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Richard K. Morton 《College Teaching》2013,61(2):84-86
ABSTRACTOnline discussions are widely viewed as a valuable tool for encouraging student engagement and promoting interaction with course material outside of the traditional classroom. Strategies for conducting online discussions vary and are not confined to traditional, university-sponsored learning management systems (LMS). Social media platforms such as Facebook, which provide a variety of social benefits to students, might also represent a viable mechanism for educational information exchange and learning. Our study tested this proposition by comparing the effects of a Facebook-based and LMS-based online discussion forum on students' participation, achievement of learning goals, and overall course performance. Our findings suggest that different forums can affect classroom dynamics and student learning in different ways. While Facebook may be better at fostering student participation and encouraging peer-to-peer dialogue, the university-sponsored LMS may be a more effective tool for encouraging students to develop coherent arguments and apply course content in other contexts. Since this study shows that platform of an online discussion assignment matters, college instructors should consider the benefits and drawbacks of each platform before developing an online discussion assignment. Instructor choice of platform should depend on course content, instructor's teaching preferences, and online discussion assignment goals. 相似文献
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Fully online courses are becoming progressively more popular because of their “anytime anywhere” learning flexibility. One of the ways students interact with each other and with the instructors within fully online learning environments is via asynchronous discussion forums. However, student engagement in online discussion forums does not always take place automatically and there is a lack of clarity about the ideal role of the instructors in them. In this article, we report on our research on the quality of discussion in fully online courses through analysis of discussion forum activities. We have conducted our research on two large fully online subjects for computing students over two consecutive semesters and used a grounded theoretic approach for data analysis. Our results reveal what students and instructors consider as quality interaction in fully online courses. We also propose two frameworks based on our findings that can be used to ensure effective online interaction. 相似文献
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Sally J. Baldwin 《The American journal of distance education》2019,33(3):195-211
As online education continues to grow, instructors from traditional classrooms are being asked to design online courses. In this study, data from interviews with thirty-three public four-year college and university instructors, who had experience designing online courses, were used to understand the instructor’s perspective on online course design. Using grounded theory, data were analyzed, sorted, and coded to uncover the strategies instructors use to design online courses. Results revealed instructors adapt to the online environment by using strategies to mimic elements of face-to-face courses: in essence, adaption comes through assimilation. Instructors expressed interest in helping students navigate online to encourage active participation in courses. They described using technology and learning management system (LMS) features (e.g., videos, discussion forums) to “hear” and “see” students, as a way to increase interaction and presence, familiar elements from face-to-face education. They spoke of creating authentic assignments to increase student engagement. The implications of this study include effective design and instructional strategies for online courses, as well as understanding the motivation of instructors who design online courses. The study results are relevant to a broad audience including online instructors, instructional designers, LMS organizations, and administrators. 相似文献
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Margaret Perrow 《College Teaching》2017,65(3):97-105
There is currently strong and widespread support among university administrators for blended learning at the college level, or courses that incorporate some degree of online instruction. As instructors are called on to incorporate online and face-to-face elements into their instruction, they face the critical question of how to intentionally connect the two modalities in ways that strengthen learning. This article first outlines the historical context of social-constructivism's presence in online instruction, and then presents a rationale for the use of “crossover” discussion protocols that connect online forums and face-to-face discussions. The article argues that by drawing deliberately on the benefits of both online and in-person learning environments, crossover protocols help students make more insightful connections among ideas and push their own—and each others'—thinking in unexpected ways. A set of crossover protocols is then provided, along with considerations for implementing them effectively. These practical strategies for facilitating conversations across the two modalities were developed in the author's undergraduate and graduate level courses in English and education and are adaptable across course levels and disciplines. The article concludes with a discussion of how students experience the learning benefits of crossover protocols. 相似文献
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Knowledge building community: Keys for using online forums 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Qing Li 《TechTrends》2004,48(4):24-29
Conclusion “The need for learning in a knowledge-based society is more important than ever, including traditional classroom teaching,
online learning, and/or blended learning” (Levitch & Milheim, 2003). Accordingly, learning in a technology-supported collaborative
knowledge building community is more desirable than ever. Whether in distance or blended learning, online forums can provide
