共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 250 毫秒
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基于中国教育追踪调查2014年数据,利用倾向得分匹配法和中介模型探讨课外补习对学生非认知能力的影响以及家庭背景、课外补习和学生非认知能力三者的路径机制,研究发现:参加课外补习的学生非认知能力平均得分明显高于未参加课外补习的学生.采用倾向得分匹配法分析发现,学生参加课外补习有助于提高非认知能力,兴趣类课外补习对学生非认知能力的影响效应高于学术类课外补习.兴趣类课外补习在家庭社会经济地位对学生非认知能力影响过程中起到了部分中介效应,而学术类课外补习并没有显著的中介效应.因此,一方面家庭应更多的选择兴趣类课外补习进行投资,提高学生非认知能力.另一方面学校应加强美育教育,重视学生非认知能力的培养. 相似文献
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人力资本发展对家庭和经济社会高质量发展至关重要.对我国家庭父母陪伴与儿童入力资本发展的关系进行考察发现,父母陪伴对初中学龄儿童认知与非认知能力的发展均有显著影响.其中,亲子陪伴时间的投入会显著提高儿童的认知能力和非认知能力;督导时间的投入对儿童认知能力的发展有一定的抑制效应,但能显著提升儿童的非认知能力;娱乐时间的投入对儿童非认知能力的发展有显著的正向促进效应,但对儿童认知能力发展的影响不明显.通过异质性分析发现,上述发展关系在儿童性别、户籍、出生顺序、留守与否,以及不同的陪伴主体等不同特征群体具有显著的组间差异.进一步分析表明,父母陪伴主要通过提高与学校的交互程度、提升儿童学习的积极性等来促进其子女的人力资本发展. 相似文献
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家庭人力资本投资对儿童学业成绩的影响——基于CEPS追踪数据的多层线性模型分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
基于家庭决策模型,构建人力资本投资对儿童学业成绩影响的理论模型,利用中国人民大学中国调查与数据中心的中国教育追踪调查数据(CEPS),采用多层线性模型的回归方法,实证探讨了家庭人力资本投资对子代学业成绩的影响.结果发现:女生在语文、英语科目上的学业表现显著优于男生,而初三学生的学业成绩则优于初一学生;家庭人力资本存量与儿童学业成绩表现出正相关性,但城镇与农村存在着一定的差异,而家庭经济条件则反向掣肘儿童学业成绩的提升;课外补习班能够提高城镇学生的学业水平,但补习质量的城乡差距却不利于提高农村学生的学业成绩,并且课外支出并非表现为越多越好;家庭教育期望则正向显著影响儿童学业成绩. 相似文献
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利用中国教育追踪调查2014年数据(CEPS),比较分析了我国初中生课外补习支出现状,探讨了初中生课外补习支出的影响因素.研究结果显示:学习成绩、家庭因素、学校因素和地区因素均对学生课外补习支出有显著影响.学生学习成绩越好,学校质量越高,其课外补习支出越低,表明我国初中生的课外补习主要为"补差型";在我国初中阶段,有超过一半的学生在参加课外补习,而且学生课外补习支出占家庭教育总支出的比重也越来越大,加重了许多家庭特别是弱势阶层家庭的经济负担.政府应高度重视课外补习,规范和管理课外补习市场,努力提高主流教育质量,向社会弱势阶层家庭提供课外补习费用等补贴,从而促进义务教育的公平及均衡发展. 相似文献
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课外补习对义务教育留守儿童学业成绩的影响研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文利用2013年全国六省市义务教育阶段学生课后活动基线调查数据,比较了留守儿童与非留守儿童在参与课外补习活动上的差异,探讨了课外补习对留守儿童学业成绩的影响。研究得出以下主要结论:留守儿童的学业成绩显著低于非留守儿童;留守儿童比非留守儿童更加积极地参加课外补习;课外补习有助于学校质量较高、成绩较好的留守儿童缩小其与非留守儿童的成绩差距,但对学校质量和成绩较差的留守儿童缩小其与非留守儿童的成绩差距帮助不大。因此,学校和家长需要重视留守儿童与非留守儿童的学业成绩差距,为不同类型留守儿童提供不同方式的学习援助,帮助他们缩小与非留守儿童学业成绩的差距。 相似文献
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基于PISA2012中国上海和美国的数据,本研究比较了学校、个人等因素对两地学生参与课外补习机构的可能性和时间的影响.结果表明,我国上海学生课外补习机构的参与率和参与强度都明显高于美国.学业成绩对两地学生参与课外补习的时间产生了显著正影响,课外补习在美国发挥着"补差"功能,但成绩较好的中国学生参与课外补习的时间更多;两地私立学校的学生更可能参与课外补习,但课外补习在中国上海有传递家庭资源优势的作用,美国尚未发现家庭背景的显著影响.研究还发现,参与课外补习与家庭成员辅导呈现互补关系,重视家庭成员辅导的家庭也重视课外补习. 相似文献
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"双减"政策的有效落实需要精准识别学生选择参与课外补习的深层原因,研究我国中小学生首次参与课外补习时间能够为疏解家长和学生的课外补习需求提供实证依据。本文基于2017中国教育财政家庭调查(CIEFR-HS 2017)数据,采用生存分析的方法,对我国中小学生首次参与课外补习时间进行了刻画,探讨了家庭社会经济背景对学生首次参与课外补习时间的影响。研究发现:(1)我国中小学生大多数参加过课外补习,且许多学生在较低年级就参加了课外补习。(2)我国中小学生首次参与学科类课外补习时间明显早于兴趣类课外补习,随着年级的升高这一差异更为凸显。(3)城乡地区和不同阶层家庭的学生首次参与课外补习时间存在显著差异,但这种差异随着学段的上升而逐渐缩小。(4)家庭社会经济背景对学生首次参与课外补习时间有显著正影响,家庭社会经济背景越好的学生首次参与学科类和兴趣类课外补习时间均越早,但这种差异随着学生学段的上升而减小。"双减"政策背景下,建议政府进一步提高学校教育质量和校内课后服务品质,更好满足家长和学生对个性化教育的需求;重点照顾弱势阶层家庭,为学习成绩较差的弱势阶层学生提供校内学业辅导帮助;引导家长理性选择课... 相似文献
