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1.
Jan-Willem Strijbos Astrid Wichmann 《European Journal of Psychology of Education - EJPE》2018,33(1):1-9
Over the past two decades, formative peer assessment has become a popular instructional approach. Initially, it was more readily applied in higher education but has since expanded to other educational levels, including primary and secondary education. The popularity is understandable given the increased amount of feedback by multiple peers and enhanced awareness of performance criteria. Although it is increasingly acknowledged by the research community that formative peer assessment is inherently a social endeavour, the collaborative nature is simultaneously the least-explored mechanism. The contributions in this special issue address this gap conceptualising peer assessment and peer feedback as both an individual and a collaborative learning practice. Furthermore, we highlight core learning conditions: learner characteristics, domain and task characteristics, and, finally, instructional scaffolds. 相似文献
2.
Mike U. Smith 《Science & Education》2010,19(6-8):539-571
This is the second of two articles that address recent scholarship about teaching and learning about evolution. This second review seeks to summarize this state of affairs and address the implications of this work for the classroom by addressing four basic questions: (1) What is evolution?/What components of the theory are important at the introductory level? (2) Why do students and members of the public at large need to understand evolution? (3) What makes evolution difficult to teach and learn? and (4) What promising instructional approaches have been developed and tested? The paper will also focus on concerns about both the research designs and the measures used in this work. Based on this review, I will then propose a set of pedagogical implications and recommendations for the classroom instructor and call for studies to address specific gaps identified. 相似文献
3.
Using detailed individual-level data from public universities in the state of Ohio, I estimate the effect of various institutional expenditures on the probability of graduating from college. Using a competing risks regression framework, I find differential impacts of expenditure categories across student characteristics. I estimate that student service expenditures have a larger impact on students with low SAT/ACT scores, while instructional expenditures are more important for high test score students and those majoring in scientific/quantitative fields. The individual-level nature of these data allows me to address measurement error and endogeneity concerns the previous literature has been unable to deal with. 相似文献
4.
Roger Azevedo 《教育心理学家》2015,50(1):84-94
Engagement is one of the most widely misused and overgeneralized constructs found in the educational, learning, instructional, and psychological sciences. The articles in this special issue represent a wide range of traditions and highlight several key conceptual, theoretical, methodological, and analytical issues related to defining and measuring engagement. All the approaches exemplified by the contributors show different ways of conceptualizing and measuring engagement and demonstrate the strengths and weaknesses of each method to significantly augment our current understanding of engagement. Despite the numerous issues raised by the authors of this special issue and in my commentary, I argue that focusing on process data will lead to advances in models, theory, methods, analytical techniques, and ultimately instructional recommendations for learning contexts that effectively engage students. 相似文献
5.
Jan Herrington Ron Oliver 《Educational technology research and development : ETR & D》2000,48(3):23-48
The instructional technology community is in the midst of a philosophical shift from a behaviorist to a constructivist framework,
a move that may begin to address the growing rift between formal school learning and real-life learning. One theory of learning
that has the capacity to promote authentic learning is that of situated learning.
The purpose of this three-part study was first, to identify critical characteristics of a situated learning environment from
the extensive literature base on the subject; second, to operationalize the critical characteristics of a situated learning
environment by designing a multimedia program that incorporated the identified characteristics; and third, to investigate
students' perceptions of their experiences using a multimedia package based on a situated learning framework.
The learning environment, for preservice teachers, comprised a multimedia program on assessment in mathematics together with
recommended implementation conditions for the classroom. Eight students were observed and interviewed to explore their perceptions
of the situated learning environment. Findings suggest that the use of the situated learning framework provided effective
instructional design guidelines for the design of an environment for the acquisition of advanced knowledge.
Since 1992, as a Senior Instructional Designer, she has worked principally in multimedia and Web-based projects.
He has been teaching with, and researching innovative uses of, instructional technologies in secondary schools and universities
for the past 20 years.
The authors would like to thank Professor Tom Reeves for his encouragement and support, and to acknowledge the significant
role he has played in the development of our ideas and research direction. 相似文献
6.
Although there is a common understanding of instructional sensitivity, it lacks a common operationalization. Various approaches have been proposed, some focusing on item responses, others on test scores. As approaches often do not produce consistent results, previous research has created the impression that approaches to instructional sensitivity are noticeably fragmented. To counter this impression, we present an item response theory–based framework that can help us to understand similarities and differences between existing approaches. Using empirical data for illustration, this article identifies three perspectives on instructional sensitivity: One perspective views instructional sensitivity as the capacity to detect differences in students' stages of learning across points of time. A second perspective treats instructional sensitivity as the capacity to detect differences between groups that have received different instruction. For a third perspective, the previous two are combined to consider differences between both time points and groups. We discuss linking sensitivity indices to measures of instruction. 相似文献
7.