either an exclusive discussion or a supplement to in-class discussion. Through thoughtful planning and careful implementation,
online forums can be used in “creative ways to help students internalize knowledge and share ideas in enjoyable and exchange
environments” (Raleigh, 2000). Successful employment of online forums can foster knowledge building community in which desired
student qualities are cultivated. 相似文献
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《The Internet and Higher Education》2006,9(3):229-240
Teaching via distance requires inventive instructional strategies to facilitate an optimum learning experience. This qualitative research study evaluated the effect of one unique online teaching strategy called “photovoice” [Wang, C., & Burris, M. (1997). Photovoice: Concept, methodology, and use for participatory needs assessment. Health Education Behavior, 24, 369–387]. While this technique was originally created as a data collection strategy for participatory research, this study utilized a modified version of photovoice (PV) to involve learners actively in the online education process. The findings of this preliminary study show that graduate students who were studying online reported numerous positive effects related to this teaching approach. Specifically, photographic images used in online courses captured students' attention, stimulated creative thinking, and created community. This paper outlines these three key themes and describes how PV enacts two of Chickering and Gamson's [Chickering, A. W., & Gamson, Z. F. (1987). Seven principles for good practice in undergraduate education. American Association for Health Education Bulletin, 39(7), 3–6] principles of effective online education. Additionally, the findings are situated within the Community of Inquiry Model (COI) proposed by Rourke, Anderson, Garrison and Archer [Rourke, L., Anderson, T., Garrison, D., & Archer, W. (2001). Assessing social presence in asynchronous text-based computer conferencing. Journal of Distance Education, 14(2)] and Rovai and Barnum's [Rovai, A., & Barnum, K. (2003). On-line course effectiveness: An analysis of student interaction and perception of learning. Journal of Distance Education, 18(1), 57–73] research on the development of community online. All findings are also reviewed from a constructivist theory framework. 相似文献
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Joan L. Whipp R. A. Lorentz 《Educational technology research and development : ETR & D》2009,57(2):169-192
While literature suggests that college students may be less reluctant to seek help in online rather than traditional courses,
little is known about how online instructors give help in ways that lead to increased student help seeking and academic success.
In this study, we used theories and research on learning assistance and scaffolding, teacher immediacy, social presence, and
academic help seeking to explore through a cross-case study design how three online instructors differed in their use of cognitive
and social supports and how those differences related to student perceptions of support, help seeking, and performance. Primary
data sources included all course postings by the instructors, interviews with the instructors, observational field notes on
course discussions, student interviews, and final student grades. Archived course documents and student discussion postings
were secondary data sources. Data analysis revealed that while all instructors provided cognitive and social support, they
varied in their level of questioning, use of direct instruction, support for task structuring, and attention to group dynamics.
This variation in teaching presence related to differences across the courses in student perceptions of support, student help
seeking in course discussions, and final course grades. Implications for online teaching and suggestions for further research
are offered.
相似文献
| Joan L. WhippEmail: |
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Cass M. Johnson 《Education and Information Technologies》2016,21(6):1483-1507
As colleges continue to expand online offerings, student participation within courses should be assessed to ensure that teachers can best implement effective, responsible lesson plans. This study examined discourse in an online classroom in order to gauge student participation by observing student-to-student and student-to-instructor exchanges within the discussion board. Classroom discourse was analyzed using Stahl’s computer supported collaborative learning methodology. Data was collected to assess development of classroom dialogue through group collaboration, and to determine whether participants were interpreting previous posts and contributing to the development of the discussion topic. This study shows that students within the online classroom were able to construct deeper meanings in classroom dialogues through thoughtful and personal contributions, thereby reaching new understandings through collaborative discussion. This study contends that through insightful planning and guided responses, instructors can manage online classroom discussions to better direct student communications in order to improve collaborative learning and knowledge construction. 相似文献
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Andri Ioannou Skevi Demetriou Maria Mama 《The American journal of distance education》2013,27(3):183-195
Although lots of studies have investigated collaborative knowledge construction in online courses, the factors influencing this process are yet to be fully determined. This study provides quantitative and qualitative types of evidence on how (naturally emerged) student facilitation and quality of initial postings influence collaborative knowledge construction in online discussions. We analyzed the discourse of nine student groups (N = 34) working on a case problem in an online discussion forum. We found that student facilitation was an important contributor to the process. In contrast, the contribution of low-quality postings in early stages of the discussion can jeopardize the process. This work is an attempt to address quality in online learning by helping instructors decide on encouraging student facilitation in online discussions as well as structuring and carefully monitoring the content of initial discussion postings. 相似文献
