共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 187 毫秒
1.
工业氢中CO、CO2对装填FHJ还原态催化剂的二段加氢反应系统带来影响：工业氢中（CO＋CO2）的含量多少与催化剂床层的超温密切相关，是导致反应器超温的主要介质和重要原因。本文从工业应用实际分析了工业氢中CO、CO2的可能来源及对二段加氢反应系统的影响，提出了控制工业氢中CO、CO2含量的对策及预防其引起反应器超温的安全防护措施。 相似文献
2.
文章基于密度泛函理论,研究了本征及Nb,Fe单原子掺杂单层MoSe2的电子结构及光学性质。计算发现,本征单层MoSe2和Nb-MoSe2为直接带隙半导体,Fe-MoSe2为间接带隙结构;Fe-MoSe2较本征单层MoSe2导电性大大提高,实现了由半导体向半金属的过渡。由态密度分析得出了本征及Nb,Fe单原子掺杂单层MoSe2能量状态主要由Mo 4d,Se 4p轨道电子所贡献的结论,并对各原子掺杂体系轨道电子的能量贡献和掺杂类型做了探讨。此外,还详细分析了费米能级附近的自旋态密度、杂质带、磁性之间的联系。光学性质方面,比较了本征单层MoSe2与各掺杂体系的复介电常数和光吸收系数,在红外光区Fe-MoSe2的吸收系数高于本征单层MoSe2。本征单层MoSe2的光吸收系数为9.69×104 cm-1,是区域最大吸收峰。上述研究表明,通过对单层MoSe2的Nb,Fe掺杂可使电子输运特性得到了增强,为高活性自旋电子和光电子器件设计和研究开辟了新的前景。 相似文献
3.
Mo_2N与CoMo/(TiO_2—Al_2O_3)催化剂加氢脱硫与加氢脱氮催化性能比较 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文在同一条件下分别测试了硫化态的催化剂CoMo/(TiO2—Al_2O_3)及氮化态的Mo_2N催化剂的加氢脱硫和加氢脱氮性能,结果表明,对于噻吩的加氢脱硫反应,硫化态催化剂CoMo/(TiO_2—Al_2O_3)在催化活性及稳定性方面都优于Mo_2N,而Mo_2N在毗啶的加氢脱氮反应中显示了较大优势。 相似文献
4.
在纯净空气与H2O/ CO2污染空气来流对比试验结果基础上,采用数值计算方法和化学动力学方法,研究了H2O和CO2污染组分对煤油燃料超声速燃烧的影响,获得了试验手段难以得到的燃烧室流场参数和性能数据。完成了相应的煤油燃料超声速燃烧室二维数值计算,其中匹配了进口总温、总压、马赫数、氧气摩尔分数和工作当量油气比。将数值计算结果与相应试验测量值进行了对比分析,并结合燃烧室流场数据、性能参数分析了H2O和CO2污染的动力学影响、以及对燃烧室性能的影响。研究表明:(1)数值计算结果与实验测量值总体上吻合,两种手段均体现了纯净空气来流时不同煤油当量油气比的燃烧室性能,并反映了一致的“污染效应”影响趋势;(2) H2O污染、H2O+ CO2污染的存在降低了煤油燃料超声速燃烧室性能,体现在燃烧诱导压升、燃烧效率、流向冲量增量的下降,而且随着污染组分含量的增加,燃烧室性能下降越加显著。 相似文献
5.
以木屑为原料,高温热解制备生物炭。以聚乙烯醇为粘结剂,采用混合法将生物炭与果胶复合,并负载磁性,经烘干定型制备果胶包覆的磁性生物炭材料（果胶@生物炭-Fe3O4）。采用扫描电镜（SEM）、X射线衍射（XRD）及N2吸附-脱附（BET）等方法对果胶@生物炭-Fe3O4进行表征,结合吸附实验分析其对Cu2+的吸附特性。结果表明,当生物炭、果胶、Fe3O4质量比为5：1：1,溶液pH值为6,吸附24 h,果胶@生物炭-Fe3O4对Cu2+吸附效果最好;二级动力学方程能较好地描述果胶@生物炭-Fe3O4对Cu2+的吸附过程,Freundlich模型能较好地拟合其吸附行为;SEM结果显示该材料具有不规则的孔隙结构;XRD分析显示纳米Fe3O4是其主要的晶体结构;BET测得其比表面积为25.654 m2·g-1,平均孔径为20.18 nm。 相似文献
6.