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随着课外补习的日渐盛行,相关研究的数量显著增长,有助于人们更好地理解补习的规模、性质及其政策启示等等,但这一研究领域仍处于发展初期.在现有文献中,在课外补习的概念界定上,还较为混乱;课外补习数据的收集亦比较困难,一方面调查对象可能没有能力提供所需信息或者不愿意透露相关补习信息,另一方面课外补习的调查问卷设计也有难度,问题设计难以做到既精确又能被调查对象完全理解;已有研究尝试用定量、定性或混合方法来分析课外补习的数据,在此基础上研究者还需基于特定的理论视角和分析框架对课外补习的现象及相关研究问题进行阐释;比较教育提供了一个有用的分析视角,但在进行课外补习的国际比较时需格外谨慎.这一研究领域在不断发展,课外补习这一现象将会得到更好的研究和深入的理解. 相似文献
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薛海平 《北京大学教育评论》2015,(3):47-69
本文使用中国家庭追踪调查2012年数据(CFPS 2012),研究了我国义务教育阶段在校生的课外补习活动,发现来自较好家庭社会经济背景以及大中城市的学生更可能接受课外补习;重点校和学习成绩较好的学生参加课外补习的可能性也更高;课外补习对学生数学成绩有提高作用,但对语文成绩的提高作用不明显.由此,本文得出以下主要研究结论:我国义务教育阶段的课外补习活动扩大了城乡和不同阶层义务教育学生获得教育资源和教育结果的差距,影子教育因此成为城乡和阶层差距在代际间维持和传递的一个重要通道,影子教育的社会再生产功能削弱了当前政府在学校教育中的公平政策中的努力成效,对实现义务教育公平目标构成了严重挑战.面对挑战,政府需要提高学校教育服务质量,对影子教育进行适当管控,抑制影子教育的社会再生产功能并促进教育跨越代际效应功能的发挥. 相似文献
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The Special-Contracted Teacher Scheme, a supplement to the traditional mode of teacher supply, has been implemented for 17 years and the teaching quality of those teachers has gained a lot of attention. Using data of teachers and students from the sample counties in four central and western provincial-level administrative units, this paper studies how special-contracted teachers have affected students’ academic performance and non-cognitive ability according to the student development framework of the new human capital theory, and how those effects vary among different teacher groups. Results show that while special-contracted teachers have helped improve the academic performance of rural students, their role is limited in improving students’ non-cognitive ability. At the same time, female special-contracted teachers and those without a normal major play an obviously bigger role in raising students’ academic performance. The conclusion is that special-contracted teachers can to some extent help narrow the urban-rural gap in academic performance, but more research needs to be done to better understand their effects on students’ non-cognitive ability. 相似文献
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基于中国教育追踪调查基线数据,研究通过构建多层线性模型,分析我国初中生家庭劳动现状,探究家庭劳动与初中生能力发展的关系。研究发现:12.1%的初中生不参与家庭劳动,且不同特征的初中生家庭劳动时间存在显著差异;1小时以内的家庭劳动有助于提高初中生学业成绩和认知能力;家庭劳动对初中生开放性、外倾性和宜人性等非认知能力有显著正向影响,有利于促进学生非认知能力的发展。因此,家长要重视劳动教育,在家庭教育中有机融入劳动教育,并且需遵循学生身心发展规律,开展合适的家庭劳动。同时,各方要积极构建以家庭为主体,以学校为引导,以社区为支持的内外交织、多元协同的家庭劳动教育体系。 相似文献
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当前,许多媒体正在构建着关于抑郁症的种种"神话",认为抑郁症是一种"天才病",高级知识分子更易得抑郁症,但是关于教育和抑郁关系的实证研究国内却很少。基于中国家庭追踪调查数据,在控制了原生家庭背景和个人健康禀赋的前提下,关于教育对成年人抑郁情绪的影响效应和内在机制的研究表明:(1)教育对抑郁有着显著的影响,但并非简单的线性关系,而是存在着"健康红利"的上限。随着受教育程度的提升,抑郁水平会存在先下降后上升的"U"型态势,其临界点在于是否接受过高等教育。抑郁症确实更加青睐那些拥有研究生及以上学历的高知识阶层。(2)教育对于抑郁的影响存在着明显的年龄效应,会伴随着个体生命周期呈现出不同的模式与特征。随着年龄的增长,高学历群体的抑郁水平会逐渐下降。(3)教育能够通过改善个体的健康与认知能力,以及提升个体的社会经济地位从而降低其抑郁水平。"社会化机制"在其中发挥着重要的作用,教育更多是通过改善个体的自我认知与自我管理能力从而增进个体的心理健康水平的。上述结论意味着:在常规的学校教育之外,政府还可协同企事业单位和社会组织等加强对于社会公众的健康知识宣传与教育,提升公众的健康认知能力,培育公众良好的运动习惯。 相似文献
