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《Communication monographs》2012,79(1):41-65
This essay develops a phenomenological perspective of silence and illustrates its principles through a study of the Vietnam Veterans Memorial. Traditionally viewed as the absence of speech, silence is discussed as a potential human response to all forms of symbolic expression. Encounters experienced as silent present a challenge; they also provide the opportunity for authentic self‐discovery, which has implications for the relationship of the individual to others and to the state. The Vietnam Veterans Memorial is discussed as an architectural instance of object‐silence. The meanings individuals find at the Memorial can be distinguished in terms of various public signs of understanding that characterize their interplay with the Memorial. 相似文献
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《Communication monographs》2012,79(2):168-177
This programmatic research tests a model of social interaction. Six elements: content, interpretation, emotion, transference, selection, and relationships, abstracted from the literature, are said to constitute the domain of social interaction. In the model the substances exchanged in the interaction are posited to determine their form of expression, and variables at deeper phenomenal levels are hypothesized to determine those at more surface levels. Phase I examined three alternative models based on this perspective of social interaction and identified the superior of the three, which is also tested here. Phase II corrected some methodological problems detected in the first phase and further confirmed the utility of the model examined here. The current phase of this research, Phase III, extends the model to the context of non‐enduring interactions. It uses respondent self‐reports to test the model in the following experimental situations: interacting in the presence of radio news, radio entertainment, television news, and television entertainment. The results, as in the previous phases, are quite supportive of this perspective of social interaction and demonstrate that it can be extended to the context of initial interactions. 相似文献
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《Journal of Informetrics》2022,16(1):101251
Women have long suffered in both academia and industry from lower status, underrepresentation, unequal treatment, and other challenges based on gender. This paper explores whether a gender-neutral name is associated with the research impact of a scientist by examining three years of citations. The data for this study are derived from publications indexed in ISI's Web of Science (WoS) database from 2009 to 2015. By assigning a name neutralization index score to each author, we investigate the relationship between the neutralization index and citations and find the following results: (1) generally, the more neutral the name, the more citations the publications received; (2) the neutral effect was more pronounced for authors with feminine names than for authors with masculine names. 相似文献
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Word‐of‐mouth (WOM) communication is introduced within a hierarchy‐of‐effects context. The results of a laboratory experiment suggest that amount of WOM information about products is less important than valence of that information. Counter to previous research implying a disproportionate influence of negative information on product evaluation, negative WOM information in the experiment reported resulted in less familiarity with the mentioned brand. Further, a somewhat surprising finding indicated that brand‐specific negative WOM communication can have the effect of decreasing primary demand for an entire product category. 相似文献
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Kleinbergs HITS algorithm (Kleinberg 1999), which was originally developed in a Web context, tries to infer the authoritativeness of a Web page in relation to a specific query using the structure of a subgraph of the Web graph, which is obtained considering this specific query. Recent applications of this algorithm in contexts far removed from that of Web searching (Bacchin, Ferro and Melucci 2002, Ng et al. 2001) inspired us to study the algorithm in the abstract, independently of its particular applications, trying to mathematically illuminate its behaviour. In the present paper we detail this theoretical analysis. The original work starts from the definition of a revised and more general version of the algorithm, which includes the classic one as a particular case. We perform an analysis of the structure of two particular matrices, essential to studying the behaviour of the algorithm, and we prove the convergence of the algorithm in the most general case, finding the analytic expression of the vectors to which it converges. Then we study the symmetry of the algorithm and prove the equivalence between the existence of symmetry and the independence from the order of execution of some basic operations on initial vectors. Finally, we expound some interesting consequences of our theoretical results.Supported in part by a grant from the Italian National Research Council (CNR) research project Technologies and Services for Enhanced Content Delivery. 相似文献
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Michael T. Stephenson 《Communication Studies》2013,64(4):358-380
Anti‐drug media campaigns have changed the drug‐consumption behaviors of high sensation seekers in part through a campaign strategy called SENTAR. This strategy relies largely on high sensation value messages, which contain structural and content features that elicit sensory, affective, and arousal responses. To learn more about the persuasiveness of high sensation value ads, this investigation focused on the processing of anti‐heroin PSAs by 200 young adults. Of specific interest was the influence of perceived message sensation value on three types of processing (argument‐based, narrative, and sensory), two affect variables (sympathetic distress and stimulated excitation), and anti‐heroin attitudes. Sensation seeking was examined as a moderator of these effects. In general, sensation seeking moderated the effects of perceived message sensation value and sensory processing on sympathetic distress and anti‐heroin attitudes. Additionally, high sensation seekers’ anti‐heroin attitudes were largely influenced by narrative and sensory processing, while low sensation seekers’ anti‐heroin attitudes were relatively unaffected by the anti‐heroin ads. 相似文献
