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1.
Conversations are a primary tool for language development in preschool classrooms. Unfortunately, opportunities to have meaningful
conversations between children and adults may not exist in preschool classrooms, especially those that serve children from
high poverty contexts. Conversation Stations were implemented in preschool classrooms to ensure that high quality, consistent
conversation would occur. In a Conversation Station, children have the opportunity to talk, to get feedback on their language, and to have appropriate language modeled for them.
The Conversation Station can be used as an effective activity to promote language and vocabulary development in preschool classrooms. Using Conversation Stations allows for language development to be systematically included in everyday experiences in the classroom. 相似文献
2.
The Indonesian education system is striving for an inclusive approach and techniques are needed which can support children with severe learning disabilities and their peers in this context. Manually signed language has proved useful both in supporting the development and empowerment of children with severe learning disabilities and supporting inclusive educational practices. The development of an Indonesian signed language approach for this purpose is therefore argued to be an appropriate goal. There is evidence that the use of signed language within classrooms is significantly influenced by teacher attitudes and beliefs. This paper examines the attitudes towards such an approach based on semi-structured interviews with 20 teachers in 7 schools in East Java and questionnaire responses from 69 teachers and educational professionals more widely located across Indonesia. The results suggest that teachers hold broadly positive attitudes to the possibility of signing. There is a complex relationship between social stigmatisation, the nature of signing and a possible classroom pedagogy. These issues need to be considered if the development of an Indonesian signed language approach for inclusive classrooms is to proceed successfully. 相似文献
3.
Shelley Stagg Peterson Laureen J. McIntyre Lena Glaés-Coutts 《Educational Action Research》2013,21(5):787-802
This article reports on collaborative action research in twelve northern rural and Indigenous communities in four Canadian provinces. Pre-kindergarten, kindergarten, grade one, and Aboriginal Head Start teachers worked with university researchers in three universities to create action research projects with the aim of supporting children’s oral language and writing through play in their classrooms. Inductive analysis of focus group data shows that teachers gained understandings about play as a context both for supporting and for authentic assessment of young children’s oral language. The building of trusting relationships, built through ongoing collaboration with colleagues within their schools and across four provinces, in addition to collaboration with university researchers over a number of years, was viewed as particularly influential to teachers’ professional learning. Additionally, teachers talked about the value of opportunities to contribute to the development of teaching and assessment tools. Participating teachers came to see themselves as making valuable contributions to professional knowledge beyond their northern communities. The 4R’s for conducting research in Indigenous contexts (reciprocity, respect, relevance, and responsibility) provide a framework for deriving implications from this collaborative research. It is important that the results of collaborative action research conducted in rural and Indigenous schools be widely disseminated to provide alternative perspectives to curriculum, research and practice that tend to be urban-oriented. 相似文献
4.
幼儿语言表达能力的培养 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
刘爱云 《安阳师范学院学报》2004,(6):78-81
根据脑生理、心理学家的研究,发现儿童的语言发展经过几个明显的质变:2岁以内是学习本国语言的关键期;2-3岁是口语发展的质变期;4-5岁是口语发展的第二个质变期,也是书面语言发展的关键期;5-6岁是掌握词汇能力的关键期.为了开发幼儿的智力,培养跨世纪人才,适应开放性社会的要求,努力提高幼儿的语言表达能力,应引起广大家长和幼教工作者的高度重视. 相似文献
5.
Susan L. Massey 《Early Childhood Education Journal》2004,31(4):227-231
This article explores conversations between preschool children and their teachers in the classroom environment. Teachers have an opportunity to engage students in cognitively challenging conversations at critical times during the day: book reading, playtime, and mealtimes. The article provides examples of the types of conversations preschool educators can model and facilitate in order to further develop a child's oral language and subsequent literacy skills during the school day. 相似文献
6.
