共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 651 毫秒
1.
林小兰 《雁北师范学院学报》2006,22(4):80-82
口语是心理认知活动,也是思维创作和社会交互活动,它涉及情感,积极的情感促进语言学习,消极的情感阻碍语言学习。传统的口语教学忽视情感问题,使学生交流时的心理障碍无法消除。文章从论述情感与语言学习的关系入手,分析消极因素对口语教学产生的影响,探讨如何在教学中对学生进行积极情感因素的培养,克服口语表达中的心理障碍。 相似文献
2.
Genetic Change and Continuity from Fourteen to Twenty Months: The MacArthur Longitudinal Twin Study 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
Robert Plomin Jerome Kagan Robert N. Emde J. Steven Reznick Julia M. Braungart JoAnn Robinson Joseph Campos Carolyn Zahn-Waxler Robin Corley David W. Fulker J. C. DeFries 《Child development》1993,64(5):1354-1376
Genetic change as well as continuity was investigated within the domains of temperament, emotion, and cognition/language for 200 pairs of twins assessed at 14 and 20 months of age in the laboratory and home. The second year of life is marked by change rather than continuity: correlations from 14 to 20 months averaged about .30 for observational measures of temperament and emotion, about .40 for language measures, and about .50 for mental development. 2 types of genetic change were examined: changes in the magnitude of genetic influence (heritability) and genetic contributions to change from 14 to 20 months. In general, heritability estimates were similar at 14 and 20 months. Evidence for genetic influence on change from 14 to 20 months emerged for several measures, implying that heritability cannot be equated with stability. Analyses of continuity indicated that genetic factors are largely responsible for continuity from 14 to 20 months. 相似文献
3.
Child temperament theories generally presume genetic contributions to behavioral differences, but empirical support is based largely on parent ratings of twins. These subjective ratings may be biased by parental exaggeration of dizygotic differences or of monozygotic similarities. An objective assessment of the genetic hypothesis was undertaken with motor activity level, a core dimension of most temperament theories. The activity level of 60 infant twin pairs was measured both by parent ratings and by motion recorders over a 2-day period. Data from the motion recorders showed evidence of genetic influences (RMZ = .76, RDZ = .56), as did parent ratings (RMZ = .82, RDZ = .21). The motion recorder results confirm with instrumentation a critical assumption of temperament theories and identify the presence of genetic contributors to temperamentally relevant behavioral differences in infancy. 相似文献
4.
《信阳师范学院学报(哲学社会科学版)》2015,(5):19-23
自内隐社会认知的概念提出以来,研究者发明了多种方法进行内隐态度与情绪的测量,如内隐联想测验、Go/No-Go联结任务、外在情感性西蒙任务等,这些方法暗含着一个共同的假设:积极和消极情绪或态度是同一个维度的两极。然而,越来越多的研究发现,虽然积极和消极情绪有密切关系,但是两者具有不同的结构。如此一来,几种内隐测验方法的这一共同假设就要首先受到质疑。因此,在应用上述几种内隐测验方法时,必须首先回答所测态度或情绪的结构问题。 相似文献
5.
Marc A. Brackett James L. Floman Claire Ashton-James Lillia Cherkasskiy Peter Salovey 《Teachers and Teaching》2013,19(6):634-646
The evaluation of student work is a central aspect of the teaching profession that can affect students in significant ways. Although teachers use multiple criteria for assessing student work, it is not yet known if emotions are a factor in their grading decisions as has been found in other instances of professional evaluations. Reason to believe that this might be the case not only comes from emotion-congruent judgment research, but also from the emerging field of teacher emotion research which is beginning to reveal that emotion may be an important element in various teacher cognitions and practices. The present study provides initial evidence that emotions may bias the grades teachers assign to their students, such that positive and negative emotions influence grade assignment in emotion-congruent ways. This research offers empirical contributions to research on emotion and cognition as well as on teacher emotion. 相似文献
6.