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《The Internet and Higher Education》2006,9(3):153-162
This study developed a quantitative methodology to ascertain lead indicators of student sense of community whilst undertaking a course of study. Study participants (N = 464) were drawn from students enrolled in undergraduate and postgraduate Education units within a large Australian metropolitan university. Through juxtaposing student online behaviours with an online survey, the data demonstrates that students and study units with greater frequencies of communication interactions possess stronger levels of sense of community as determined by Rovai's [Rovai, A.P. (2002b). Development of an instrument to measure classroom community. Internet and Higher Education, 5(3), 197–211.] Classroom Community Scale (CCS). As a result of the identification of this relationship utilising a quantitative process, education practitioners and managers now possess the formative evaluative tools and indicators necessary to gauge student sense of community on an ongoing basis. Therefore, education managers and practitioners have the capacity to monitor and alter the learning and teaching practices designed and implemented to promote community among the student cohort in a just-in-time environment. 相似文献
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Conclusion This case study suggests that the process of designing and facilitating hybrid courses in the island community of American
Samoa required continuous negotiation with respect to the pace of instruction and the acculturation to online learning. The
need for gentle transitions, such as constructing the face-to-face community before rushing into the online community, was
apparent for instructors and students. Without honoring the local community, and making time for its renewal on a regular
basis, the online community would be difficult, if not impossible, to sustain.
The feeling of isolation that characterizes many online experiences is often compounded when one is geographically isolated
on an island. It was obvious that the presence of a local teaching assistant was essential in bridging the physical and psychological
gap between students and online instructor. Before and after each online activity it was important to take time to discuss
in face-to-face sessions the questions and concerns that had arisen while engaged in online activities. These sessions, facilitated
by a local instructor, reinforced the sense of community that is so important in this island culture and helped students overcome
the challenges inherent in online learning.
The importance of honoring the traditions of an oral culture, particularly in an island community, underscores the need to
purposefully employ information and communication technologies in a hybrid course. Asynchronous communication such as email
and discussion forums allows the widest participation because of low bandwidth internet requirements. However, synchronous
modes of communication seem to provide the most natural transition from the oral to digital cultures. Chat sessions and videoconferencing
offer students with access to broad bandwidth connections the opportunity to interact directly. Videoconferencing seemed the
most successful technology for accommodating American Samoan students’ need for oral expression and visual connections with
their distant instructor.
Ultimately, instructors must strive for a delicate balance while constructing a hybrid classroom that introduces online learning
activities to relative novices. To achieve a healthy equilibrium, instructors must pay heed to the cultural context, social
needs and technical constraints of their learning community, fostering a learning environment that simultaneously honors oral
traditions and textual innovations, enables synchronous and asynchronous communication and accommodates low bandwidth access
while experimenting with broadband technologies. 相似文献
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ABSTRACT This paper examines the online learning experience as related to work–life balance from the student’s perspective. Four open-ended discussion questions were asked of 302 students in sixteen graduate business courses, over a three-year period. Two hundred and ten students voluntarily responded with their observations and perceptions of their personal online learning experience and how this experience impacted their work/life/school balance. This paper, using content analysis and qualitative coding, is focused on understanding the student’s perception of how online learning impacts their work–life balance, especially as compared to brick-and-mortar classroom learning. This paper concludes that online learning can enhance work–life balance for most students, especially when compared to the alternative of traditional fixed time and place classroom learning. 相似文献
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Michael J. Borst 《Christian Higher Education》2017,16(4):255-265
This article presents the results of a retrospective controlled study conducted in a graduate occupational therapy program. The study examined the effect that an online discussion targeting integration of faith and learning had on student perceptions of instructor effectiveness in relating faith to learning. This study addresses the following question: Does the addition of a single online discussion targeting integration of faith and learning in graduate occupational therapy courses significantly increase student ratings on a course evaluation question addressing faith–learning integration? This study also asked two secondary questions:1. Do online students and face-to-face students both respond favorably to the addition of an online discussion targeting faith–learning integration?2. Do students in three different courses all respond favorably to the addition of an online discussion targeting the integration of faith and learning?Data were collected from three different courses taught by the same professor between Fall 2009 and Fall 2013 (four sections of each course; N = 138). The ordinal data were analyzed using nonparametric tests to determine significant differences and effect sizes. The results indicated that the addition of a single online discussion addressing faith–learning integration can significantly increase student perceptions of instructor effectiveness in such integration within graduate occupational therapy coursework, both in face-to-face and online learning environments. These findings provide support for the use of online discussions to challenge students to integrate Christian faith beliefs with what they are learning in their area of study. 相似文献
