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1.
This case study evaluates the efficacy of Intensive Interaction in developing the social and communication ability of a young boy with severe learning difficulties. The Intensive Interaction approach is based on the model of caregiver–infant interaction and underpinned by theoretical foundations of psychological literature of early development. A multiple-method approach was adopted mixing quantitative and qualitative data. An intricate system of behaviour coding was devised so that progress could be measured via video-recorded observation. Findings showed that substantial progress was made in sociability and communication, with some new behaviours such as eye contact emerging. Stereotypy was also observed to reduce substantially. 相似文献
2.
Lani Florian 《Journal of Research in Special Educational Needs》2003,3(1):no-no
This case study evaluates the efficacy of Intensive Interaction in developing the social and communication ability of a young boy with severe learning difficulties. The Intensive Interaction approach is based on the model of caregiver–infant interaction and underpinned by theoretical foundations of psychological literature of early development. A multiple‐method approach was adopted mixing quantitative and qualitative data. An intricate system of behaviour coding was devised so that progress could be measured via video‐recorded observation. Findings showed that substantial progress was made in sociability and communication, with some new behaviours such as eye contact emerging. Stereotypy was also observed to reduce substantially. 相似文献
3.
Mary Kellett 《International Journal of Research & Method in Education》2013,36(2):175-188
This paper examines the role of Intensive Interaction in interactive pedagogy for students with severe and complex learning difficulties. It begins with an overview of the theoretical context for interactive pedagogy and then goes on to describe how one particular approach, Intensive Interaction, can, within a flexible curriculum, support sociability and communication development for pupils who are hardest to reach because they have not yet learned the fundamentals of early communication. Findings from one case study are drawn upon to illustrate the efficacy of this and to discuss how teamwork can affect optimal outcomes. The paper argues for more pupil‐centred, flexible curricula and the wider adoption of approaches such as Intensive Interaction in inclusive mainstream schools. 相似文献
4.
Traditionally, professionals working with individuals with severe learning difficulties who demonstrate stereotyped behaviours, such as rocking and hand-flapping, have viewed such behaviours as undesirable, inappropriate and in need of reduction or elimination. This perspective is influenced by notions of readying those individuals for mixed settings, educating, training or modifying them to help gain their acceptance. Intensive Interaction is an alternative approach for working with individuals with complex difficulties that responds positively to them and their stereotyped behaviours, sometimes using these as a point of connection. Intensive Interaction sets out to enhance social and communication abilities and not to reduce stereotyped behaviours. However, findings from two studies of Intensive Interaction that show some reduction in stereotyped behaviours are reported and discussed. The authors consider the way in which more inclusive thinking connects with changes in thinking about stereotyped behaviour and the individuals who engage in them. 相似文献
5.
The intervention of Intensive Interaction is gaining attention for its demonstrated effectiveness in promoting social engagement in individuals with severe communicative impairments. The present study sought to extend the evidence base for this intervention by investigating the rapidity with which an increase in engagement becomes apparent. Videotapes of the first Intensive Interaction session for 10 adults with profound learning disabilities were microanalytically coded for four measures of engagement: eye gaze, bodily orientation to partner, proximity to partner, and emotional valence. Results showed an increase for all participants on at least two measures, while 70% of the sample showed increases on all four measures. Such shifts occurred within only a few minutes of the onset of the session (ranging from three to 14 minutes). Non‐parametric analyses confirmed that this robust pattern of increases would not have been predicted to occur by chance. These findings indicate that Intensive Interaction is effective in rapidly promoting social engagement, even for individuals with a long history of apparent social avoidance. Suggestions for future lines of enquiry, at both the empirical and conceptual levels, are discussed. 相似文献
6.
Getting in Touch with our Feminine Sides? Men's Difficulties and Concerns with Doing Intensive Interaction 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Andrew Culham 《British Journal of Special Education》2004,31(2):81-88
Andrew Culham has been a lecturer in further education for seven years. During this time he has worked primarily with students with learning difficulties. He now works for Oxford and Chen/veil College as a coordinator of provision for students with profound and multiple learning difficulties within the supported learning curriculum unit. In this article, Andrew Culham addresses a number of concerns expressed by male practitioners using Intensive Interaction.
