2006,25(1):109-111
学习感知倾向是学习者个体差异因素之一,而学习的感知模式是学习风格的分类之一。由于个体通过不同的方式对信息进行感知和处理,所以,在安排教学方法时,学习风格是需要考虑的一个重要因素。而学生对自己在什么情况下能达到最好学习效果的分析不准确也可能导致事倍功半。因此,本文中作者主要对大学生在英语学习过程中所表现出来的感知倾向结果进行讨论,分析其特点,同时提出促进英语学习的建议。  相似文献   

12.
This article is an account of how the author developed a comprehensive understanding of human learning over a period of almost 50 years. The learning theory includes the structure of learning, different types of learning, barriers of learning as well as how individual dispositions, age, the learning environment and general social and societal conditions influence learning possibilities. All this started when the author, aged 27, broke off his career as a travel agent and joined a course for matriculation at the university. He found this course extremely ineffective and got the idea that a firm knowledge about how human learning takes place might be a starting point for the development of more engaging and effective learning, teaching, schooling and education. Over the years, he gathered inspiration from a broad range of learning theorists such as Piaget, Rogers, Ausuble, Leithäuser, Schön, Kolb, Furth, Mezirow, Kegan and his own Danish instructor, Thomas Nissen. But the theory was built up as his own structure by critically adding new elements from the examination of other theories and carefully analysing experience from teaching, supervising and observing learning courses at all levels from primary school to adult education and university studies.  相似文献   

13.
适应新的发展取向的学习类型多样化探讨   总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8  
我国现行的学习概念主要是指“书本知识学习”,这种单一的学习类型观造成学生身心发展极端片面。为适应新课程改革倡导的新的发展取向的要求,我们应建立学习类型多样化的观念。区别于心理学主要从学习的结果和机制划分学习的类型,我们可以根据人的生活所面对的活动对象或领域的不同,将学习划分为符号学习、交往学习、操作学习、观察学习、反思学习等类型。不同类型的学习对于学生身心发展具有不同的价值,同时也存在各自的局限性。为了促进学生身心素质的全面发展,应该实现学习类型的多样化,以达到不同类型学习发展功能的互补和配合。  相似文献   

14.
This study examined teachers’ learning situated in a school to reveal factors that support and hinder learning in the workplace. The investigation analyzed teachers’ orientation to learning, examining beliefs, practices, and experiences about teachers’ learning in relation to change in the workplace. A hypothesis is that teacher learning and change is complex and unable to be fully understood outside of practice. Evidence is provided on the factors and forms of learning activities that appear to strengthen an expansive learning environment and those which contribute to a more restrictive learning environment. A distinctive finding was that teachers’ orientation to learning is related to self-reported change. Another promising finding with the potential of better understanding the interrelated combination of how teachers’ beliefs, practices, and workplace factors influence change was related to dissonance for learning. The implications for practice involved determining how to continue to support and strengthen an expansive workplace learning environment.  相似文献   

15.
The purpose of this experiment was to determine the differential emotional reactions of students to positive, neutral, and negative affect in nonverbal teacher behavior. Responses were studied across two grade levels and across race. A stratified random sample of 120 students was selected and randomly assigned to experimental conditions. Emotional reactions were measured by a semantic differential. Analysis of variance and Tukey post hoc tests showed that black second graders evaluated the neutral teacher most positively, while white second graders and sixth graders of both races tended to evaluate the positive teacher most positively.  相似文献   

16.
本研究从"行为-效果"两个维度设计了调查问卷,并从清华大学2020年春季学期参加在线学习的本科生和研究生中随机抽样,调查学生在线学习的行为特征、学习效果和主要挑战。研究发现,疫情期间的在线教学总体上取得预期成效,学生的学习行为表现出较强的适应性和可控性,但不同群体的学生存在差异。在线学习也面临一些挑战:生生互动减少、居家学习效率低、学习专注力不够、动作技能训练欠缺等问题需要引起关注。建议未来的在线教学,在外部条件保障不减的前提下,注重激发学生学习的内在动力、提升学生的自主学习能力,并通过完善支架教学、鼓励朋辈学习等方式促进学生学习参与。  相似文献   