Comparative research in multilingual urban primary schools indicates that the pedagogical and political goals of schooling may operate at cross-purposes. Classroom observations and teacher interview-discussions were conducted in classes for immigrant children in Montreal, Quebec, Canada, where the language of instruction is French, and in classes in Pretoria, Gauteng Province, South Africa, where children from many different language backgrounds are taught in English. Two main themes emerged: (1) pedagogically, effective teacher–learner communication can break down when teachers are unaware of the roles that language and culture play in second language classrooms; (2) politically, efforts to assimilate learners into new socio-cultural/political contexts sometimes take precedence over sound pedagogical practice, such as drawing on the linguistic and cultural repertoire that learners bring to the classroom. This ongoing qualitative research underlines the importance of preparing pre-service and in-service teachers for the linguistic and cultural diversity they are bound to encounter in their classrooms, and of deepening their understanding of the influence of such diversity on the teaching–learning process. 相似文献
7.
Latino dual language children typically enter school with a wide range of proficiencies in Spanish and English, many with low proficiency in both languages, yet do make gains in one or both languages during their first school years. Dual language development is associated with how language is used at home and school, as well as the type of instructional program children receive at school. The present study investigates how changes in both Spanish and English proficiencies of Latino, second-generation immigrant children (n = 163) from kindergarten to second grade relate to instructional program type as well as language use at home and school. A series of MANCOVAs demonstrated significant dual language gains in children who were in bilingual classrooms and schools where Spanish was used among the teachers, students, and staff. Furthermore, only in classrooms where both Spanish and English were used did children reach age-appropriate levels of academic proficiency in both languages. Home language use was also significantly associated with dual language gains as was maternal Spanish vocabulary knowledge before controlling for maternal education. Educational implications and potential benefits associated with bilingualism are discussed. 相似文献
8.
Although not a new discussion in the Irish context, the value of oral language development has recently gained prominence again in Irish Post‐Primary English classrooms. In this article we present how the recent introduction of Junior Cycle English, which now includes an Oral Communication Classroom Based Assessment (CBA) is renewing efforts to promote speaking and listening and has the potential to change teachers’ understanding of assessment in English. The rationale for this change is presented here from the perspectives of the different stakeholders in Irish Education; educational researchers, policymakers, the Inspectorate, teachers and students. To cite the Junior Cycle Framework: ‘until the examination changes, nothing else will’ (NCCA 2011: 6). However, past efforts to implement an oral assessment element illustrate how change is complex and fostering an awareness of the centrality of ‘classroom talk’ involves a cultural shift for the teachers implementing the Junior Cycle English Specification. 相似文献
9.
教师在双语培训口语教学策略中的误区及对策 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
闫新红 《乌鲁木齐职业大学学报》2010,19(3):67-70
教师教学与学习者的学习效果有密切关系。双语口语教师在实施新疆中小学少数民族教师培训口语教学的策略中存在一些误区,针对此问题提出对策,以期民族教师的汉语口语水平得到更大程度的提高。 相似文献
10.
Kristen L. Nugent 《Educational Action Research》2020,28(3):497-517
ABSTRACT This article describes the experience of French language teachers as they explored interculturality within a collaborative professional development environment. Participants studied how to design culture lessons for their classrooms through the lens of Intercultural Communicative Competence with the support of theoretical frameworks for intercultural learning. The findings underscore a need for teacher professional development that creates space for teachers to explore topics of interest in an in-depth and collaborative manner, that makes time for exploration of theoretical frameworks, and that models practical strategies for embedding interculturality in curricula. Furthermore, this study reveals that explicit examples of intercultural lessons taught while using the target language are needed in order for language teachers to gain confidence in this area. 相似文献
11.
Teachers in toddler classrooms are important agents of emotion socialization. The current study examined teachers’ use of emotion minimizing language in toddler classrooms and toddlers’ social emotional competence. Teachers’ emotion minimizing language is described as language that purposefully distances them from a child’s emotions and discourages children’s expression of their emotions. Research Findings: Results indicate a negative relationship between teachers’ emotion minimizing language and toddlers’ social emotional competence when program quality, child age, and child gender are controlled. Practice or Policy: Implications relevant to teacher preparation programs and professional development are discussed, with a primary focus on the methods by which teachers are trained to use language to respond to young children’s emotions. 相似文献
12.