The issues raised in this article are based on the outcomes of a research project that used a mix of qualitative and quantitative approaches. The results indicate that men who use Intensive Interaction are concerned about issues of touch, especially when working with female clients, and about the potential for their interactions with learners to be misinterpreted and misrepresented. Respondents suggest that targeted professional development opportunities are required to support men in delivering programmes of Intensive Interaction and to provide practical responses to their difficulties. Intensive Interaction has been demonstrated to be of benefit to people with learning difficulties. Andrew Culham proposes that professionals, colleagues and managers can support male practitioners more effectively through policy creation, staff development and professional dialogue. He argues that an 'inclusive' support structure should be established to provide all staff with practice-focused advice and guidance. 相似文献
The issues raised in this article are based on the outcomes of a research project that used a mix of qualitative and quantitative approaches. The results indicate that men who use Intensive Interaction are concerned about issues of touch, especially when working with female clients, and about the potential for their interactions with learners to be misinterpreted and misrepresented. Respondents suggest that targeted professional development opportunities are required to support men in delivering programmes of Intensive Interaction and to provide practical responses to their difficulties. Intensive Interaction has been demonstrated to be of benefit to people with learning difficulties. Andrew Culham proposes that professionals, colleagues and managers can support male practitioners more effectively through policy creation, staff development and professional dialogue. He argues that an 'inclusive' support structure should be established to provide all staff with practice-focused advice and guidance. 相似文献
7.
From social interaction to individual reasoning: an empirical investigation of a possible socio-cultural model of cognitive development 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
This study explores the theory that individual reasoning ability, as measured using standard reasoning tests, has part of its origin in dialogue with others. In the study, 64 eight- and nine-year-old children were taught the use of ‘exploratory talk’, a type of talk in which joint reasoning is made explicit. The relationship between the talk of the children and the solving of Raven's test problems was studied using discourse analysis of groups working together. The findings of the study support four claims: that use of exploratory talk can improve group reasoning, that exploratory talk can be taught, that the teaching of exploratory talk can successfully transfer between educational contexts and that individual results on a standard non-verbal reasoning test significantly improved as a result of the intervention teaching exploratory talk. Our results offer support for the hypothesis that experience of social reasoning can improve scores on measures of individual reasoning. The stronger hypothesis that general cognitive development is a product of induction into social reasoning remains in doubt. 相似文献
8.
自闭症儿童的非言语沟通能力缺陷 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
非言语沟通能力是影响自闭症儿童心理正常发展的重要因素之一。本文通过共同注意能力缺陷、情绪表达与调节能力的缺陷以及要求、社会互动能力的缺陷三方面对国外自闭症儿童非言语沟通能力缺陷的发展研究进行综述。 相似文献
9.
赵军 《北京城市学院学报》2011,(5):90-94
随着中国与世界各国之间交流的日益频繁,跨文化间的差异与冲突也凸显出来.如何顺利地进行跨文化交际,克服交际过程中出现的障碍是跨文化交际取得成功的关键.跨文化交际不仅仅是语言的交际,更多的是非语言交际.人们的非语言行为与其所接受的文化有着密切的联系.该论文主要从“气味”与饮食、“气味”与文化、“气味”与香水三个方面来解释“气味”及其所属的文化内涵,以及不同国家的人对气味的不同理解和接受程度. 相似文献
10.
申婷 《佳木斯教育学院学报》2012,(3):331-332
人类交际是语言交际和非语言交际的结合。非语言交际是整个交际中不可缺少的组成部分。它在交际中的作用是不可忽视的。[1]萨莫瓦尔说:"在面对面交际中,信息的社交内容只有35%左右时语言行为,其他都是通过非语言行为传递的。"[2]在跨文化交际中,很多人往往重视语言的正确运用,而忽略非语言交际行为的文化差异及其影响,导致文化误解和文化冲突频频发生。实际上非语言交际行为和手段比语言交际行为所起的交际作用更大,它的差异比语言行为的差异所引起的文化冲突还要严重。根据毕继万在《跨文化非语言交际》中将非语言交际粗略地分成四大类:1)体态语;2)副语言;3)客体语;4)环境语,本文试从手势语、眼神交流、体触行为等方面研究体态语在跨文化交际中的应用,减少由此导致的文化差异的干扰,以促进人们之间成功地进行跨文化交际。 相似文献
11.
在跨文化交际的过程中,要学会从异域文化的角度去体会和认识对方的情感,从对方的立场出发来感受其文化,来自不同文化之间的文化干扰就可以预防和克服,跨文化交际的顺畅进行也是完全可以实现的。 相似文献
12.
With the development of human society,the social hub enlarges beyond one community to the extent that the world is deemed as a community as a whole.Communication,therefore,plays an increasingly important role in our daily life.As a consequence,communication model or the definition of which is not so much a definition as a guide in communication.However,some existed communication models are not as practical as it was.This paper tries to make an overall contrast among three communication models——Coded Model,Gable's Communication Model and Ostensive Inferential Model,to see how they assist people to comprehend verbal and non-verbal communication. 相似文献
13.