17.
Extrapolating from current developments in the study of learning and imagining how learning might be shaped moving forward, this article considers 12 trends concerning the future of learning. Learning will become more diverse, more contextual, less discipline-bound, and less institutionally-bound. It will span professional and institutional sectors, and move beyond national borders. It will move increasingly online and extend beyond humans to encompass machines and machine/human blends. It will become more interactive, more distributed, and more biologically connected. Drawing on an understanding of these trends, new roles for teachers and for educational institutions are developed. The result is that learning is likely to occur through multiple discovery networks that blend research and teaching to address real world problems in environments supported by robust software infrastructures. Multiple nested discovery networks will operate on a global scale and be negotiated by individual learners sometimes guided by teachers. Prediction is very difficult, especially about the future—Niels Bohr The future is already here - it’s just unevenly distributed—William Gibson The best way to predict the future is to invent it—Alan Kay  相似文献   

18.
学习究竟是什么?——多学科视野中的学习研究论纲   总被引:17,自引:2,他引:15  
学习是当代多学科共同探索的前沿和热门话题,而且成为关心人类命运的企业家和政治家们所必须面对的重大课题,由此推动着全球范围内创建学习型组织和学习化社会的时代潮流一本文从中国文化传统和西方心理学对学习概念的两种解读入手,剖析了目前学习理论的成就与局限性,然后将学习研究的视野从微观扩展到宏观,从个体扩展到团队与社会,分别从教育哲学、管理科学、教育技术学、历史哲学和哲学人类学的广阔视野,对人类学习活动进行了理论探索,提出并论证了与生产方式同一层次的“学习方式”范畴,提出“学习是人类自身再生产的社会实践活动”,“学习的本质是人类个体和人类整体的自我意识与自我超越”,认为“发展自身的人类学习能力同改造外部世界的人类生产能力(生产力)共同构成人类生存发展的基础、动力和源泉”,并倡导创建一套能够从历史哲学的广阔视野来透视、解读和预测人类复杂学习活动及其矛盾运动的理论,从总体上认识和把握人类学习活动的特点和发展规律,使我国当前所倡导的“科学发展观”具有更坚实的理论基础。  相似文献   

19.
Abstract

This paper considers the nature of learning and the role of institutions in general and schools in particular in structuring learning. It outlines and commends a view of learning as a process whereby we discover ourselves as persons and thereby act to create the contexts in which we live and work. Central to this view is the idea of the ‘learning school’.  相似文献   

20.
ABSTRACT

Context-based learning (CBL) has influenced teaching and learning science in many countries over the past decades. Twelve years ago, a special issue on CBL was published in this Journal, focusing on CBL curriculum development. Seven papers in this current special issue on CBL now address the question of how a context influences the learning process. The papers focus on the stimulation of learning STEM subjects within contexts, how the learning process occurs and is enhanced, and the application of contexts in different settings. The approaches, results, and implications of the papers are located in a larger view that considers the question of what must be the case if a student not only engages in the tasks of learning but also succeeds at them. Concerning willingness and effort by learners, the papers draw conclusions about which STEM-related interests of students endure and are ephemeral across a decade, design criteria for maximising students’ situational interest, and students’ engagement with content and context simultaneously. Focusing on the opportunity to teach and learn, the papers reveal how a professional development approach functions to support STEM teachers to develop CBL materials, and how specific scaffolding acts in teaching bring students to more complex reasoning. Regarding good teaching, insights are offered on how metacognitive prompts improve teaching. Centring on the social surround that supports teaching and learning, a comparison of two contexts for teaching the same content reveals which aspects of the contexts move student learning forward. From this mapping, paths toward future research are projected.  相似文献   

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