共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 673 毫秒
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胡龙超 《自然科学博物馆研究》2023,(2):15-22
观众在博物馆中如何学习、学习效果如何评量等问题长期受到研究者的关注。观众对话作为参观学习的体现,是探究博物馆学习过程的重要材料。基于此,苏·艾伦采用社会文化视角,透过参观过程中的观众对话寻找学习的证据。本文主要目的是介绍该研究的研究问题、研究发现、方法论框架、数据收集与分析等方面的内容,以期为国内博物馆观众研究领域提供一种新的视角。 相似文献
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赵星宇 《自然科学博物馆研究》2019,(6):67-74
观众体验是博物馆等机构为观众提供的核心“产品”。然而现阶段,如何定义和测量体验,仍然存在一定的困难。为了解决这一问题,澳大利亚昆士兰大学的简·帕克和罗伊·巴兰坦,在基于博物馆观众研究和休闲旅游文献研究的基础上,用一个更广泛的视角重新定义了观众体验。与此同时,提出了观众体验的“多切面模型”,用于描述和测量观众体验。本文的主要目的是介绍这两个观众体验的重要成果,并基于这一成果,探讨观众体验与学习体验的关系。 相似文献
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安妮塔·B·沙阿曾说 :“人民创造了博物馆 ,人民运作了博物馆 ,博物馆致力于为人民服务。”①毫无疑问 ,观众是影响博物馆生存的重要因素之一 ,而观众调查是信息时代信息收集和加工的一种科学方法 ,能起到连接博物馆与观众的桥梁作用 ,因此 ,它的重要性毋庸质疑。博物馆对观众的调查研究开始于上世纪 3 0年代的北美 ,迄今已经进行了大半个世纪 ,我国博物馆界直到上世纪 90年代才开始引进和运用这种科学的方法开展博物馆学研究。在国内 ,虽然它是一项刚开展不久的工作 ,但是我们欣慰地看到观众调查已经得到许多博物馆的重视。有些学者已经… 相似文献
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提要：本文以美国博物馆观众研究方法为依据,阐述博物馆观众评估的基本方法、原则及科学理论,并试图针对原创性展览构建起以观众评估为导向的指标体系框架。同时论及观众评估在博物馆展览策划业务工作中的重要作用和博物馆展览公共参与机制的建立。关键词：博物馆观众研究;展览评估;指标体系;原创性临时展览 相似文献
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自然博物馆目标观众研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
博物馆观众是博物馆的服务对象,是指前来博物馆参观并接受博物馆服务的所有人民。目标观众(target visitor)是指博物馆期望来馆参观的人,是博物馆教育服务的重要对象。研究自然博物馆目标观众对于自然博物馆展览设计、展示方式及教育成效有着重要意义。本文采用问卷调查、文献及访谈方法,得出自然博物馆的目标观众是学生及亲手家庭,潜在观众为教师。从自然博物馆目标观众的参观行为、参观过程及参观效果三个方面入手,针对目标观众的取向提出自然博物馆在展览设计、教育活动等工作上应充分考虑目标观众的兴趣、期望。 相似文献
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《中国博物馆》2016,(2)
媒介技术的变革创造了多样的文化形态,让博物馆成为不局限于实体空间的文化景观。当展示活动在时间和空间上的分离成为可能,越来越多的人选择通过移动互联网技术"参观"博物馆。这种文化的"远距离影响",让展览的观众群体变得无限大,使博物馆具有了大众传播媒介的功能与特征。对博物馆传播效果的考察是观众研究的核心,属于典型的媒介效果研究范畴,用以证明博物馆是否夸大了自身的文化影响力。如何认识这些媒介的影响对象?传播学的"受众研究"为我们提供了基本解决方案。本文通过对观众研究历史与研究方法的回顾,概括出不断发展变化的博物馆观众研究领域和视角;在大众传播学经典范式的指导下,为考察特定环境和媒介供应方式下的博物馆传播效果提供理论依据;用受众概念指代一般意义的观众,关注他们对意义的主动获取与积极创新。 相似文献
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覃雪波 《自然科学博物馆研究》2021,(1):31-41
观众参观时间是博物馆观众研究的重要内容之一,反映了观众对展览的关注程度。本文利用跟踪观察法调查了2014—2019年天津自然博物馆新馆生态厅的观众有效参观时间以及展板和多媒体的使用情况。结果发现:观众有效参观时间总体偏短,且在不同人群差异不显著,但在不同展区差异明显。在影响观众有效参观时间的重要因素中,标本大小和标本珍稀度是关键因素。观众对展板和多媒体的利用率均较低。为提高观众有效参观时间,建议为观众提供讲解、合理分配展品、适当延长展线、展板和多媒体要少而精且内容应及时更新等。 相似文献
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赵星宇 《自然科学博物馆研究》2020,(4):20-30
博物馆观众研究是博物馆实践及博物馆学研究的重要组成部分。梳理中国观众研究的发展历程,一方面有助于理解现阶段国内观众研究实践的发展脉络、现状及趋势,另一方面有助于探索观众研究的学科体系。本文以1984年至2020年2月间在国内公开发表的190篇文献为研究对象,通过将这些成果划分为“观众研究”“观众评估”和“理论方法”三个类别,来阐述国内博物馆观众研究的发展特征。结果显示,在国内的观众研究发展结构中,“研究”始终占据主导地位,“评估”上升趋势显著,对“理论方法”的讨论趋于平稳。国内观众研究发展的动力一方面源于内在的学术与实践经验自然累积,另一方面源于外部博物馆免费开放政策施加的强烈催化。 相似文献
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Abstract This article reviews empirically oriented studies from the United States and Europe concerning visitor experiences in museum exhibitions in order to pinpoint similarities and differences among them. In the last 20 years, only a few scholars have tackled this research question in multifaceted empirical ways, although some of them have done so extensively. By comparing theoretical and methodical issues, as well as important results, we are able to outline several analytical building blocks that compose a complex framework of visitor expectations, experiences, and outcomes. Gathering credible data on experiences of visitors in exhibitions or museums, a method dating back to the tracking records of Robinson (1928) , is an ongoing challenge for the empirically inclined science of museum studies. Social scientists at universities and museums have been asking for 20 years: What are the findings regarding factors, structures, and consequences of exhibition experiences? Where are the blind spots? Which questions should be researched? 相似文献
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Jay Rounds 《Curator: The Museum Journal》2004,47(4):389-412