论身势语在跨文化交际中的运用 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
身势语是非语言交际的重要组成部分,在不同文化中,身势语的意义并不完全相同,各民族有不同的非语言交际方式。本文简要介绍了身势语的概念和特点,并分别说明了其中的空间距离、目光注视、身体接触、姿态动作及面部表情的文化差异和社会交际功能。 相似文献
14.
非语言交际总是与语言交际相伴相生。每一次语言交际都需要一种或多种非语言交际的参与。随着研究的深入,发现非语言交际在高职英语教学中也发挥着应有作用。正确区分语言交际与非语言交际、合理看待非语言交际与跨文化交际的关系、分析高职英语教学的现状对推动非语言交际与教学的融合具有重要意义。应该重视学生非语言交际能力的提高,规范教学中的非语言行为,丰富非语言交际策略,建立健全综合英语教学评估体系,从而促使非语言交际在高职综合英语教学中的有效应用。 相似文献
15.
Mary Kellett 《British Journal of Special Education》2005,32(3):116-121
In this article, Mary Kellett, of the Children's Research Centre at the Open University, draws on case study evidence to illustrate how an 11–year-old girl's quality of life was transformed in the last few months before she died when an Intensive Interaction intervention approach was adopted. The study raises issues about the way we respond to individuals with the most profound disabilities who are hardest to reach and have fragile life expectancies. It also examines the role of the researcher in situations where a participant dies; how this impacts on data processing - particularly where this involves video footage of a participant -and the complex ethics which need to be considered. Initially, the sadness of the situation and the incompleteness of the data overshadowed the findings. Due attention was not given to the contribution Catherine's data could make to our knowledge and understanding of the lived experiences of children like her and the implications this has for policy and practice. However, 'interrupted' findings from her case study point to the effectiveness of the Intensive Interaction approach in developing sociability, particularly with regard to eye contact and the ability to attend to a joint focus. This article affirms the principle that it is never too late to start an intervention; that severity of impairment should not be a barrier to this; and that the social interaction Intensive Interaction promotes can make a crucial difference to quality of life. 相似文献
16.
Data from cross-cultural studies on parental behaviour during early social interaction suggest that structural and universal features should be differentiated from culturally specific ones. No direct relations can be assumed to exist between specific forms of child rearing and development of skills in the child. However child rearing practices can have long term effects and affect social behaviours. As an illustration, we compare interactive styles of 40 French and African mothers living in Paris in an object play situation, with their 10 and 15 month-olds. French mothers’ interactions with their children are illustrative of tight connections between verbal and non-verbal behaviour. Action is the basis or anchor point for verbal exchange; and this repetition or verbal redundnacy yields discourse-on-actions which to a certain extent distances the action and allows for a generalization process to take place. In contrast, African mothers’ interactions with their infants present less verbal scaffolding of non-verbal behaviour. This type of interaction allows for a greater «disjunction» or separation of non-verbal and verbal communication. African cultures do not assign the spoken word with the educational function of structuring and planning activities. However, the models generated by the school system correspond to other types of obligations which are strongly affected by temporal perspectives. 相似文献
17.
Janette Barnett 《教育心理学》1987,7(2):117-128
Abstract This paper presents a critical discussion of some contemporary literature on the language development of, and problems in communication for, persons with severe handicaps. For meaning to be transmitted from one person to another requires a social interactive context. These transactional exchanges begin very early in a child's life and carry particular implications for caregivers and therapists. Some implications of this literature for intervention are suggested. 相似文献
18.
彭萍萍 《牡丹江教育学院学报》2006,(5)
非言语行为是交际行为的重要组成部分,在跨文化交际中,非言语行为发挥着尤其重要的作用。但在实际的跨文化交际中,人们对非言语行为的忽视或非言语行为使用失误往往会引起交际双方的误解,甚至导致跨文化交际失败。因此,了解中西在非言语交际方面的差异对于避免失误,促进跨文化交际的顺利进行非常有帮助。本文旨在分析中西在非言语交际方面的差异,并提出避免非言语交际失误的几条建议。 相似文献
19.
张秀艳 《佳木斯教育学院学报》2012,(9):349+363
非语言交际作为人类交际的重要组成部分,在人类交际中起着语言交际无法替代的作用,而外语教学是培养学生交际能力的基础,因此非语言交际能力的培养在外语教学中的重要性不言而喻。本文拟通过介绍非语言交际的功能和特点,非语言交际在外语教学中的应用来阐述如何培养学生的非语言交际能力。 相似文献
20.
石瑶 《泰州职业技术学院学报》2006,6(5):80-82
非语言交际源远流长，对其研究方兴未艾。从阐述非语言交际的内容、特征和作用出发，与英语教学特点相结合，论述了非语言交际在英语教学中具有独特的传信特点和交际功能，因而是必不可少的教学手段。同时，也指出了非语言交际在英语教学中的不足之处。 相似文献