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Promoting an educated labor force is critical for emerging economies. Educational achievement, in turn, depends heavily on general cognitive abilities as well as non-cognitive skills, such as grit. Current research, however, has not examined how cognition and grit may explain the academic performance of students in an economically disadvantaged context. Thus, this study examines how IQ and grit contribute to academic achievement gains for students in poor areas of rural China. Drawing on data from 2931 students in rural China, we measure general cognitive ability, using the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children, Fourth Edition (WISC-IV) and Raven’s Standard Progressive Matrices (Raven IQ); non-cognitive ability, using the Short Grit Scale; and academic achievement, using a curricular-based mathematics exam. We find that IQ and grit each predict achievement gains for the average student. Grit is not positively associated with achievement gains among low-IQ students, however, suggesting that grit does not translate into academic achievement gains for students with delays in general cognitive ability. 相似文献
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Karin Guill Oliver Lüdtke Jasmin Schwanenberg 《British Educational Research Journal》2020,46(2):437-457
More and more students attend private supplementary tutoring to improve their academic achievement. Private tutoring might be understood as a reaction to insufficient instructional quality in school, especially regarding individual support. However, it might also be possible that parents generally see insufficient grades as an indicator of lacking support and engage a tutor in hopes of improvement or to enhance a competitive edge for their children. So far, the relationship between tutoring attendance and perceived individual learning support during classroom lessons has not been tested. We used multilevel analyses based on N = 2,842 students in 102 Grade 5 classrooms at German academic track schools to test for a relationship between private tutoring in several subjects and students’ shared perception of the instructional quality in these subjects. On the individual level, we controlled for typical predictors of private tutoring such as academic achievement and family income, as well as for additional variables such as working behaviour and parental homework assistance. In classrooms with more individual support, students were less likely to start private tutoring in English. However, we did not find comparable relationships for tutoring in mathematics and German. Therefore, school principals and educational policy-makers should monitor the incidence of private tutoring and consider within-school structured tutoring programmes as an effective measure to improve academic achievement and to meet parents’ desire for individualised instruction. 相似文献