Tracking studies show that museum visitors typically view only 20 to 40 percent of an exhibition. Current literature states that this partial use sub‐optimizes the educational benefit gained by the visitor, and that skilled visitors view an exhibition comprehensively and systematically. Contrary to that viewpoint, this paper argues that partial use of exhibitions is an intelligent and effective strategy for the visitor whose goal is to have curiosity piqued and satisfied. By using analytical approaches derived from “optimal foraging theory” in ecology, this paper demonstrates that the curiosity‐driven visitor seeks to maximize the Total Interest Value of his or her museum visit. Such visitors use a set of simple heuristics to find and focus attention only on exhibit elements with high interest value and low search costs. Their selective use of exhibit elements results in greater achievement of their own goals than would be gained by using the exhibition comprehensively. 相似文献
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Jeanette Clarkin‐Phillips Margaret Carr Rebecca Thomas Maiangi Waitai Joanne Lowe 《Curator: The Museum Journal》2013,56(4):407-420
Studies exploring very young children visiting museums and art galleries are few. The majority of research about museum and gallery visitors explores family group interactions. This paper examines the findings of a study involving three‐ and four‐year‐old children visiting an art exhibition in a national museum on more than one occasion. The children's construction of knowledge about being a museum visitor and exhibitor indicates their ability to develop an appreciation of art and an understanding of the purposes of museums and art galleries. 相似文献
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Andrew J. Pekarik James B. Schreiber Nadine Hanemann Kelly Richmond Barbara Mogel 《Curator: The Museum Journal》2014,57(1):5-27
The theory and practice of IPOP emerged from structured observations and interviews with visitors to the Smithsonian Institution museums in Washington, D.C. from the 1990s to the present—a dataset useful in constructing a long view. This research has had one overarching intention: to serve museum visitors better, that is, to provide visitors with experiences that are above average, special, significant, and memorable. In numerous studies and interviews during the last 16 years, visitors have repeatedly spoken about their reactions to Smithsonian museum exhibitions in four typologies distilling their primary interests: I = ideas, P = people, O = objects, and—as we were obliged to add at a later stage—a second P for “physical.” The evidence suggests that exhibitions that strongly appeal to all four visitor typologies will be highly successful with visitors. 相似文献
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Jan Packer 《Curator: The Museum Journal》2008,51(1):33-54
Abstract This paper explores the beneficial outcomes that visitors seek and obtain from a museum visit, in terms that are not related to learning outcomes. It uses a deductive qualitative approach to investigate the meaning and value of a museum visit from the visitors' perspective. Three different levels of the meaning of the experience are considered: the attributes of the setting that visitors value; the experiences they engage in; and the benefits they derive. The findings confirm the importance of the “satisfying experiences” framework for understanding visitor experiences in museums, and extend this understanding in relation to the beneficial outcomes these experiences produce. The study also highlights the importance of “restoration” as an outcome of a museum visit. It is argued that the concept of the museum as a restorative environment, which enables visitors to relax and recover from the stresses of life, is worthy of further research attention. These insights will enable museum practitioners to better understand and meet their visitors' multiple needs and expectations. 相似文献
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Methods for studying family visitors in art museums: A cross-disciplinary review of current research
Pat Sterry Author Vitae Ela Beaumont Author Vitae 《Museum Management and Curatorship》2006,21(3):222-239