苯乙烯装置在使用进口烷基化催化剂及国产烷基化催化剂时,均在使用不到半年就出现烷基化第一反应器底部床层局部失活现象,而且反应床层的失活有进一步加速的现象。为保证装置安全平稳运行,对烷基化第一反应器烷基化催化剂失活现象进行了本质分析,并采取了相应对策,保证了烷基化催化剂长周期满负荷运行。 相似文献
7.
文章从断裂力学的角度开展对铁尾矿砂混凝土的研究,采用三点弯曲梁法对铁尾矿砂混凝土和河砂混凝土进行断裂试验,测定荷载-裂缝口张开位移(P-CMOD)曲线和荷载-应变(P-ε)曲线,依据混凝土双K模型确定起裂荷载(Pini)、失稳荷载(Pmax)、起裂韧度(KiniIc)和失稳韧度(KunIc),并利用扫描电镜对断裂面进行观测。通过比较断裂过程曲线和断裂参数发现,两种混凝土的断裂过程没有明显差异,铁尾矿砂混凝土的Pini,Pmax,KiniIc和KunIc均高于河砂混凝土,其中Pini和KiniIc更加明显。扫描电镜结果显示,加入铁尾矿砂能够改善混凝土界面过渡区的微观形貌。 相似文献
8.
研究以玉米秸秆为原料制备生物质活性炭,并分别进行NaOH和HNO3改性。考察三种生物质活性炭的用量和粒径、水溶液pH值和吸附时间对水溶液中Cu2+吸附性能的影响,并对其等温吸附特征、吸附动力学和吸附热力学进行研究。结果表明:当0.15~0.30mm的生物质活性炭投加量为0.30g,pH值为6.0时,对溶液中Cu2+具有很好的去除率,在360min时达到吸附平衡;吸附过程符合Langmuir和Freundlich模型以及准二级动力学方程,且热力学参数ΔG0＜0,ΔH0和ΔS0＞0,为自发的、吸热的和熵增的过程,对水溶液中Cu2+均具有较好的亲和力;相同条件下,三种生物质活性炭对Cu2+的吸附效果表现为:NaOH改性＞HNO3改性＞未改性。 相似文献
9.
以MoO3为前躯体,正己烷/H2混合物为还原碳化气,采用程序升温碳化反应方法,在不同碳化温度和不同碳源进料速率的条件下碳化制备出碳化钼催化剂,并用XRD进行表征,同时研究了制备出来的碳化物催化剂对二苯并噻吩的加氢脱硫活性.结果表明:程序升温碳化反应到650℃,采用正己垸为碳化原料是可行的,且在适当的正己烷和H2物质的量比的条件下能够制备出高度分散并且对二苯并噻吩具有较高加氢脱硫活性的负载型碳化钼催化剂. 相似文献
10.
以铁尾矿砂为原料,用NaOH,HNO3调节pH值,采用熔融-水热两步法制备了铁尾矿砂光催化剂。利用X射线衍射仪、紫外/可见/近红外光谱仪等对铁尾矿砂光催化剂的结构性能进行表征;以罗丹明B溶液为标准降解物,汞灯为光源,探讨在不同pH条件下合成的铁尾矿砂光催化剂的光催化活性。结果表明,铁尾矿砂光催化剂的主要成分为Fe2.35Si0.65O4和NaNO3,且具有良好的光催化效果;在pH 8.5条件下制备的样品具有多孔结构,光催化性能最强;光照120 min时此样品可降解95.1%的罗丹明B溶液;·O2-是光催化反应过程中最主要的氧化活性自由基。 相似文献
11.