Mingming Zhou 《Educational technology research and development : ETR & D》2013,61(3):505-520
The ability to search, process, extract, evaluate and integrate information for learning purposes has clearly become the basic skills of the twenty first century. Although this process is often taken as a cognitive process, research has shown a strong connection between emotion and cognition. Recent research has suggested that positive emotions can influence the way cognitive material is organized and processed. This study examined the relationship between students’ emotional states prior to task engagement to their problem-solving patterns. Results revealed that students with positive emotions, compared to the negative and mixed emotion groups, were characterized as regulatory problem-solvers who were more engaged in self-regulatory activities. Students with negative emotions were characterized by less variety of search activities as well as little or no regulatory activities. 相似文献
7.
基于以往无意识思维研究范式,以“整体积极情绪”“整体消极情绪”和语言表述（中\英）为自变量,探究中\英文表述的整体情绪对无意识效应的影响。结果表明,第一,不同整体情绪影响无意识思维效应。母语表述的整体积极情绪组的无意识思维效应显著优于整体消极情绪组;外语表述的整体积极情绪的无意识思维效应不显著;第二,研究结果证实了情感—语言效应。 相似文献
8.
Theory of Mind, Emotion Understanding, Language, and Family Background: Individual Differences and Interrelations 总被引：16，自引：0，他引：16
Individual differences in young children's social cognition were examined in 128 urban preschoolers from a wide range of backgrounds. comprehensive assessments were made of children's false-belief understanding, emotion understanding, language abilities, and family background information was collected via parent interview. Individual differences in children's understanding of false-belief and emotion were associated with differences in language ability and with certain aspects of family background, in particular, parental occupational class and mothers' education. The number of siblings that children had did not relate to their social cognition. Individual differences in false-belief and emotion understanding were correlated, but these domains did not contribute to each other independently of age, language ability, and family background. In fact, variance in family background only contributed uniquely to false-belief understanding. The results suggest that family background has a significant impact on the development of theory of mind. The findings also suggest that understanding of false-belief and understanding of emotion may be distinct aspects of social cognition in young children. 相似文献
9.
Jeffrey Liew Audrea Y. Johnson Tracy R. Smith Felix Thoemmes 《Early education and development》2013,24(4):549-573
Research Findings: Parental expressivity, child physiological regulation (indexed by respiratory sinus arrhythmia suppression), child behavioral regulation, and child adjustment outcomes were examined in 45 children (M age = 4.32 years, SD = 1.30) and their parents. With the exception of child adjustment (i.e., internalizing and externalizing problems and adaptive skills), which were assessed with parents' ratings, all variables were observed behaviorally or physiologically. A 3-path mediation path model was tested with the relations between parental expressivity and child adjustment outcomes mediated through child physiological regulation and behavioral regulation. Despite low power to detect the mediated effect, there was evidence to suggest that physiological regulation and behavioral regulation were 2 mediating mechanisms by which parental high positive/low negative expressivity may influence adaptive skills. Thus, parental expressivity may shape children's physiological regulation. And physiological regulation may be 1 mechanism by which effortful control becomes manifested as behavioral regulation that becomes apparent to others who then make evaluations about individuals' adaptive skills. Practice or Policy: The results have implications for interventions aimed at parent training or parental coaching of emotion as well as interventions aimed at enhancing children's social-emotional or behavioral regulation to improve children's adaptive skills. 相似文献
10.
《Parenting, science and practice》2013,13(4):265-284
Objectives. This study examined correspondences among maternal and paternal ratings of infant temperament, parental psychological functioning, and infant behavior. Design. Participants included 120 families. When infants were 6 weeks old, mothers and fathers completed the Infant Characteristics Questionnaire (ICQ); reported on their own levels of anxiety, depressive symptoms, and parenting stress; and completed a 3-day diary of their infants' behavior. Infant irritability was assessed in a laboratory situation. Results. Fathers rated their infants' temperament somewhat more negatively, but there was significant correspondence between maternal and paternal ratings on the temperament factors of fussiness, unadaptability, dullness, and a difficultness composite. Higher infant difficultness was consistently associated with parenting stress. Infant behavioral fussiness, as measured by 3-day diaries, was significantly correlated with temperament ratings by both parents and with irritability observed in the laboratory setting. Maternal psychological distress was weakly predictive of ratings of infant difficultness; infant behaviors (diary and laboratory-based irritability) accounted for 15 to 17% of the variance. Paternal psychological distress and infant behaviors contributed equally to difficultness ratings. Conclusions. Mothers and fathers are influenced by somewhat different factors in perceiving their babies' temperament, but both maternal and paternal reports have a basis in laboratory- and diary-based behaviors. Results indicate the strong contributing influence of infant irritability to the perception of difficult temperament and support the validity of parental reports of infant irritability in the first 6 weeks of life. 相似文献
11.
