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1.
The Motivation for Educational Attainment (MEA) questionnaire, developed to assess facets related to early adolescents’ motivation to complete high school, has a bifactor structure with a large general factor and three smaller orthogonal specific factors (teacher expectations, peer aspirations, value of education). This prospective validity study investigated the utility of each factor in predicting high school dropout or completion of a general education development (GED) certificate versus completion of a high school degree. Participants were 474 (55.1% male) ethnically diverse students who were originally recruited into a larger longitudinal study in Grade 1 on the basis of academic risk. Fourteen years later, 373 had obtained a high school diploma, 15 had obtained a GED, and 86 had dropped out of high school. During their first year of Grade 9, participants were administered the MEA. Using multinomial logistic regression with high school graduation as the reference outcome and controlling for Grade 9 letter grades, reading and math test scores, gender, and ethnic/racial group status, scores on the latent general factor and the latent peer aspirations factor predicted high school dropout versus high school graduation status. Neither the general factor nor any of the three specific factors predicted GED completion versus high school graduation. Ethnicity, but not gender, moderated the associations between scores on the general factor and high school graduation versus dropout. 相似文献
2.
We use data from the Texas Schools Microdata Panel (TSMP) to examine the extent to which dropouts use the GED as a route to postsecondary education. Lacking suitable instruments that would allow us to directly address potential biases in estimating the “GED path” to postsecondary education, our approach is to base estimates on a set of academically “at risk” students who are very similar in the 8th grade. We observe that the eventual high school graduates in this group have much better postsecondary education outcomes than do the similar at-risk 8th graders who drop out and obtain a GED. We discuss potential explanations for the observed differences in the postsecondary education outcomes of the two groups. 相似文献
3.
A straightforward way to prevent students from leaving education without a higher secondary diploma is increasing the compulsory education age. The idea is that, by staying longer in school, more students eventually obtain a higher secondary diploma. This paper examines the impact of a one-year increase in compulsory school-age on dropping out of secondary education by a difference-in-differences analysis. For this, we exploit a recent compulsory education policy reform in the Netherlands. After controlling for confounding factors and observable covariates, we find that the one year increase in compulsory school-age reduces dropout by 2.5 percentage points. The effect, however, is entirely situated in the group non-liable to the policy reform. We observe that native Dutch vocational students, mostly without retention in grade, but also without a higher secondary diploma at hand, more often left school in the immediate period before the policy reform. Given the economic revival at that time, this may reflect anticipation of labor market opportunities. 相似文献
4.
我国义务教育阶段师范学历教师和非师范学历教师的教学能力差异研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过对义务教育阶段教师的学历变化进行连续跟踪调查,假设全国各地开展的学科带头人和骨干教师等学术称号能完全代表教师的教学能力,并通过数理统计对小学、初中教师的最初学历、最终学历、师范类学历、非师范类学历与教学能力的相关关系进行研究,结果表明:教师教学能力与初始学历呈负相关,与最终学历有时呈负相关,有时呈正相关;教师最终师范学历和最初师范学历与教学能力呈正相关。但是,教学能力与学历的相关程度并不是很高。有关部门应严格小学、初中教师的入口,并加强在职教师的培训。 相似文献
5.
对顺德职业技术学院2012年"专插本"考生考试动机的调查显示,综合素质提升而非学历提升是考生报考"专插本"的主要目的;考生们的学习动机强度一般;过于强调"专插本"考试对学生现阶段的学习和学校教育可能产生一定的负面影响;时间成本和经济费用是影响学生继续"专插本"学习的主要因素。这些意味着,要妥善利用"专插本"形式培养社会急需的高级技术应用型人才,需要科学合理地设计升本后的人才培养方案,同时更好地激发学生接受职业技术教育的兴趣和积极性。此外,从长远来看,"专插本"教育应突破分段式,走向一贯制,方可更有利于高级技术应用型人才的培养。 相似文献
6.
Andrew McGee 《Economics of Education Review》2011,30(1):109-129
Learning disabled youth in the Child and Young Adult samples of the NLSY79 are more likely to graduate from high school than peers with the same measured cognitive ability, a difference that cannot be explained by differences in noncognitive skills, families, or school resources. Instead, I find that learning disabled students graduate from high school at higher rates than youth with the same cognitive abilities because of high school graduation policies that make it easier for learning disabled youth to obtain a high school diploma. The effects of these graduation policies are even more remarkable given that I find evidence that learning disabled youth have less unmeasured human capital than observationally equivalent youth as after high school they are less likely to be employed or continue on to college and earn less than their observationally equivalent non-learning disabled peers. 相似文献
7.