Nowadays,incorporating cooperative groups and group activities are very common in oral English classroom.By using group dy namics teachers can provide students with large blocks of time for authentic communication,while keeping the class focused in English.This paper discusses the importance of group dynamics in the oral English classroom and gives teachers some ideas about group dynamics in language classrooms. 相似文献
13.
Joyce Purdy 《Literacy》2008,42(1):44-51
In Canada, as in other anglophone countries, classrooms are becoming more diverse as the number of English language learners (ELLs) increases. More and more teachers are faced with the task of meeting the needs of culturally and linguistically diverse students. In this article, I share excerpts of dialogue between ELL students, native English‐speaking children and their teacher during guided reading events. Excerpts will illustrate how conversations around texts during reading activities can shape and extend the construction of meaning for the benefit of all, but especially for ELL students. Based on Vygotsky's (1986) proposition that learning is socially situated, I suggest four ways for teachers to structure meaningful conversations: through questioning, teaching vocabulary, engaging in collaborative talk and recognising that the culture and identity of the child are important to literacy learning. 相似文献
14.
Educational disadvantage remains a serious issue in Irish society. Research has suggested that differing styles and levels of competence in oral language may have implications for educational attainment across socio-economic groups. The current study involved an examination of the oral language competence of Irish children in Junior Infants in DEIS (Delivering Equality of Opportunity in Schools) and Non-DEIS schools. DEIS schools are those which have been granted entry to DEIS, the most recent governmental scheme for tackling educational disadvantage in Ireland, following identification of a significant level of need. Non-DEIS schools are those which have not gained access to the scheme due to a lower level of assessed need. Two samples of children were assessed. The first sample included 23 children from a DEIS school and 27 children from a Non-DEIS school, located in the East of the country. The second sample included 35 children from 2 DEIS schools located in the Southwest and 28 children from 2 Non-DEIS schools located in the Northwest. Children's receptive language was assessed using the British Picture Vocabulary Scale III, which is a standardised measure of receptive vocabulary. Their expressive language was assessed through the collection of a language sample, which enabled the calculation of variables representing gross language development (Mean Length of Utterance), vocabulary diversity and syntactic development. The results demonstrated that differences between the two groups of children in both samples were largely of small or trivial effect size and not statistically significant, suggesting a negligible to small effect of socio-economic status on oral language competence. 相似文献
15.
Quality of Language and Literacy Instruction in Preschool Classrooms Serving At-Risk Pupils 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
Policy-makers, administrators, researchers, and teachers are increasingly vested in ensuring the quality of preschool instruction, particularly in the areas of language and literacy. This research was conducted to characterize the quality of language and literacy instruction in 135 publicly-funded preschool classrooms serving at-risk pupils. As all teachers in these classrooms were implementing the same language and literacy curriculum, we also studied the interrelationships among procedural fidelity to a prescribed curriculum and the quality of language and literacy instruction, determining whether procedural fidelity is associated or disassociated with quality instruction. Results showed that the quality of language and literacy instruction in classrooms was low, with few teachers delivering high quality instruction. Although teachers were able to implement a prescribed language and literacy curriculum with a high degree of procedural fidelity, this was not associated with quality instruction. Few structural characteristics of classrooms of teachers were systematically associated with quality of instruction. Findings have important implications for professional development of teachers by suggesting a need for a sustained and coherent focus on the process of instruction to elevate instructional quality in language and literacy. 相似文献
16.
