共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 93 毫秒
1.
朱永泽 《内江师范学院学报》2013,(12):70-75
当前的研究过分看重工作记忆的成分而忽略了其功能,从功能角度可以将工作记忆划分为加工功能和存储功能.加工和存储的关系历来是认知心理学家关注的焦点.介绍了一些加工与存储之间关系的理论,探讨了材料的领域特殊性、认知负荷和情绪对工作记忆的加工和存储的影响.当前的研究在工作记忆的研究范式上和对工作记忆功能的认识上都存在问题.将来需要在加工与存储之间的关系方面和情绪性工作记忆方面做更多的研究. 相似文献
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负性情绪与工作记忆的关系:认知神经科学新取向 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
情绪与工作记忆关系的研究成为近年来认知神经科学领域的重要课题.文章从加工效能理论、认知神经取向的生理研究技术和脑损伤研究三个方面回顾了负性情绪与工作记忆研究的进展和存在的问题.文章指出,负性情绪与工作记忆有共同的脑机制,能抑制工作记忆正常工作,并且对完成词语工作记忆任务和空间工作记忆任务的影响不同,强调了前额叶皮质对情绪调控和工作记忆功能的影响. 相似文献
3.
针对人类视觉工作记忆有限资源分配的机制,研究者进行了丰富的行为和脑机制研究.这些研究主要从三个方面开展:客体复杂性与视觉工作记忆广度的关系,视觉工作记忆中客体表征的精准性与资源分配机制,视觉工作记忆广度有限性的大脑生理基础.仔细分析这些研究可以发现,依然存在一些问题没有得到很好的解决:视觉工作记忆中是否存在固定数量的"贮存槽"以及资源的分配是否具有灵活性;客体复杂性与客体表征精准性之间的关系;视觉工作记忆有限资源动态分配的大脑机制.解决这些问题将是视觉工作记忆未来的研究方向. 相似文献
4.
在现有的文献中,关于工作记忆与口译间存在怎样的关系仍存在不少分歧。文章梳理了译员的工作记忆优势和工作记忆对口译绩效的作用两方面的研究。总体来看,理论层面上,已有研究对工作记忆的概念、口译过程及其背后的认知机制的认识比较模糊;实证层面上,前人在研究(实验)设计上还存在一定不足,如各研究间选取的被试及工作记忆测量任务存在较大差异。因此,工作记忆与口译关系的研究需要深化对工作记忆以及口译过程的认识,并且需要不断地完善研究设计,以求更为客观准确地反映工作记忆与口译之间的关系。 相似文献
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Baddeley和Hitch于1974年提出工作记忆及工作记忆三系统模型以来，工作记忆容量的测量方法越来越严密，并引发了大量的关于工作记忆和复杂认知活动的关系研究。它包括工作记忆与言语理解、推理、智力、学习、抑制能力的关系等。 相似文献
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口吃是一种言语流畅性障碍。许多关于口吃者言语加工的研究都发现工作记忆对口吃具有重要的影响。文章分析了工作记忆各成分(包括中央执行系统、语音回路、视空间模板)与口吃的关系,综述了关于工作记忆与口吃关系的研究,并对今后的研究方向提出了建议。 相似文献
8.
本文对国内关于注意缺陷多动障碍儿童工作记忆研究的20篇期刊论文进行了文献计量分析.研究论文总体数量较少,研究方法以实验为主,研究内容主要包括注意缺陷多动障碍儿童与正常儿童工作记忆能力比较研究、不同类型注意缺陷多动障碍儿童工作记忆能力比较研究以及注意缺陷多动障碍儿童工作记忆能力干预研究.研究结果表明,注意缺陷多动症儿童的工作记忆存在缺陷,这种缺陷与注意缺陷多动障碍儿童的脑机制异常有关.不同类型的多动症儿童工作记忆能力受损的程度不同.哌甲酯控释剂能够有效改善和提高注意缺陷多动障碍儿童工作记忆能力.注意缺陷多动障碍儿童工作记忆的训练研究将会成为日后该领域在我国研究的一大趋势. 相似文献
9.
韩砚 《教育测量与评价(理论版)》2010,(10):35-39
本文通过实验研究,探讨工作记忆与小学生英语学业成就之间的关系。结果表明：（1）小学生的英语学习成绩与听觉工作记忆、视觉工作记忆存在正相关,其中视觉工作记忆与学业成绩的相关性更高;（2）工作记忆对男生学业成绩的影响要大于女生;（3）随着记忆负荷的增加,小学生工作记忆的准确率降低。针对研究结果,文章提出相应的课堂教学策略,以促进学生信息保持和加工能力的提高。 相似文献
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In the Netherlands, Turkish–Dutch children constitute a substantial group of children who learn to speak Dutch at the age of four after they learned to speak Turkish. These children are generally academically less successful. Academic success appears to be affected by both language proficiency and working memory skill. The goal of this study was to investigate the relationship between language skills and working memory in Turkish–Dutch and native-Dutch children from low-income families. The findings revealed reduced Dutch language and Dutch working-memory skills for Turkish–Dutch children compared to native-Dutch children. Working memory in native-Dutch children was unrelated to their language skills, whereas in Turkish–Dutch children strong correlations were found both between Turkish language skills and Turkish working-memory performance and between Dutch language skills and Dutch working-memory performance. Reduced language proficiencies and reduced working-memory skills appear to manifest itself in strong relationships between working memory and language skills in Turkish–Dutch children. The findings seem to indicate that limited verbal working-memory and language deficiencies in bilingual children may have reciprocal effects that strongly warrants adequate language education. 相似文献
12.
