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1.
The problem that inspired the present research refers to the relationships between schemata and intuitions. These two mental categories share a number of common properties: ontogenetic stability, adaptive flexibility, internal consistency, coerciveness and generality. Schemata are defined following the Piagetian line of thought, either as programs for processing and interpreting information or as programs for designing and performing adaptive reactions. Intuitions are defined in the present article as global, immediate cognitions. On the basis of previous findings (Fischbein et al., 1996; Siegler, 1979; Wilkening, 1980; Wilkening & Anderson, 1982), our main hypothesis was that intuitions are always based on certain structural schemata. In the present research this hypothesis was checked with regard to combinatorial problems (permutations, arrangements with and without replacement, combinations). It was found that intuitions, even when expressed as instantaneous guesses, are; in fact, manipulated'behind the scenes' (correctly or incorrectly) by schemata. This implies that, in order to influence, didactically, students' intuitions, those schemata on which these intuitions are based should be identified and acted upon. 相似文献
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通过实验的方法来探讨图式与礼仪祝辞类口译成效之间的关系。结果表明：图式有助于提高礼仪祝辞口译的效果,其中结构图式能减轻译员的记忆负荷,背景知识图式方便于口译员预测下文内容和语言信息,语言图式则使译员的表达更为顺畅。要提高口译效果,学员要建立与激活尽可能多的结构图式、背景知识图式和语言图式。 相似文献
3.
图式理论是认知心理学家用来解释心理过程的一种理论。从图式理论的角度来理解,翻译是译者利用相关图式对源语解码,并将目的语再编码的一个图式转换的过程。文章从图式理论角度来探讨广告翻译。文章分析了目的语读者的图式与源语文本可能出现的三种关系——图式相符,图式冲突,和图式空缺,并提出译者只有充分了解目的语读者的认知图式,采用恰当的翻译策略,才能创作出优质的广告译文。 相似文献
4.
本文运用图式理论探讨了大学英语听力教学中的语言输入,旨在帮助学生提高听力理解能力。文章分析了图式和听力理解的内在认知关系;论述了内容图式、形式图式和抽象图式三种不同类型的图式对大学英语听力教学中语言输入的指导;并指出在听力教学实践中,教师遵循关联性和真实性原则选择和使用语言输入有助于学生激活和完善内容图式,语言输入的文体教学影响着学生大脑中形式图式的构建和发展,而教师简化语言输入则有利于帮助学生建立抽象图式。 相似文献
5.
《校园英语(教研版)》2016,(15):240-241
Idioms, which contain abundant cultural contents and profound truths, are known as one of the features of Chinese. And schemata refer to the knowledge and experience in human brain. The differences of cultural schemata will bring about difficulties and challenges to translation. Through an analysis of the translation strategies in Jenner's Journey to the West, this paper is aimed to find out in different cultural schemata what translation strategies the translator will adopt to activate or adjust the cultural schemata in readers' brain so as to help them solve the problems of cultural factors during their reading. 相似文献
6.
GA-hardness and interdependence between genes in the chromosome are important questions in the study of genetic algorithms (GA) ,Traditional methods,which are used to measure the interaction between genes,can only reflect the extent of epistasis between all genes in the chromosome, Therefore,the definition of the fitness landscape of schemata is proosed in this paper,and epistasis measures on this landscape of schemata are used to analyze the degree of interdependence between some certain gene loci in study ,Some information between these sites can be reflected by some characters of the fitness landscape of schemata which are composed of these fixed sites,The stronger the interaction between these sites,the larger the variation of the fitness of schemata whose fixed sites correspond to those sites in study ,and the more rugged the fitness landscape of these schemata,According to the degree of interaction between given gene loci ,building blocks of GA can be analyzed and determined,and further genetic operators and the structure of GA can be designed and adjusted to improve the perfomance of GA ,At last,a lot of experiments including NK-models are done,and results of empirical analysis show that this method is effective. 相似文献
7.
冉井芳 《牡丹江教育学院学报》2009,(6):135-136
读者运用图式知识进行语言理解和文本解读的学说被称为图式理论。图式理论自提出之日起,就被专家学者们用于外语阅读教学的研究。但很多研究都属于理论探讨性的,实证性的定量分析研究很少,而把图式理论用于英语报刊阅读中的研究则更少。本文以英美报刊中的文章为语料,以图式理论为研究理论,探讨图式理论在大学英语专业英语报刊阅读中的应用。 相似文献
8.
张小洪 《重庆职业技术学院学报》2010,19(3):111-113
阅读是英语学习过程中最重要的环节之一,阅读教学也有各种方法及其主导理论。图式理论是心理学家用来解释心理过程的一种理论,在该理论指导下的L2图式阅读教学凸显学生与文本的互动过程,强化学生的主动地位,顺应以能力和技能为核心的教学趋势。文章简述了图式理论,随后论述了常被忽视的阅前活动。文章指出只有坚定信念,不断探索和总结才能提高图式阅读教学效果。 相似文献
9.
