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人际情报网络中的关键联系识别 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
在介绍人际情报网络结构的确定和表示方法基础上,用“去一交替法”,利用网络点度中心势、接近中心势、中介中心势、平均距离以及关键节点对距离等定量指标来识别人际情报网络的关键联系。通过案例研究了该方法在人际情报网络关键联系识别中的运用,发现采用不同指标的识别效果各具特点。这些指标可分别用于识别连接核心节点的关键联系、影响情报交流能力的关键联系、影响情报交流效率的关键联系、对边缘节点情报交流有重要影响的关键联系和影响重要节点间情报交流的关键联系等场合。 相似文献
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Diego Raphael Amancio Osvaldo Novais Oliveira Luciano da Fontoura Costa 《Journal of Informetrics》2012,6(3):427-434
Various factors are believed to govern the selection of references in citation networks, but a precise, quantitative determination of their importance has remained elusive. In this paper, we show that three factors can account for the referencing pattern of citation networks for two topics, namely “graphenes” and “complex networks”, thus allowing one to reproduce the topological features of the networks built with papers being the nodes and the edges established by citations. The most relevant factor was content similarity, while the other two – in-degree (i.e. citation counts) and age of publication – had varying importance depending on the topic studied. This dependence indicates that additional factors could play a role. Indeed, by intuition one should expect the reputation (or visibility) of authors and/or institutions to affect the referencing pattern, and this is only indirectly considered via the in-degree that should correlate with such reputation. Because information on reputation is not readily available, we simulated its effect on artificial citation networks considering two communities with distinct fitness (visibility) parameters. One community was assumed to have twice the fitness value of the other, which amounts to a double probability for a paper being cited. While the h-index for authors in the community with larger fitness evolved with time with slightly higher values than for the control network (no fitness considered), a drastic effect was noted for the community with smaller fitness. 相似文献
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Patents are one of the most reliable sources of technology intelligence, and the true value of patent analysis stems from its capability of describing the content of technology based on the relationships between keywords. To date a number of techniques for analyzing the information contained in patent documents that focus on the relationships between keywords have been suggested. However, a drawback of the existing keyword approaches is that they cannot yet determine the types of relationships between the keywords. This study proposes a novel approach based on preposition semantic analysis network which overcomes the limitations of the existing keywords-based network analysis and demonstrates its potential through an application. A preposition is a word that defines the relationship between two neighboring words, and, in the case of patents, prepositions aid in revealing the relationships between keywords related to technologies. To demonstrate the approach, patents regarding an electric vehicle were employed. 13 prepositions were identified which could be used to define 5 relationships between neighboring technological terms: “inclusion (utilization),” “objective (purpose),” “effect,” “process,” and “likeness.” The proposed approach is expected to improve the usability of keyword-based patent analyses and support more elaborate studies on patent documents. 相似文献
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《Library & information science research》2020,42(3):101029
Social network analysis (SNA) as theoretical framework and quantitatively oriented methodology offers public libraries and public library researchers an as-yet-unexplored way into their big data stories based on these library connections with their community. SNA offers library and information science researchers a methodology, and suggests a new research agenda, to better envision the relationships public libraries have with their communities both in-person and online by exploring the kinds of ties they have, how these ties lead to relationships, and how these relationships can be characterized. The quantitative orientation of SNA combined with its methods of data analysis in the forms of networks and hubs could give libraries the “hard” data they are so often in need of to demonstrate their value to their political leaders, and could uncover new directions in library use and library relationships. 相似文献
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Kai Eriksson 《传播与批判/文化研究》2013,10(4):305-323
Society can no longer be thought of as independent of networks because discourses, theories, images, and institutions have transformed and abandoned the metaphor of hierarchy. This paper investigates the space occupied by the network metaphor during the past few decades and how it deals with the demarcation between what is “inside” and what remains “outside.” Examining theorists such as Manuel Castells, Albert-László Barabási, and Michel Callon, who have tried to map out the conditions of a “network,” the paper elucidates why “networks” should be approached ontologically more than as a matter of a conceptual tool. 相似文献
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The purpose of this paper is to analyse and describe the topological properties of the institutional and national collaboration network from the profiles extracted from Google Scholar Citations (GSC). 19,912 unique profiles with “co-authors” were obtained from a web crawl performed in March 2012. Several statistical and network analysis techniques were used to map and analyse these collaboration relationships at the country and institution level. Results show that The United States dominates the world scientific map and that every research institution is grouped by national, geographical and cultural criteria. A clustering phenomenon based on the self-similarity and fractal properties of scale-free networks is also observed. We conclude that GSC is a suitable tool for collaboration studies only at macro level between countries and institutions. 相似文献