Pascale Marguerite Josiane Engel de Abreu Susan Elizabeth Gathercole Romain Martin 《Learning and individual differences》2011,21(5):569-574
This study investigates the relationship between working memory and language in young children growing up in a multilingual environment. The aim is to explore whether mechanisms of short-term storage and cognitive control hold similar relations to emerging language skills and to investigate if potential links are mediated by related cognitive abilities. A sample of 119 Luxembourgish 6-year-olds completed several assessments of working memory (complex and simple span), native and foreign vocabulary, syntax, reading, rhyme awareness, and fluid intelligence. Results showed that short-term storage and cognitive control manifested differential links with developing language abilities: Whereas verbal short-term storage was specifically linked to vocabulary; cognitive control manifested unique and robust links with syntax and early reading development. The study suggests that in young children the working memory system is composed of separate but interacting components corresponding to short-term storage and cognitive control that can be distinguished by the roles they play in supporting language acquisition. 相似文献
13.
Traditionally, working memory has been divided into two major domains: verbal and visuo-spatial. The verbal domain of working memory can be characterized either by its relationship to language or by its grounding in auditory processing. Because of this ambiguity, languages that are not auditory and vocal (i.e., signed languages) pose a challenge to this conception of working memory. We describe several experiments with deaf users of American Sign Language (ASL) that explore the extent to which the architecture of working memory is determined by the constraints of auditory and visual processing and the extent to which it is determined by the characteristics of language. Various working memory effects were investigated: phonological similarity, word length, and articulatory suppression. The pattern of evidence strongly supports the existence of a sign-based 'rehearsal loop' mechanism parallel to the speech-based rehearsal loop. However, we also discuss evidence pointing to differences between the speech loop and the sign loop from forward and backward digit span tasks with deaf and hearing subjects. Despite their similarities based on linguistic properties, the speech loop and the sign loop appear to diverge due to the differing processing demands of audition and vision. Overall, the results suggest that the architecture of working memory is shaped both by the properties of language structure and by the constraints imposed by sensorimotor modality. 相似文献
14.
The role of sentence recall in reading and language skills of children with learning difficulties 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
Tracy Packiam Alloway Susan Elizabeth Gathercole 《Learning and individual differences》2005,15(4):271-282
The present study explores the relationship between sentence recall and reading and language skills in a group of 7–11-year-old children with learning difficulties. While recent studies have found that performance on sentence recall tasks plays a role in learning, it is possible that this contribution is a reflection of shared resources with working memory. In order to investigate whether sentence recall was uniquely associated with reading and language skills, differences associated with IQ and working memory capacity were statistically controlled. A sample of 72 children was tested on measures of verbal complex memory, verbal short-term memory, sentence recall, expressive vocabulary, verbal and performance IQ, reading and language skills. Both sentence recall and verbal complex memory shared unique links with reading skill, and sentence recall was uniquely associated with language skills. This finding indicates that resources in long-term memory also play an important diagnostic role in reading and language abilities. The implications for educational practice are discussed. 相似文献
15.
Reading,syntactic, and working memory skills of bilingual Portuguese-English Canadian children 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The purpose of the study was to examine the nature of language, memory, and reading skills of bilingual students and to determine the relationship between reading problems in English and reading problems in Portuguese. The study assessed the reading, language, and memory skills of 37 bilingual Portuguese-Canadian children, aged 9–12 years. English was their main instructional language and Portuguese was the language spoken at home. All children attended a Heritage Language Program at school where they were taught to read and write Portuguese. The children were administered word and pseudoword reading, language, and working memory tasks in English and Portuguese. The majority of the children (67%) showed at least average proficiency in both languages. The children who had low reading scores in English also had significantly lower scores on the Portuguese tasks. There was a significant relationship between the acquisition of word and pseudoword reading, working memory, and syntactic awareness skills in the two languages. The Portuguese-Canadian children who were normally achieving readers did not differ from a comparison group of monolingual English speaking normally achieving readers except that the bilingual children had significantly lower scores on the English syntactic awareness task. The bilingual reading disabled children had similar scores to the monolingual reading disabled children on word reading and working memory but lower scores on the syntactic awareness task. However, the bilingual reading disabled children had significantlyhigher scores than the monolingual English speaking reading disabled children on the English pseudoword reading test and the English spelling task, perhaps reflecting a positive transfer from the more regular grapheme phoneme conversion rules of Portuguese. In this case, bilingualism does not appear to have negative consequences for the development of reading skills. In both English and Portuguese, reading difficulties appear to be strongly related to deficits in phonological processing. 相似文献
16.