This paper examines current trends in family studies research, details the methodological and topical perspectives that are emerging, and reflects on how these findings could be integrated to provide a more coherent approach to researching the leisure, learning and recreational aspects of family visitors to art museums. Research findings from disciplines such as sociology, ethnography, education, design and marketing are of interest to the field of visitor studies, and this paper contributes to the wider research agenda by providing an overview of family research methods from a range of other disciplines, as well as those used within visitor studies.Over the last decade, there has been a growth of research in family learning in science museums, leading to an emerging disciplinary matrix, whilst many aspects of family visits to art museums remain relatively unexplored. The paper discusses the problems of gathering meaningful data from adults and children in family groups, and concludes by suggesting that a challenge for art museums is to learn from what is happening in other areas of cultural research into families, and to develop a framework for research which builds on the methodological strengths and practical experience of robust studies. 相似文献
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George Hein, museum education theorist, asserts that there are five qualities a “constructivist exhibition” must have (1998, 35). The authors, assembling observations of visitor engagement and qualitative data from the 2013 Smithsonian Folklife Festival, compare the event to Hein's constructivist exhibition criteria, to assess whether the Festival allowed visitors to “make meaning,” and to see whether visitor meaning‐making meshed with the goals of the curators. The answers have the potential to help improve visitor experiences and learning outcomes at museums and other curated cultural events. 相似文献
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Ronald A. Beghetto 《Curator: The Museum Journal》2014,57(1):1-4
Is it even possible to design museum exhibits that have an above average chance of engaging visitors in meaningful experiences? Museum‐based researchers and designers, working over the past several decades, have endeavored to address this and other questions. Recently, a promising Ideas‐People‐Objects (IPO) model of the visitor experience, subsequently elaborated on to include Physical (IPOP) has been used in the design and subsequent study of visitors' museum experiences. Here I briefly describe the model and introduce three papers featured in this issue of Curator: The Museum Journal that offer new insights and perspectives for understanding the theory behind the model, as well as features of the IPOP model that have been used in the design and interpretation of exhibitions, and a comparison of analytic techniques that produce results that can be used in IPOP‐related research. 相似文献
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Abstract In 1999, the first author and his colleagues at the Smithsonian Institution published an article in Curator: The Museum Journal introducing research on the experiences visitors find satisfying in museums. Subsequent data collection has expanded on these findings, as this Research Note will elucidate. In general, the team found that experiences that visitors were looking forward to on entrance tended to have a distribution similar to that of the experiences they found satisfying on exit. The aim of this note is to present data that demonstrates this consistency, and to observe that visitors’ expectations that they would have certain types of experiences upon entering a museum or exhibition were a much larger factor in determining their responses than were minor differences in museum or exhibition content or presentation. In other words, on the whole they came in knowing what experiences they expected, and they left having found them, regardless of what museum personnel presented to them inside. 相似文献