Kyriacos Athanasiou Penelope Papadopoulou 《International Journal of Science Education》2013,35(6):903-924
In this study, we explored some of the factors related to the acceptance of evolution theory among Greek university students training to be teachers in early childhood education, using conceptual ecology for biological evolution as a theoretical framework. We examined the acceptance of evolution theory and we also looked into the relationship between the acceptance and parents' education level, thinking dispositions and frequency of religious practice as independent variables. Students' moderate acceptance of evolution theory is positively correlated with the frequency of religious practices and thinking dispositions. Our findings indicate that studying a controversial issue such as the acceptance of evolution theory in a multivariate fashion, using conceptual ecology as a theoretical lens to interpret the findings, is informative. They also indicate the differences that exist between societies and how socio-cultural factors such as the nature of religion, as part of the conceptual ecology, influence acceptance of evolution and have an influence on evolution education. 相似文献
8.
Brenda Bannan‐Ritland 《Performance Improvement Quarterly》2001,14(2):37-52
Many theorists and practitioners are calling for more authentically based teaching approaches in the preparation of instructional designers and performance technologists to address the complexity of the field's practice. Although many innovative methods have been incorporated into the study of instructional design and development and human performance technology, including case studies and applied experiences with collaborative groups, among others, the majority of teaching approaches are limited to the time constraints and format of the traditional university classroom setting. This paper discusses an alternative teaching approach that incorporates action learning principles along with authentic project‐based methods into the full‐time study of instructional design. The paper reviews action learning principles and highlights the commonalties between these principles and the application of the practice and teaching of the instructional design process in an authentic manner. Finally, the implementation of action learning principles within a graduate program in instructional technology is described. Action learning principles may be applied to many content areas; however, the highly complementary nature of this specific methodology to the teaching and practice of instructional design may have the potential to improve greatly our preparation of professionals in the complex work environments characteristic of this and related disciplines. As a valuable component of performance technology skills, training in instructional design methods based on an action learning approach may have broad implications for both the preparation of instructional designers and performance technologists. 相似文献
9.
10.
Carol K. K. Chan 《Metacognition and Learning》2012,7(1):63-73
This discussion paper for this special issue examines co-regulation of learning in computer-supported collaborative learning
(CSCL) environments extending research on self-regulated learning in computerbased environments. The discussion employs a
socio-cognitive perspective focusing on social and collective views of learning to examine how students co-regulate and collaborate
in computer-supported inquiry. Following the review of the articles, theoretical, methodological and instructional implications
are discussed: Future research directions include examining the theoretical nature of collective regulation and social metacognition
in building models of co-regulated learning; expanding methodological approaches using trace data and multiple measures for
convergence and construct validity; and conducting instructional experiments to test and to foster the development of co-regulated
learning in computer-supported collaborative inquiry. 相似文献
11.
Educators are seeking to meet student needs in increasingly diverse university classrooms. Two contrasting ways of responding
to cultural difference are planning instruction on the basis of cultural styles or repertoires of culturally-based experiences
(Gutiérrez & Rogoff, 2003). Use of learning styles to address individual differences in learning is relatively commonplace
(Young, 2008). More controversial is the use of cultural styles that assume commonalities in approaches to learning based
on cultural background. There are benefits and problems with using individual or cultural learning styles. Gutiérrez and Rogoff
(2003) proposed that we abandon the use of the styles construct in favour of working with students’ repertoires of culturally-based
experiences. This cultural historical approach has different views of the learner and his or her relationship to cultural
communities, the learning process, and the appropriate instructional practices to address diversity. After contrasting the
styles and cultural historical approaches, a compromise position is presented along with recommendations for further research
and the optimal use of both the styles and cultural-historical approaches. 相似文献
12.
The instructional competence of an Intelligent Tutoring System lies in its instructional model. Such a model has been approached in the ITS field from a theoretical and from a computational point of view. GTE approaches the instructional model from an epistemological point of view by making it reflect the instructional knowledge and expertise that underlies human teaching. The underlying assumption is that such knowledge and expertise has a generic nature, and that it can be modelled. The central component of the GTE architecture is therefore a large generic instructional knowledge base that is capable of dynamically generating a huge variety of instructional plans. It enables to flexibly adapt the teaching performance to the requirements of the individual teaching context. In this paper we describe the formalism that was developed for the representation of the instructional knowledge, the interpretation engine that can generate instructional processes based on the knowledge in the knowledge base, and the actual content of the knowledge base. It illustrates the feasibility of the assumption that was made, and the impact this may have on authoring instructional strategies. 相似文献
13.
Sally A. Lesik 《Research in higher education》2007,48(5):583-608
The impact of academic programs—such as developmental mathematics programs—on student retention, has been a controversial
topic for administrators, policy makers, and faculty in higher education. Despite deep interest in the effectiveness of these
programs in retaining students, scholars have been unable to determine whether such programs have a causal impact on student
retention. Rather than assigning students to a developmental program based on a random assignment process as in a true experiment,
most of the existing research up to this point has been non-experimental and has focused exclusively on whether student background
and demographic characteristics are statistically significant predictors of dropout. Furthermore, prior research is also limited
by its reliance on cross-sectional, retrospective designs despite the longitudinal nature of the dropout phenomenon. In this
paper, I report the results of a unique piece of research which embeds a regression-discontinuity design within the framework
provided by discrete-time survival analysis. By combining these two approaches, I was able to obtain an unbiased estimate
of the causal impact of participating in a developmental program in mathematics, and confirm that the risk of leaving college
among students who participate in developmental mathematics programs was significantly lower than for equivalent students
who did not participate in such programs. 相似文献
14.