吴艳 《廊坊师范学院学报》2004,20(4):98-100
由于文化差异，中国英语学习者对英语语篇中的隐喻理解通常出现困惑。针对这一问题，文章以图式理论为指导并根据隐喻特点及某些相关的运作机制，从内容图式(content schemata)、语言图式(1inguistic schemata)及文化图式(cultural schemata)三个角度来分析英语语篇中的隐喻理解程序特点，并指出了相应的英语隐喻理解策略。 相似文献
10.
陈雅文 《江西教育学院学报》2014,(2):93-96
国内外对图式理论和翻译补偿的研究早已具备一定的研究成果,但从文化图式理论视角下的研究却仍然稀缺。从文化图式理论视角下对翻译的研究虽然有所发展,但与翻译补偿关联的研究却十分欠缺。文章通过介绍文化图式理论,以文化图式理论为基础,分析刘士聪《英汉·汉英美文翻译与鉴赏》中应用的翻译补偿策略,尝试从一个较新的视角对翻译补偿进行研究,为译者提供与文化图式理论相关的翻译补偿策略作参考。 相似文献
11.
扼要介绍模式定理,提出一种新的适应值赋值方法.借助该适应值赋值方法,分析了模式定理与交叉概率Pc、变异概率Pm的关系,推导出模式定理成立的参数条件为：√pc＋√pm＜1. 相似文献
12.
Business English translation is a cognitive process.schema theory has seldom been applied to business English.This paper is written on the basis of the features of business English and schema theory;it studies the process in which schemata are formed in the brain and the application of four major schemata to business English translation.Through introducing theories and illustrating many examples,the thesis shows the importance of the application of the schema theory to business English translation. 相似文献
13.
本文从形式图式和内容图式两个方面探讨图式理论在英文扩展句写作教学中的应用,提出帮助学生构建、激活形式图式和内容图式的写作教学建议,从而锻炼学生英语扩展句的写作技能,提高段落写作能力。 相似文献
14.
沙茂林 《安徽教育学院学报》2011,29(3):70-72
如何生动形象的进行化学物质微观结构的教学,是目前结构化学教学的一个重难点之一。本文从结构化学的教学内容出发,结合结构化学教学特点,在教学中应用晶体结构数据库检索,使抽象的内容形象化,微观变为宏观,使教学过程变得生动和有趣,利于学生更好的理解掌握结构化学知识。 相似文献
15.
Jack Martin 《Instructional Science》1984,13(2):159-180
An initial outline of a cognitive schemata theory of self-instruction is presented. Three levels of schemata are described briefly. Attention then is devoted to the cognitive organization and operation of these schemata in relation to procedural and declarative knowledge stores, and in relation to everchanging situational information. The primary objective is to provide an initial basis for conceptualizing the cognitive competence required for self-instruction.Requests for reprints should be directed to Jack Martin, Associate Professor, at the above address. Work on this paper was begun while the author was an Associate Professor in the Faculty of Education at Simon Fraser University. 相似文献
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17.
《Journal of moral education》2012,41(3):230-245
Abstract The growing field of clinical‐developmental psychology has been influenced by Lawrence Kohlberg's theory of moral judgement. Too literal a use of structural theory, however, has hindered this field's advancement. This paper argues that a new theory of self is required to apply appropriately developmental theory to clinical practice. The model consists of two related dimensions of self: self‐complexity and biographical themes (schemata and themata). A perspective on normal and atypical development given by the interactions between these components is described and implications for practice are discussed. 相似文献
18.
图式理论对英语的阅读有着重要的指导意义,图式理论认为,阅读的过程是一个图式启动的过程,阅读理解的成功与否取决于读者大脑中与文章相关的图式。以图式理论为指导,分析了专门用途英语阅读中图式的特点,探讨了专门用途英语阅读教学中建立图式、激活图式、巩固图式的重要性和方法。 相似文献
19.
图式理论认为图式是认知的基础。在信息的编码、储存、传输、接收和解码过程中起作用。翻译的过程中,译者相关文化认知图式的缺失或不匹配是造成误译的重要原因。汉诗英译中大量存在的文化意象误译,是文学翻译中的一个无法回避的问题。 相似文献
20.
图式是人脑中已有的知识经验,在英语阅读中起着重要作用,学生英语阅读的失败常常是因为缺乏内容图式所造成的。分析了图式理论及其在英语阅读中的作用,并探讨了在英语阅读中获得图式的途径。 相似文献