Educational and skill-building programs are commonplace in prisons and have been the focus of recent prominent policy initiatives. These educational programs are expected to increase prisoners’ post-release employability, with the hope that these lead to both private and public benefits. One of the most popular programs prepares prisoners to pass the GED exam, which is an academic certification for those without a high-school diploma. We analyze the labor market returns to a GED earned in prison using new administrative data on all released prisoners in the state of Missouri over nearly 25 years, and a matched comparison group difference-in-differences design with individual fixed effects. We find that the GED can lead to higher short-term quarterly earnings and employment, with the largest benefits experienced soon after release. These effects are strongest for those who did not have strong work histories prior to entering prison and for those who had access to post-release support. We also find that the effect of the GED is of a similar magnitude for White and Black formerly incarcerated individuals. 相似文献
8.
赵海汝 《成都教育学院学报》2008,22(5):16-17
初等教育学院培养大专学历小学美术教师,培养目标应坚持对学生学习质量的高标准与严格要求,教学方法上：淡化技能训练,重视审美教学;改变评价标准,促进学生个性发展。 相似文献
9.
One major concern with public school open enrollment programs is the potential for parents’ school selection errors to adversely affect their children's academic achievement. In this study of the Beijing middle school open enrollment program, we estimate the degree to which children's school outcomes were negatively affected by the poor choices their parents made during the school selection process. We do this by examining parents’ responses to a survey on school choices combined with actual school applications, school admission records, and High School Entrance Examination test scores for 4717 students entering middle schools in Beijing via randomized lotteries. We find that the children of parents who made judgment errors in school selection were admitted to lower quality schools and achieved lower test scores on the High School Entrance Examination. Parents who had less education, whose children performed at lower levels in primary school, and who were less attentive to teachers’ opinions about schools were more prone to make these errors. Providing assistance to parents, especially those less prepared to make informed choices about school selection, is consequently important for supporting more efficient and equitable open enrollment programs. 相似文献
10.
11.
发展现代远程教育是一件利国利民的大好事,它既能方便公民就近求学,又能提高国民的素质,一举多得。然而,就目前校外学习中心开展的成人学历教育状况看,却不尽人意。从文凭上看,国民的学历大大提高,而从实际来看,这些持有高学历者的学力却长进不大。这种不良状况,不仅影响了正常的成人学历教育质量和秩序,更不利于教育的公平与公正,必须及时强化管理。 相似文献
12.
This paper shows that while high school dropouts fare far worse on average than otherwise similar high school completers in early adulthood outcomes such as success in the labor market and future criminal activity, there are important differences within this group of dropouts. Notably, those who feel “pulled” out of school (i.e., they say they dropped out of school to work or take care of family) do similarly with respect to labor market and criminal outcomes in their early twenties to individuals with similar pre-dropout characteristics who complete high school. It is only those who feel they are more “pushed” out of school (i.e., they say they drop out for other reasons including expulsion, poor grades, moving, and not liking school) who do substantially worse than otherwise similar high school completers. These results suggest that any detrimental impacts from dropping out of school arise primarily when the drop out does not have a plan for how to use his time after dropping out. 相似文献
13.
Contrasting adult literacy learners with and without specific learning disabilities This study of 311 adult education (AE) learners found 29% self-reported having a specific learning disability (SLD). Significant differences in demographic, academic, and life experience variables between the adult learners with and without SLD included: prior participation in special education, having both an SLD diagnosis and a high school diploma, low reading scores, middle age, and negative perceptions about limitations due to reading abilities. A post-hoc regression analysis found SLD status significantly contributes to variance in reading level when controlling for age and IQ. From these findings we conclude that SLD status should be considered an educationally relevant variable in adult education that warrants a diagnostic or clinical teaching approach. 相似文献
14.
Despite widespread belief that majoring in science in high school has a greater payoff in the Indian labor market than majoring in business/humanities, there is no hard evidence to substantiate this thought. Here I provide the first evidence of the causal effect of majoring in science on individuals’ labor market outcomes relative to majoring in business/humanities using microdata from India. Estimating the causal effect, however, is a formidable task since selection into high school major is nonrandom and exclusion restrictions are unavailable. I circumvent these difficulties by employing an econometric technique that does not rely on valid exclusion restriction for identification. I find that majoring in science has a negative causal effect on individuals’ employment probability. Conditional on being employed, however, majoring in science has a positive causal effect on individuals’ earnings and probability of being engaged in a professional occupation. These findings suggest, in contrast to conventional wisdom, the labor market effects of majoring in science in high school in India is not a plain tale of ‘science premium’ - while majoring in science might lead to relatively better labor market outcomes for those who are able to find employment, finding employment itself is more difficult for science majors. 相似文献
15.