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周金燕 《北京大学教育评论》2021,19(1):87-108
过去十多年,非认知技能研究迅速兴起,但测量方法的滞后性制约了实证研究的推进。本文建构了一个测量框架,包括成就目标、人际合作和情绪管理三个维度,每个维度包含若干项技能;并选取和修订了相应的量表用以测量,然后应用这个测量框架及工具对中国六省市72所小学、初中和高中的学生进行了测量。研究发现:第一,中小学生在成就和情绪管理方面的非认知表现(包括坚韧性、学校参与、自尊)随学段上升趋于下降,但合作水平随学段提高上升;第二,女生的非认知发展水平高于男生,但随学段上升,两者出现趋同;第三,“双留守儿童”的非认知发展处于困境;第四,不同家庭背景学生的非认知技能表现有显著差异,但学校之间的差异不明显。 相似文献
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Husaina Banu Kenayathulla 《Asia Pacific Education Review》2013,14(4):629-644
Private tutoring has been a burgeoning phenomenon in Malaysia for decades. This study examines the determinants of private tutoring expenditures in Malaysia using the 2004/2005 Household Expenditures Survey and applies hurdle regression models to the data. The results indicate that total household expenditures, household head’s level of education, household head’s gender, number of school-age children, and home ownership are important determinants of private tutoring expenditures in Malaysia. In comparison with Malay households, Chinese and Indian households have a higher likelihood of enrolling their children in private tutoring and spending on private tutoring. Indigenous households are less likely to spend for tutoring, but once their children are enrolled, they spend more than their Malay counterparts. Regional characteristics are also important determinants of private tutoring expenditures. 相似文献
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Vít Šťastný 《欧洲教育》2016,48(1):1-22
The study contributes to the literature on private supplementary tutoring by shedding light on this phenomenon in the Czech Republic. The aim of the paper is to identify the reasons for seeking out private supplementary tutoring and to assess the factors underlying its demand. In the representative sample of 1,265 senior upper-secondary school students from two distinct regions of the Czech Republic, 37% acknowledged participation in private tutoring lessons (provided by individuals) and 10% reported enrollment in preparatory courses for university admission (organized by institutions) during their upper-secondary studies. It seems that both enrollment in different educational tracks and specific school subjects are associated with different reasons for taking private tutoring lessons. The results of binary logistic regression suggest that the mother’s educational attainment, family income, students’ academic performance, residence in the capital city, and female gender are significant predictors of students’ enrollment and participation in the explored private tutoring activities. These findings confirm the strong influence of family background on educational attainment identified in previous Czech social-stratification research. In a wider European context, the patterns of private supplementary tutoring resemble those in neighboring countries. 相似文献