Diesel emission fluid (DEF) soaking and urea deposits on selective catalytic reduction (SCR) catalysts are critical issues for real diesel engine NH3-SCR systems. To investigate the impact of DEF soaking and urea deposits on SCR catalyst performance, fresh Cu-zeolite catalyst samples were drilled from a full-size SCR catalyst. Those samples were impregnated with DEF solutions and subsequently hydrothermally treated to simulate DEF soaking and urea deposits on real SCR catalysts during diesel engine operations. Their SCR performance was then evaluated in a flow reactor with a four-step test protocol. Test results show that the DEF soaking leached some Cu from the SCR catalysts and slightly reduced their Cu loadings. The loss of Cu and associated metal sites on the catalysts weakened their catalytic oxidation abilities and caused lower NO/NH3 oxidation and lower high-temperature N2O selectivity. Lower Cu loading also made the catalysts less active to the decomposition of surface ammonium nitrates and decreased low-temperature N2O selectivity. Cu loss during DEF impregnation released more acid sites on the surface of the catalysts and increased their acidities, and more NH3 was able to be adsorbed and involved in SCR reactions at medium and high temperatures. Due to lower NH3 oxidation and higher NH3 storage, the DEF-impregnated SCR catalyst samples showed higher NO x conversion above 400 °C compared with the non-soaked one. The negative impact of urea deposits during DEF impregnation was not clearly observed, because the high-temperature hydrothermal treatment helped to remove the urea deposits. 相似文献
12.
Oxidative dehydrogenation (ODH) of mono and mixed-butenes to 1,3-butadiene (BD) was conducted using individual and dual bed catalyst systems, consisting of ZnFe2O4, Co9Fe3Bi1Mo12O51 or both. The dual bed catalyst system gave improved catalytic performance. A mechanism based on synergy between the catalysts is proposed to explain the improved overall butene conversion. The proportion of the reactants differed between the catalyst beds in the dual bed system, making better use of the catalytic activity of the second bed. The existence of all butene isomers inhibited isomerization, leading to a higher proportion of ODH reactions and thus improved the conversion of butene and the yield of BD. The packing sequences and the volume ratio of the catalysts in the bed were optimized. The results indicated that the sequence with ZnFe2O4 on top and a catalyst packing ratio of between 4:6 and 6:4 led to better activity. 相似文献
13.
本文在同一条件下分别测试了硫化态的催化剂ＣｏＭｏ／（ＴｉＯ２－Ａｌ２Ｏ３）及氨化态的Ｍｏ２Ｎ催化剂的加氢脱硫和加氢脱氮性能，结果表明，对于噻吩的加氢脱硫反应，硫化态催化剂ＣｏＭｏ／（ＴｉＯ２－Ａｌ２Ｏ３）在催化活性及稳定性方面都优于Ｍｏ２Ｎ，而Ｍｏ２Ｎ在吡啶的加氢脱氮反应中显示了较大优势． 相似文献
14.
In this study, the effects of ZrO_2 carrier precursors, MoO_3 loading, and washing treatment on the catalytic performance of Mo O_3/ZrO_2 toward sulfur-resistant methanation were investigated. All the catalysts were prepared by co-precipitation method and further characterized by N_2 adsorption–desorption, H_2-temperature-programmed reduction, X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy. The prepared MoO_3/ZrO_2 catalysts were tested in a continuous-flow pressurized fixed bed reactor for CO methanation. The results revealed that the carrier precursors, MoO_3 loading, and washing treatment affected not only the crystalline phase of Mo species but also the grain size of ZrO_2 carrier and consequently influenced the MoO_3/ZrO_2 activity toward sulfur-resistant methanation. The 25 wt% MoO_3/ZrO_2 catalyst prepared using Zr(NO_3) 4 ·5 H_2O as the precursor and treated by water washing displayed the best activity for sulfur-resistant methanation due to its greater number of octahedral Mo species and smaller ZrO_2 grain size. 相似文献
15.
Titanium silicalite (TS-1) without and with extra-framework titanium have been prepared and TiO_2 is also prepared under the same conditions.All the samples are characterized with XRD,FT-IR,and UV–Vis.The effects of extra-framework titanium in TS-1 on the ammoximation of cyclohexanone have been studied in a continuous slurry reactor.The characterization results reveal that the extra-framework titanium exists as anatase.The catalytic evaluation results show that the anatase has a positive effect on the ammoximation of cyclohexanone by extending the catalytic life because it also exhibits some activity,while the conversion of cyclohexanone and the selectivity to cyclohexanone oxime are not influenced.The anatase TiO_2 does not catalyze H_2O_2 decomposition appreciably compared with TS-1 without extra-framework titanium.The results are very useful in guiding the TS-1 production. 相似文献
16.