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Paul L. Witt 《Community College Journal of Research & Practice》2013,37(5):423-434
A growing number of community college faculty incorporate Internet technology into their course delivery, including the use of a supplemental Web site for classroom courses. This study employed hypothetical scenarios and experimental research design to examine students’ initial perceptions of teacher credibility and their expectations for learning in the presence of and absence of a course Web site. Three hypotheses predicted that the availability of a supplemental course Web site would positively influence certain student attitudes about the instructors and expected learning in the courses, but none of the hypotheses was supported. The neutral responses of these students stand in contrast to the very positive attitudes of instructors who create such sites and deem them to be essential to successful course delivery. The article concludes with a discussion of the disparate viewpoints of students and teachers. 相似文献
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Interest in understanding what constitutes effective instruction online continues to grow as more universities adopt mediated formats for teaching. However, engaging students in productive, content-related conversation in online courses remains challenging. Several variables may influence student willingness to talk in online classes – procedural justice, affect towards the instructor, and perceived cognitive learning – each with probable direct and indirect effects on student inclinations for communicating in the classroom. This study proposes a model predicting student willingness to talk in online classes. Results indicate initial support for the proposed model, and practical implications for instructors teaching online courses are suggested. 相似文献
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Betcy Jose Michael Berry Leah Andrews 《The American journal of distance education》2013,27(4):262-275
ABSTRACTThis study investigates whether differences in learning styles exist between students in online and face-to-face (FTF) sections of political science courses taught by three instructors. Some studies suggest that student preferences regarding online or FTF formats are influenced by their preferred modes of learning. Independent learners, for example, may prefer online courses since they provide individualistic opportunities to study outside of the traditional classroom. This study uses original survey data to assign students one of six learning styles in order to assess whether independent learners are more common in online courses. Our analysis finds no significant differences in independent learners when comparing the two formats. This finding runs counter to studies that argue that independent learners tend to prefer online courses. In fact, the only learning style where we observe a meaningful difference among online and FTF formats is among dependent learners. Contrary to expectation, students enrolled in online versions demonstrated a greater tendency toward dependent modes of learning. Further survey responses suggest that student lifestyle drove course format selection rather than learning style. These findings have important implications for universities that increasingly turn to online courses to address decreasing enrollments and attempt to remedy the high attrition rates associated with those courses. 相似文献
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《The Internet and Higher Education》2007,10(3):204-211
This study provides an example of one institution's efforts to design coursework that meets the simultaneous challenges of supporting the aims of increasing access to online courses and simultaneously better preparing teachers to work in diverse classrooms. Based on online pre- and post-surveys and monthly open-ended writing prompts administered to students in an introductory teacher preparation course, the study sought to discover students' motivation to select online or blended courses, student perspectives on the benefits and challenges to taking this course online, characteristics of the learning environment that promoted or interfered with students' learning, instructor's perspective of learners' reaction to topics addressing K-12 classroom diversity, and the impact of an online format on students' discussions of issues related to learner diversity. Findings suggest that online courses should include a classroom placement component in which students experience a diverse classroom in order to best prepare students for diverse teaching assignments. Thus, the best online teacher preparation courses maybe those that blend virtual and face-to-face interaction rather than being strictly online. 相似文献
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Colleges are experimenting with integrating technology into the classroom to improve student learning and reduce costs. While fully online models appear to have negative effects on student learning compared to in-person instruction, there is less evidence about models that blend elements of online and in-person instruction. In this study, I estimate the effect of adopting a blended approach to teaching called the emporium model in which students complete online work in an on-campus lab with instructors onsite to assist. Using a triple difference identification strategy, I find that using the emporium model compared to traditional instruction in remedial math courses in a state community college system reduces course pass rates, retention, and degree attainment. Effects were generally consistent across all three levels of remediation, suggesting there was little variation by students’ incoming placement test score. 相似文献