Vaughan Van Hecke A Mundy PC Acra CF Block JJ Delgado CE Parlade MV Meyer JA Neal AR Pomares YB 《Child development》2007,78(1):53-69
Infant joint attention has been observed to be related to social-emotional outcomes in at-risk children. To address whether this relation is also evident in typically developing children, 52 children were tested at 12, 15, 24, and 30 months to examine associations between infant joint attention and social outcomes. Twelve-month initiating and responding to joint attention were related to 30-month social competence and externalizing behavior, even when accounting for 15-month temperament ratings, 24-month cognition and language, and demographic variables. These results suggest that, in addition to associations with language and cognition, infant joint attention reflects robust aspects of development that are related to individual differences in the emergence of social and behavioral competence in childhood. 相似文献
12.
13.
Emotional and Behavioral Predictors of Preschool Peer Ratings 总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11
Susanne A. Denham Marcia McKinley Elizabeth A. Couchoud Robert Holt 《Child development》1990,61(4):1145-1152
It was predicted that social cognitive, behavioral, and affective aspects of young children's social development would predict stable peer ratings of their likability. Measures of likability, emotion knowledge, prosocial and aggressive behavior, peer competence, and expressed emotions (happy and angry) were obtained for 65 subjects (mean age = 44 months). Sociometric ratings, particularly negative, were stable over 1- and 9-month time periods. Correlational analyses showed that emotion knowledge and prosocial behavior were direct predictors of likability. Prosocial behavior mediated the relations of gender and expressed emotions with likability (i.e., gender and expressed emotions were each related to prosocial behavior, and prosocial behavior was related to likability, but neither gender nor expressed emotions were related to likability with prosocial behavior partialled out). Knowledge of emotional situations similarly mediated the age-likability relation. Results uphold the early development of stable peer reputations and the hypothesized centrality of emotion-related predictors of likability. 相似文献
14.
Emotional Determinants of Infant-Mother Attachment 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Carroll E. Izard O. Maurice Haynes Gail Chisholm Katherine Baak 《Child development》1991,62(5):906-917
The present study examined the assumption that emotion-related characteristics of mothers and infants contribute to the development of infant-mother attachment in the first year of life. Mothers' emotion and personality characteristics were assessed with expressive-behavior ratings and self-report scales. Infant characteristics were measured by emotion and temperament questionnaires (mother report) and objective coding of facial expressions of emotions. Attachment classifications were determined by means of the Strange Situation procedure, and a continuous-variable index of attachment security was derived by a discriminant function procedure. Mothers' emotion experiences, expressive behaviors, and personality traits were significant predictors of the level of security of the infant-mother attachment. Infants' expressive and temperamental characteristics as rated by their mothers were also significant predictors of attachment security. 相似文献
15.
The present study investigated relationships among false belief, emotion understanding, and social skills with 60 3- to 5-year-olds (29 boys, 31girls) from Head Start and two other preschools. Children completed language, false belief, and emotion understanding measures; parents and teachers evaluated children's social skills. Children's false belief performance related to their understanding of their friend's emotions and to teacher's ratings of social skills. Aspects of emotion understanding related to social skills. Head Start (n =30) and non-Head Start preschoolers (n = 30) performed similarly on social skills and emotion understanding measures, however, non-Head Start children performed significantly better on false belief tasks than Head Start children. Results demonstrate the importance of including diverse groups of children in studies of social cognition. 相似文献
16.