This study examined temporal resolution of auditory perception (TRAP) in relation to speech perception and phonological working memory in one experiment and in relation to measures of rapid naming, understanding of grammatical contrasts, and phonological awareness in a second experiment. In the TRAP test, 6- to 9-year-old children discriminated four pairs of two sine tones, 878 Hz and 1350 Hz, presented in blocks with stepwise decreasing interstimulus intervals from 256 ms to 8 ms. In Experiment 1, weak but significant correlations between TRAP and speech perception and phonological working memory were found, as well as a significantly lower TRAP performance by girls. Experiment 2 indicated a significant relation between TRAP and the phonological awareness task. The results give qualified support to the notion of a weak relationship between TRAP and speech perception and language skills among typical children. However, the gender differences in TRAP performance, the limited variance explained by the regression models, and the finding that only one of the language parameters correlated with TRAP do not support the notion of a causal relationship between language skills and TRAP. The possibility that TRAP is connected to general neurological maturation rather than specifically to language abilities is discussed. 相似文献
17.
The authors compared 6- to 11-year-olds with developmental coordination disorder (DCD) and those with specific language impairment (SLI) on measures of memory (verbal and visuospatial short-term and working memory) and learning (reading and mathematics). Children with DCD with typical language skills were impaired in all four areas of memory function for their age level, and this pattern was also found to be characteristic of a larger DCD group with varied language abilities. SLI-group deficits in standard scores were observed for the verbal versions of the short-term and working memory tasks only. There were also differential links between memory and attainment between the two groups, with visuospatial working memory strongly related to numeracy in the SLI group and all of the memory measures correlated with at least one attainment measure in the DCD group. Reasons for why working memory contributes to learning in these two developmental groups are discussed. 相似文献
18.
吴筱明 《湖北第二师范学院学报》2014,31(7):13-15
21世纪人类的最高理想和目标是建立生态文明的社会,文化生态也是目标之一。作为全球通用语的英语,在一定时期内曾被高度赞誉,但英语文化的强势地位导致世界文化生态环境的发展不均衡。本文以语言与文化的关系和跨文化交际理论为理论基础、以文化生态理论为基础框架,反思导致高职学生跨文化交际障碍的原因,探究学生在用英语表达中国传统文化时出现“中国文化失语”现象,为改进高职英语教学提供参考。 相似文献
19.
H. Lee Swanson Leilani Sez Michael Gerber 《Learning disabilities research & practice》2004,19(4):225-238
This study determined the degree to which the phonological and executive components of memory reflect language‐specific capacities in reading achievement. We tested whether the memory processes in a sample of English‐language learners that played a major role in predicting second‐language acquisition and risk for reading disability (RD) in Grade 1 (Swanson, Sáez, Gerber, & Leafstedt, 2004) also predicted reading performance in Grade 2. The present results showed that Spanish short‐term memory (STM) performance in Grade 1 predicted basic Spanish‐reading skills and Spanish comprehension in Grade 2, whereas Grade 1 English STM performance predicted English vocabulary and English comprehension in Grade 2. More importantly, children at risk for RD in Grade 1 differed from the counterparts in Grade 2 on both English and Spanish measures of reading, whereas their memory deficits were isolated to Spanish STM and working memory (WM). The relationship between language‐specific processes in memory and reading are discussed. 相似文献
20.
《Learning and individual differences》2004,14(3):137-151
It has been suggested that the ability to learn a foreign language is related to working memory. However, there is no clear evidence about which component of working memory may be involved.Two experiments investigated working memory problems in groups of seventh and eighth grade Italian children with difficulties in learning English as a second language. They were compared with control groups of children matched for age, education, school, and intelligence who differed for foreign language learning ability.Experiment 1 focused on clarifying how modality-specific the memory problem of children with a foreign language learning difficulty (FLLD) is. Verbal working memory tasks (forward and backward digit span) were proposed together with visuospatial working memory (VSWM) tasks. Groups showed a significant difference only in the more passive verbal working memory task, that is, the forward digit span.Experiment 2 focused on clarifying how central the verbal working memory problem of students with an FLLD is. A nonword repetition task and an Italian version of the listening span test were proposed. Groups differed significantly in both tasks. However, differences in the listening span test disappeared when nonword repetition performance was partialed out. It was concluded that a difficulty in learning a foreign language is mainly related to the more passive aspects of verbal working memory, typically associated with the articulatory loop. 相似文献