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《Journal of Informetrics》2022,16(1):101245
The paper presents a longitudinal analysis of the evolution of new physics keywords co-occurrence patterns. For that, we explore the documents indexed in the INSPIRE database from 1989 to 2018. Our purpose is to quantify the knowledge structure of the fast-growing subfield of new physics. The development of a novel approach to keywords co-occurrence analysis is the main point of the paper. In contrast to traditional co-keyword network analysis, we investigate structures that unite physics concepts in different documents and bind different documents with the same physics concepts. We consider the structures that reveal relationships among concepts as topological and call them “physics senses”. Based on the notion of trajectory mutual information, the paper offers clustering of physics senses, determines their period of life, and constructs a classification of senses’ “authority”. 相似文献
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Jay Rounds 《Curator: The Museum Journal》2012,55(4):413-434
Abstract Currently dominant ideas about the social accountability of museums demand that museums produce “intended outcomes”: positive changes to visitors. Proponents commonly depict this process as a “logic model,” a tightly controlled sequence of events that moves from goal to intended outcome. A tightly coupled system obliges all elements to work toward a common goal. But studies in a variety of fields have shown that tightly coupled systems are achievable only under specific environmental conditions, which are not met within the network of relationships in which museums work. Instead, this article views the museum and its relationships as a loosely coupled system. Each element has its own purposes, and strives to maintain its own autonomy. Interests overlap, but are not identical. In the loosely coupled system, encounters generate a wide and unpredictable range of events. This approach offers advantages for the long‐term sustainability of museums. 相似文献
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异构信息网络融合方法研究综述 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
[目的/意义] 异构信息网络融合对于异构信息网络本身及其相关应用意义重大。综述异构信息网络融合方法,并进行客观的分析和评价,以期为进一步研究提供新的思路。[方法/过程] 在对异构信息网络及其相关概念进行辨析的基础上,对异构信息网络融合方法进行调研、分析与归纳,评述该领域的研究现状,提出未来可能的研究方向。[结果/结论] 异构信息网络融合方法分为基于元路径提取、多重关系网络及超图/超网络建模等五种类型,具体方法各有优势与局限;当前异构信息网络融合研究尚处起步阶段,研究方法有待丰富;基于元路径提取的融合方法显现不足;基于异构信息网络融合的应用型研究需进一步开拓。 相似文献
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Lorenza Parisi 《The Communication Review》2020,23(1):66-89
ABSTRACTIn this paper, we address algorithmic imaginary, perception and tactics of Italian dating apps users. Little attention has hitherto been devoted to the ways in which the algorithms employed by mobile dating platforms (to rate users, to manage user visibility, to arrange results) might contrast, or enhance, people’s homophily. Our goal is to explore whether and how mobile dating algorithms modify the perception of what we define as “relational filter bubbles”; and whether, and how, users believe dating algorithms reshape (extend or limit) the heterogeneity of their intimate interactions. The paper builds on literature addressing online dating, the datafication of society, the rise of the so-called quantified self, and of the algorithmic culture. We organized 4 focus groups involving Italian dating apps users, who reported a variety of sexual orientations and of dating apps usage. Overall, while dating apps’ algorithms operate in an opaque way, participants developed an “algorithmic imaginary”. Moreover, they appreciate the role of mobile dating apps in reinforcing their relational homophily (their tendency to like people that are “similar” to them), whilst, at the same time, mainly using these apps for increasing the diversity of their intimate interactions in terms of extending their preexisting networks. 相似文献
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Jane Cho 《Library Collections, Acquisitions, and Technical Services》2013,37(3-4):107-117
In order to analyze and compare the intellectual structure of information organization research in Japan and Korea, this study has carried out frequency analysis and network text analysis of research articles published in the last two years. Analysis showed that the Japanese information organization area has a high frequency of research centered on the concepts of “catalog” and “classification”. In particular, “catalog” is seen to have a high figure in degree centrality by network text analysis, it can be said that the “catalog” concept has extensive connections with a diverse range of subjects in the area of information organization. On the other hand, the Korean information organization research area showed a high frequency and connectivity of subjects related to “classification” rather than “catalog”. The “classification” concept is seen to have extensive connections with other various subjects in the Korean information organization research area. 相似文献
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John H. Lerch 《广播与电子媒介杂志》2013,57(3):213-224