怎样基于教育建模语言（Educational Modeling Language,简称EML）开展形式化层次的教学设计,是教学设计自动化领域中一个值得探讨的问题。IMSLD规范是一种经过改造的EML,具有目标、性质、基础、体系、提出者等五个方面的特点。基于IMSLD规范的学习（单元）设计有四条原理：指导思想原理、要素结构原理、设计层次原理、创设流程原理。从九个维度进一步对国际上已经推出的20多个IMSLD工具进行了归类和比较,并以《教育技术原理》教改课程为例,阐述了基于IMSLD规范的“学习单元”设计的具体过程,简介了“学习单元”设计制品的四条应用途径。 相似文献
15.
The playing of games has been a long standing tradition in physical education. Yet despite its history, the teaching of games within primary physical education lessons remains something of a weakness. This is most evident through a continued focus upon skill acquisition and a lack of fostering of a real ‘tactical understanding’ of game play. Despite attempts to rectify this issue through the development of instructional models, a lack of conceptual clarity remains. This paper proposes a framework that goes some way to rectify this ambiguity by proposing to focus upon what are referred to as ‘Principles of Play’. It is recommended that this approach should become the focus when conceptualising what constitutes primary games lessons. 相似文献
16.
Marcia K. Henry 《Reading and writing》1993,5(2):105-112
This paper introduces the special issue on decoding by discussing the role of decoding in the framework of reading research and current instructional issues. It briefly describes the contributions of the seven authors by presenting their key conceptions related to typical and atypical learners. The paper emphasizes the importance of decoding as part of the reading and language arts curriculum and provides instructional implications. Decoding is especially important to consider at this time, since instruction in reading, throughout the United States, is all but excluding systematic decoding instruction as it moves to the whole language, literature-based approaches. While many children may learn to read without difficulty using literature-based approaches, many children may fail to pick up the code. 相似文献
17.
Gerald S. Edmonds Robert C. Branch Prachee Mukherjee 《Educational technology research and development : ETR & D》1994,42(4):55-72
Instructional design (ID) professionals typically employ models that guide their practice. However, it is unclear how a specific
model is selected for an instructional situation. Andrews and Goodson (1980) provided a valuable procedure for comparing instructional
design models, but because of the proliferation of variations in instructional design applications during the past decade,
the introduction of instructional design into new learning contexts and the emergence of alternative approaches to instructional
design, there has emerged a need for a new framework which assesses the potential success of any instructional design model.
A framework is presented here which is intended to provide a conceptual tool for determining appropriate instructional design
applications. 相似文献
18.
Chris Gayford 《Environmental Education Research》2000,6(4):347-361
Reduction in biodiversity has been established as a global environmental issue, mainly over the last 10 years. However, there is disagreement amongst experts whether it is a natural phenomenon or strongly influenced by human activity. This article considers biodiversity as a controversial issue in the education of students of 11-18 years of age in schools, particularly in relation to science education. It includes a study of teachers' attitudes and approaches to biodiversity education in the UK and was undertaken using participatory appraisal methods with 'focus' groups of teachers. It was shown that the teachers in the study were frequently well informed, they considered biodiversity to be an important issue and although the formal science curriculum had a contribution to make it was also a matter that the whole institution could address. Suggestions for evaluating the possible indicators and outcomes of effective biodiversity education were made. In conclusion it was shown that while programmes included many of the essential components of knowledge for biodiversity education there was usually little attempt to ensure that students achieved a more coherent understanding of the complex issue or how to deal with matters that are truly controversial. The methodology provided a useful model for reflection on practice and professional development in many possible contexts. 相似文献
19.
Jean B. Crockett 《Exceptionality》2013,21(3):139-142
Effective leadership and administrative support for special education are critical issues in today's schools. The field of special education administration is gaining attention in the literature as professionals seek ways to foster accountability and drive change in ways that support the success of students with disabilities and their teachers. The purpose of this special issue of Exceptionality is to address current issues in special education administration and to explore promising directions. This introductory article provides a conceptual overview of the collaborative nature of special education administration, including issues of instructional, ethical, and teacher leadership. This article is intended to serve as a foundation for the succeeding articles within this special issue addressing key concerns within the field. 相似文献
20.
This article examines the assumptions and methods of conventional instructional media research to gauge its sufficiency as
a basis for issuing the controversial finding that media do not influence learning and as an inquiry model for documenting
media's educational effects generally. Examples of complex media effects are given and emerging media application paradigms
are identified to support the argument that both a new conceptualization of the media and learning question and new approaches
to its study are needed. An alternative values framework for guiding research on the effects of modern interactive technologies
in complex learning environments is offered. 相似文献