《Journal of Education for Students Placed at Risk》2013,18(1):11-28
The P.M. Program, located at Barnstable High School (BHS) in Hyannis, Massachusetts, is an alternative high school program for students from 16 to 22 years old who, for a variety of personal, social, economic, and academic reasons, have not been successful in a traditional high school setting. Without compromising rigorous academic or behavioral standards, the program offers students a chance to attain a high school diploma rather than a General Equivalency Diploma (GED) through a variety of nontraditional means. Following a regular school calendar, the program holds classes from 3 to 9 p.m. Monday through Thursday in the BHS. By meeting in the afternoon and evening, the students in the program are able to use all the facilities of the high school, including the library, computer laboratories, science laboratories, and home economics kitchen, at a time when these facilities are idle. On Fridays classes meet from 8:30 a.m. to noon in a local church building because there is no classroom space available in the high school during day school hours. The switch to morning hours on Fridays allows us to meet Massachusetts time and learning requirements without holding classes on Friday nights, a time when few students would attend. 相似文献
16.
Does schooling affect health behavior? Evidence from the educational expansion in Western Germany 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
During the postwar period German states pursued policies to increase the share of young Germans obtaining a university entrance diploma (Abitur) by building more academic track schools, but the timing of educational expansion differed between states. This creates exogenous variation in the availability of upper secondary schooling, which allows estimating the causal effect of education on health behaviors. Using the number of academic track schools in a state as an instrumental variable for years of schooling, we investigate the causal effect of schooling on health behavior such as smoking and related outcomes such as obesity. We find large and robust negative effects of education on smoking for women. These effects can mostly be attributed to reductions in starting rates rather than increases in quitting rates. We also find large negative effects of education on smoking for men. However, the precision of these is not robust to sample specification changes and results for men should thus be interpreted with caution. We find no causal effect of education on reduced overweight and obesity. 相似文献
17.
This paper analyses the effects of the size of school districts on educational attainment of students after compulsory school in Denmark. Using administrative microdata for individual students and their parents, logit models for the probability of obtaining different levels of education are estimated where the explanatory variables include district size, per student expenditure, and a wide range of controls for family background and district socioeconomic characteristics. It is found that attending schools in districts with a population of less than 15,000 (corresponding to less than 1800 students in public primary and lower secondary schools) has negative effects on educational attainment later in life: The probability of completing a secondary education (upper secondary school or vocational education) or a further or higher education is reduced by approximately 3 percentage points compared to having attended primary and lower secondary school in a district with more than 15,000 inhabitants. 相似文献
18.
Prior research on the labor market success of secondary vocational education has produced mixed results, with several studies finding wage gains only for individuals who work in training-related occupations. We contribute to this debate by focusing on a single occupation and organization and by comparing the careers of employees with and without occupation-related training in high school. We use longitudinal data on the careers of military recruits who completed high school Junior Reserve Officers’ Training Corps (JROTC), a military science program that has features of a vocational training and school-to-work program. We find that the occupation-specific training received via JROTC reduces early turnover and improves long-run job stability for those who choose military jobs, suggesting that an important effect of vocational training is to improve job match quality. We also find that promotion rates for vocational graduates are similar to their peers, suggesting that vocational education in general works by improving occupational sorting. 相似文献
19.
培养具有复合应用型硕士学位的特殊教育师资 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1
国外中小学特殊教育普遍要求教师具有硕士学位。高中阶段特殊教育学校比普通高中更需要高层次、高学历的教师。在各类可能到特殊教育学校任职的人才中,复合型、应用型特殊教育硕士具有学科与特殊教育双重优势,能够面对个别差异大的教学对象,在实践中解决实际问题,完成复杂的教学任务。复合性应用型特殊教育硕士是特殊教育师资培养模式的创新,需要特殊教育院校与相关院校联合培养。 相似文献
20.
Herman G. van de Werfhorst 《British Educational Research Journal》2021,47(5):1209-1236
In the Dutch stratified secondary educational system, schools vary in how many tracks are offered. While the tendency in the Netherlands is for schools to become smaller, a relevant policy question is whether multi-track school settings promote equality of educational opportunity. Comparing single-track schools at the pre-university and pre-vocational levels with multi-track schools offering the same exams, and using relative geographical distance as an instrument of school choice, the analyses showed that single-track pre-university schools enhance the probability of obtaining a pre-university diploma without delay, but more strongly so for students from disadvantaged backgrounds (who have a lower chance of going to such schools). The single-track pre-vocational schools were associated with a lower likelihood of achieving a diploma at a level higher than pre-vocational education. Multi-track schools within a varied system will not automatically enhance equal opportunities, as middle-class children will also benefit from the additional options that multi-track schools provide. 相似文献