Preschoolers' Emotional Control in the Disappointment Paradigm and Its Relation to Temperament, Emotional Knowledge, and Family Expressiveness 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
The present research evaluated a conceptual model that links temperament, emotional knowledge, and family expressiveness to preschoolers' emotion regulation ability. The emotional understanding of 82 preschoolers was assessed with 2 separate tasks. After the second emotional knowledge task, the children were presented a "disappointing" prize, and their facial displays of positive and negative affect were recorded. The children and their mothers also participated in a game designed to elicit maternal expressive behavior. Mothers provided information about the preschoolers' temperament and about the frequency of positive and negative affect expressed within their families Results indicated that children's positive displays when presented the "disappointing" prize were inversely related to the temperamental dimension of emotional intensity and positively associated with children's understanding of emotion. Maternal reports of sadness within the family were inversely related to children's positive affective displays. Children's negative emotional displays in the disappointment situation were inversely related to observed maternal positive emotion. The findings from this study give greater specification to the unique and joint contributions of temperament, emotional knowledge, and family expressiveness in predicting preschoolers' expressive control of emotion. 相似文献
17.
《Early education and development》2013,24(3):341-366
The present study investigated relationships among false belief, emotion understanding, and social skills with 60 3- to 5-year-olds (29 boys, 31girls) from Head Start and two other preschools. Children completed language, false belief, and emotion understanding measures; parents and teachers evaluated children's social skills. Children's false belief performance related to their understanding of their friend's emotions and to teacher's ratings of social skills. Aspects of emotion understanding related to social skills. Head Start (n =30) and non-Head Start preschoolers (n = 30) performed similarly on social skills and emotion understanding measures, however, non-Head Start children performed significantly better on false belief tasks than Head Start children. Results demonstrate the importance of including diverse groups of children in studies of social cognition. 相似文献
18.
Children's Temperament, Mothers' Discipline, and Security of Attachment: Multiple Pathways to Emerging Internalization 总被引：10，自引：2，他引：10
Grazyna Kochanska 《Child development》1995,66(3):597-615
This study examined relations of temperamental fearfulness/anxiety proneness, attachment security, and maternal discipline with emerging internalization in 103 26–41-month-old toddlers. It was a further test of the model that proposed that child temperament (1) is an important underpinning of early internalization and (2) moderates the influence of socialization. All constructs were measured using multiple behavioral observations in several contexts at home and laboratory and parental reports. Fearfulness/anxiety was associated with several measures of internalization. There was also strong evidence of diverse pathways to internalization for children with different temperaments. For the relatively fearful/anxious children, maternal gentle discipline deemphasizing power, thus presumably resulting in an optimal, moderate level of anxious arousal, predicted internalization. For the relatively fearless children, however, security of attachment was associated with internalization. The findings are discussed within a framework proposing alternative pathways to internalization—one capitalizing on fear/anxiety and one building on positive, cooperative interpersonal set between the mother and child—with different pathways effective for children differing in temperament. 相似文献
19.
The goal of this study was to evaluate a complex multiple mediation model linking parental support, homework self-efficacy, emotion regulation strategies (i.e. cognitive reappraisal and expressive suppression), and homework emotions among Chinese children. Participants were 832 fourth and fifth grade students attending public primary schools in urban China. Measures of parental support, homework self-efficacy, emotion regulation strategies, and homework emotions were collected using self-report assessments. Results from multiple mediation analyses demonstrated that parental support indirectly predicted homework emotions through its positive associations with homework self-efficacy and cognitive reappraisal strategy. However, homework self-efficacy and expressive suppression strategy did not mediate the relation between parental support and homework emotions. Results are discussed with regard to the roles of homework self-efficacy and emotion regulation strategies in the links between parental support and children’s homework emotions. Educational implications are also considered. 相似文献
20.
刘英 《长江工程职业技术学院学报》2014,(4):41-43
高职学生的情绪表现出明显的过度性和不稳定性,为负面情绪困扰,主要是自卑、焦虑、抑郁、易怒等。以某高职院校为例,通过特色课程与活动的开展以及教育工作者的引领作用,来培养情绪认知能力;接纳正常的情绪并调节自己的负面情绪;合理地表达情绪,发展人际交往能力;进一步陶冶情绪,培养管理情绪的能力。 相似文献