Laura P. McAvinue 《Irish Educational Studies》2013,32(4):475-503
International studies have documented large effects of SES on oral language competence and researchers have suggested that differences in oral language competence at school entry may be one factor contributing to educational disadvantage. The current study made use of data provided by the Growing Up in Ireland survey in order to quantify the association between SES and oral language competence in a nationally representative sample of young Irish children. Specifically, the association between SES (operationalised as income, occupational status and education) and expressive vocabulary was quantified in samples of 3 and 5-year-old children. In order to place the Irish figures within an international context, parallel analyses were performed using data provided through the UK-based Millennium Cohort Study. The results revealed a statistically significant association between SES and vocabulary within the Irish sample, which was linear in nature, small in magnitude and which declined in strength from the 3-year to the 5-year sample. Parallel analyses with the UK data revealed a stronger association and it was concluded that the association between SES and oral language competence may be weaker in the Irish context than that reported internationally. 相似文献
17.
口语表达在现代信息社会中是应用最广泛的交际方式。师范学校应重视对学生口语能力的培养,在对学生进行口语能力培养的过程中,语文教师担负着不可推委的责任,语文教师不仅要自己能说会道,而且还要培养学生能讲会说,因此在对学生进行口语训练的过程中,语文教师首先应端正认识,其次要作示范,其三要提供方法,只有这样,对学生的口语训练才会卓有成效。 相似文献
18.
Ayşe Eser Başyurt Tüzel 《欧洲师范教育杂志》2009,32(3):271-287
This study investigates the challenges that non‐native pre‐service English teachers (Haluk, Gaye, Selin, Öznur and Serkan) experience in their target language use when they do their practicum in actual language classrooms. This study found that the common difficulties the student teachers encounter related to certain grammatical structures, explaining unknown words to students, modifying language according to students’ level, and authenticity of the classroom language. During this study, the target language awareness training session was offered by the university supervisor in order to improve the student teachers’ target language use in the classroom. The training sessions included classroom observations, feedback sessions, semi‐structured interviews, retrospective protocols and discussion meetings with the student teachers. The findings indicated that the language awareness training had a positive impact on the target language use of the pre‐service English teachers. Furthermore, this study discusses the curriculum and the requirements of the language teacher education programme in an EFL setting and makes suggestions for the professional development of non‐native pre‐service language teachers. 相似文献
19.
Andrea Nolan Louise Paatsch Janet Scull 《International Journal of Research & Method in Education》2018,41(5):536-547
Using video as a mode of data generation in research involving young children and their teachers has become a more common practice in educational research. Digital video recordings provide the opportunity to capture the complexity of interactions that occur between people, time, space and objects, however, working with this methodology and form of data can be complex and challenging. This paper focuses on the use of video as a methodology to understand teachers’ tacit knowledge of practice that supports young children’s oral language. This study explores four specific viewpoints that have been employed to investigate teachers’ practice: (1) camera, (2) teacher, (3) researcher and (4) peers. From our analysis of the affordances of the differing viewpoints, we propose that what can be ‘seen’ is directly impacted by the understandings of those involved in the research process in relation to data capture, viewing and analysing the data. We argue that these viewpoints are not neutral or mutually exclusive rather they should be considered complementary and supplementary in building a comprehensive understanding of teachers’ tacit knowledge of literacy practice. 相似文献
20.
Sheila Degotardi Amy Gill 《Early Years: An International Journal of Research and Development》2019,39(1):97-113
This study examined infant educators’ beliefs about infant language development in the context of early childhood classrooms. Participants were 59 educators who were employed to work directly with under-two-year-old children. Educators were interviewed to determine their understandings of infant language development and Grounded Theory qualitative techniques were used to develop a conceptual model which illustrates their perceptions of the relationships between contextual, personal and teaching and learning components of their classroom contexts. The model provides a means of conceptualising ‘insider’ practitioner voices on how, as a dynamic system, contextual, individual and pedagogical components mutually interact to bring about the kinds of experiences and interactions that can shape language development. Findings have implications for understanding educators’ perspectives on infant room quality, suggesting that issues related to educator-infant ratios, staff consistency, qualifications and professional knowledge about language development processes may impact efforts to provide intentional language development support. 相似文献