The question of “who is to supply programs” to television networks is one that affects viewers, advertisers, and licensees as well as networks and program producers and packagers. The revolutionary change that took place in the early 1950's, when the advertising agency was supplanted by the network as the primary source of programming, cured many then‐existing problems, but led to complaints that the networks could and did prevent “outside” creative program agencies from having an outlet for their productions. These complaints, added to those presented in Congress and elsewhere about the present quality of television programming, led to the proposal discussed in the following article. Often mislabeled, and still more often misunderstood, the FCC's proposal is intended to “preserve intact the present structure of television network broadcasting, but seeks within that structure to improve conditions of competition in the program process.” 相似文献
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In his recent book, “The World is Flat”, Thomas L. Friedman reviews the impact of networks on globalization. The emergence of the Internet, web browsers, computer applications talking to each other through the Internet, and the open source software, among others, made the world flatter and created an opportunity for individuals to collaborate and compete globally. Friedman predicts that “connecting all the knowledge centers on the planet together into a single global network… could usher in an amazing era of prosperity and innovation”. Networking also is changing the ways by which libraries and museums provide access to information sources and services. In the flat world, libraries and museums are no longer a physical “place” only: they are becoming “virtual destinations”. This paper discusses the implications of this transformation for the digitization and preservation of, and access to, cultural heritage resources. 相似文献
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在万物互联时代,边缘计算的出现弥补云计算的不足,将影响智慧档案馆建设的模式。本文从边缘计算的概念及发展历史出发,阐释边缘计算的特点,在总结智慧档案馆特点的基础上,分析智慧档案馆建设引入边缘计算的优势。在此基础上,提出智慧档案馆建设的“云边模式”,分析数字档案馆模式由“个体模式”向“云模式”再向“云边模式”的演进过程。最后分析智慧档案馆发展边缘计算需要解决的边缘计算部署、信息安全与用户隐私、多源异构平台数据共享等问题,以期建设更加智慧的智慧档案馆。 相似文献
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Alexander Wolff 《Informatik - Forschung und Entwicklung》2007,22(1):23-44
This paper deals with automating the drawing of subway maps. There are two features of schematic
subway maps that make them different from drawings of other networks such as flow charts or organigrams.
First, most schematic subway maps use not only horizontal and vertical lines, but also diagonals. This
gives more flexibility in the layout process, but it also makes the problem provably hard. Second, a subway
map represents a network whose components have geographic locations that are roughly known to the users
of such a map. This knowledge must be respected during the search for a clear layout of the network.
For the sake of visual clarity the underlying geography may be distorted, but it must not be given up, otherwise
map users will be hopelessly confused.
In this paper we first give a rather generally accepted list of rules that should be adhered
to by a good subway map. Next we survey three recent methods for drawing subway maps, analyze their
performance with respect to the above rules, and compare the resulting maps among each other and to official
subway maps drawn by graphic designers. We then focus on one of the methods, which is based on mixed-integer
linear programming, a widely-used global optimization technique. This method guarantees to find a drawing
that fulfills a subset of the above-mentioned rules (if such a drawing exists) and optimizes a weighted
sum of costs that correspond to the remaining rules. The method can draw even large subway networks such
as the London Underground in an aesthetically pleasing manner, similar to maps made by professional graphic
designers. If station labels are included in the optimization process, so far only medium-size networks
can be drawn. Finally we give evidence why drawing good subway maps is difficult (even without labels). 相似文献
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We analyze whether preferential attachment in scientific coauthorship networks is different for authors with different forms of centrality. Using a complete database for the scientific specialty of research about “steel structures,” we show that betweenness centrality of an existing node is a significantly better predictor of preferential attachment by new entrants than degree or closeness centrality. During the growth of a network, preferential attachment shifts from (local) degree centrality to betweenness centrality as a global measure. An interpretation is that supervisors of PhD projects and postdocs broker between new entrants and the already existing network, and thus become focal to preferential attachment. Because of this mediation, scholarly networks can be expected to develop differently from networks which are predicated on preferential attachment to nodes with high degree centrality. 相似文献
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This article presents a study that compares detected structural communities in a coauthorship network to the socioacademic characteristics of the scholars that compose the network. The coauthorship network was created from the bibliographic record of a multi-institution, interdisciplinary research group focused on the study of sensor networks and wireless communication. Four different community detection algorithms were employed to assign a structural community to each scholar in the network: leading eigenvector, walktrap, edge betweenness and spinglass. Socioacademic characteristics were gathered from the scholars and include such information as their academic department, academic affiliation, country of origin, and academic position. A Pearson’s χ2test, with a simulated Monte Carlo, revealed that structural communities best represent groupings of individuals working in the same academic department and at the same institution. A generalization of this result suggests that, even in interdisciplinary, multi-institutional research groups, coauthorship is primarily driven by departmental and institutional affiliation. 相似文献