Wang Zhanyuan 《大连大学学报》1992,(1)
用拟均相一维和二维模型对乙苯脱氢制苯乙烯绝热固定床催化反应器进行数学模拟,模拟计算结果同生产实测数据甚为接近。这一反应的热效应(140KJ/mol)不大,一维和二维模型的计算结果也甚为接近。在一定操作条件下:进料比(水/2苯)为2.5;进料温度为630℃;应器压力,一段为1.7Qtm,二段为1.5Qtm;乙苯的转化率在一段反应器可达到41%(mol),二段反应器可达到63%(mol)。 相似文献
17.
Titanium silicalite-1(TS-1)was synthesized by a hydrothermal synthesis method with different amounts of tetrapropyl ammonium hydroxide(TPAOH)as template. The as-prepared TS-1 was characterized by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray powder diffraction, Fourier-transform infrared resonance spectroscopy, ultravioletvisible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy and nitrogen physical adsorption and desorption, and studied in the propylene epoxidation with hydrogen peroxide in a fixed bed reactor. The results showed that the amount of TPAOH had a strong influence on the grain morphology, the amount of framework Ti, and the average particle sizes of TS-1. With the increase of TPAOH amount in the synthesis(the molar ratio of TPAOH/SiO2 increasing from 0.25 to 0.45), the morphology changed gradually from ellipsoids to cubes, the particle sizes of TS-1 decreased slightly, the amount of the framework Ti increased appreciably, and the catalytic stability in the propylene epoxidation increased markedly. Moreover, all the catalysts had the same selectivity to propylene epoxide. However, when the molar ratio of TPAOH/SiO2 was further increased to 0.55, the particles became large hexagons with the size distribution in a wide range, and the catalytic stability decreased sharply although the amount of the framework Ti increased further, which can be attributed to the long diffusion paths of the reactants in the zeolite. 相似文献
18.
N-valeronitrile-N’-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate ([C 4 CNmim]+ PF 6),as a novel ionic liquid with polar nitrile functional group,was prepared.The structure of the ionic liquid was characterized by using IR and 1 H NMR.As a medium,the ionic liquid plays an important role in copolymerization of carbon monoxide (CO) with styrene (St).Some synthetic conditions were determined,including the usage of ionic liquid,palladium composite catalyst and methanol,CO pressure,reaction time and reaction temperature.The influence of these factors on catalytic activity was analyzed.The results show that the catalytic activity has reached 1 724.1 gStCO/(gPd·h) and the catalyst could be reused 5 times under the optimal condition:composite catalyst 0.015 mmol,ionic liquid 3 mL,methanol 0.75 mL,CO pressure 2MPa,reaction time 2 h and reaction temperature 70℃.This CO/St copolymerization within [C 4 CNmim]+ PF 6 system could facilitate ionic liquids with efficient and economical applications to polymeric materials. 相似文献
19.
A cold-model vertical multi-tube circulating fluidized bed evaporator was designed and built to conduct a visualization study on the pressure drop of a liquid-solid two-phase flow and the corresponding particle distribution.Water and polyformaldehyde particle (POM) were used as the liquid and solid phases,respectively.The effects of operating parameters such as the amount of added particles,circulating flow rate,and particle size were systematically investigated.The results showed that the addition of the particles increased the pressure drop in the vertical tube bundle.The maximum pressure drop ratios were18.65%,21.15%,18.00%,and 21.15%within the experimental range of the amount of added particles for POM1,POM2,POM3,and POM4,respectively.The pressure drop ratio basically decreased with the increase in the circulating flow rate but fluctuated with the increase in the amount of added particles and particle size.The difference in pressure drop ratio decreased with the increase in the circulating flow rate.As the amount of added particles increased,the difference in pressure drop ratio fluctuated at low circulating flow rate but basically decreased at high circulating flow rate.The pressure drop in the vertical tube bundle accounted for about 70%of the overall pressure drop in the up-flow heating chamber and was the main component of the overall pressure within the experimental range.Three-dimensional phase diagrams were established to display the variation ranges of the pressure drop and pressure drop ratio in the vertical tube bundle corresponding to the operating parameters.The research results can provide some reference for the application of the fluidized bed heat transfer technology in the industry. 相似文献