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The study applied self-determination theory to examine detrimental effects of instructor misbehaviors in the college classroom. Participants were 223 undergraduate students who reported on their instructor’s antagonism and lecture misbehaviors in a course, along with their basic psychological need fulfillment (i.e., autonomy, competence, relatedness) and intrinsic motivation to learn. Results indicated that (a) lecture misbehaviors were more detrimental to students’ competence and relatedness than antagonism misbehaviors; and (b) students’ intrinsic motivation to learn was influenced by students’ basic psychological needs and instructor misbehaviors. 相似文献
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The hypothesis that a speaker's perceived confidence is a function of his self‐image was studied in this investigation. Seventeen matched pairs of subjects were picked on the basis of a pretest of the Personal Report of Confidence as a Speaker index. The experimental subjects were given indirect suggestion that their audiences viewed them as confident speakers. Posttest differences between treatments was significant at the 5% level of confidence. 相似文献
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This questionnaire-based case study investigated non-Anglophone readers’ perceptions of a ‘periphery’ online English language teaching journal. Findings showed respondents (n = 37) regarded its policy of publishing ‘alternative voice’ non-standard academic papers as acceptable. Although seen as a research conduit for and by new periphery academics, some requested impact factor indexing whilst recognizing the journal’s qualitative features. Contrasted with studies showing conservative perceptions by journal reviewers on academic writing, non-Anglophone readers were more open-minded to non-standard language use. It is argued then that the findings and methodology from this small-scale study may resonate with other studies into new online periphery journals. 相似文献
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Parental monitoring of children’s television viewing is an important family practice that helps children understand the messages they find on advertisements and program content. Research points at different dimensions of monitoring, including parental co-viewing, rules about when and how much time children can watch television, and active parental mediation. The study describes different dimensions of parental monitoring in a sample of 303 caregivers of primary school children living in Lima. Main findings reveal that about a third of the sample engaged in parental monitoring never, rarely or sometimes, the education level of the caregiver was positively associated with limiting the time children can watch television, and that child’s age was negatively associated with the frequency of active mediation and limits on the content children may watch on TV. Further research is needed in order to understand the practice of parental monitoring across children’s age groups in the context of Peru. 相似文献
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In the introduction to a police audio recording of Bristol Palin describing her family’s involvement in an Alaska house party brawl, CNN anchor Carol Costello commented: “This is quite possibly the best minute and a half of audio we’ve ever come across.” The incident, however, involved an alleged assault—an act that mainstream journalism generally reports in a serious manner. Costello’s glib treatment of the event could therefore be seen as potentially breaching the boundaries of professional practice, which brought a widespread media response from both mainstream organizations and right-leaning blogs. Through textual analysis of these items, this study illustrates the challenge of conducting media boundary work—and the role strain that results—when the subject of a story occupies space within both entertainment and news spheres. 相似文献
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《Communication monographs》2012,79(4):304-311
This study hypothesized that cognitively complex individuals would be more effective than cognitively simple individuals at accomplishing a communication dependent task. Analysis revealed that messages (generated by an exercise with tinker toy models and a password game) of complex individuals were more effective than the messages of comparatively simple individuals. 相似文献
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Kay Richardson 《The Communication Review》2013,16(4):481-498
Authenticity is an awkward concept to use in relation to contemporary broadcast political discourse. Not only are political speakers constantly challenged on the authenticity of their performance by their opponents and by journalists: there is also, and perhaps as a result of this, widespread skepticism from the general public. This article reviews the performance of a number of political actors in British public life—Jeffrey Archer, Tony Blair, John Gummer—with particular reference to the identities and claims they sought to promote, in virtue of which their authenticity was called into question. 相似文献
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E. A. Vasilenko T. V. Meshcheryakova E. M. Kol’tsova E. A. Dikaya 《Scientific and Technical Information Processing》2011,38(3):193-200
The existing open-source object-oriented systems that can be used as an environment to upload and to store information-educational
resources for distance learning (open-source LMS\LCMS: ATutor, Claroline, Dokeos, Sakai, and Moodle), are analyzed. The use
of Moodle (a Modular Object-Oriented Dynamic Learning Environment) as the environment for the learning portal of the Mendeleyev
University of Chemical Technology of Russia () is justified. The capabilities of Moodle with regard to the development of information-educational resources are explored
and educational materials are elaborated for a course of study, viz., “Protection of Intellectual Property,” e.g., theoretical
materials, seminar and colloquia exercises, tests for interim and final control of student’s knowledge level, as well as the
elements of a learning process management system for a course of study. 相似文献
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Guidelines are specified in this article for developing video‐taped informative speech models. Faculty members rated selected video‐taped informative speeches on nine variables and two months later rated nine of the same speeches again. The faculty judges were reliable on their ratings for eight of the nine variables rated during the two sessions. Five of the nine speeches were identified as being representative of one of three significantly different levels of excellence. 相似文献