Education should develop the common values needed to enhance the unity and progress of a multi-ethnic, multicultural society. In order to enhance effective learning, students' varied backgrounds should be taken into consideration when designing a curriculum. Clearly, if the curriculum is dominated by the culture of an ethnic majority, and the existence of different ethnic and cultural groups are ignored, the students of non-majority origin perceive themselves to be distinct and may develop antagonistic attitudes toward education, which often lead to failure.In some parts of Turkey, especially the Eastern and Southeastern regions, the majority of the population is of different ethnic origin. ahin and Gülmez (2000b) studied the efficiency of education and the factors affecting the success of students in both regions. They found that illiteracy in those regions was higher when compared with the other regions, that females received less education, and that secondary school students were less successful in nationwide examinations such as OSS (selection examinations for OYS) and OYS (student placement examinations for university entrance). Ethnic diversity alone is not as effective when maintained by cultural diversity. Therefore, the aim of this study was to analyze the differences in cultural values of students with different ethnic backgrounds. Differences in curriculum and teaching materials were analyzed with regard to the perceptions of those students who identified themselves as ethnically different and not of Turkish origin.The results of this study indicate that the quality of the school curriculum and text books assessed were significantly different for those students identified to be not of Turkish origin and therefore appeared to be culturally unresponsive, a factor which may lead to the educational failure for many students of different ethnic origins. 相似文献
尽管 XML 文档类型定义提供了一种机器可读形式的、能够说明 XML 语言语法的机制,但目前并没有类似的机制来指定 XML 词汇表的具体语义。这意味着没办法说明 XML 标记的意义,由 XML 形式呈现的事实和关系无法清晰、全面和规范地定义。这在实践和理论上都引起了严重的后果。从积极的方面看,XML 结构能被赋予任意语义,并可用于最初的设计者无法预见的领域。从不太积极的方面来看,内容开发者和软件工程师必须依靠乏味的文档,或者更糟的情况是,只能依靠猜测标记语言设计者的意图来开展工作。这一过程既费时费力,又易出错,还无法核实验证。即便是设计者当初的建档工作做得相当完美,不如意的情况还是会发生。另外,对标记语义本质研究的匮乏也意味着属于工程应用领域的数字文档处理根本没有什么理论。尽管目前正在进行的一些工程（XML 模式、RDF、语义网）已经取得了一些成绩,但是这些工程都没有直接全面地解决XML 标记语义的核心问题。本文回顾了标记意义这个概念的发展历史,阐明了解释 XML 正式语义的动机,并介绍了一个研究语义的科研项目——BECHAMEL 标记语义计划。 相似文献
Different classes of first-principle pseudopotentials are compared and various schemes for pseudopotential generation based
on norm conservation are discussed in this paper. BHS (Bachelet, Hamann, and Schlüter)-scheme and V (Vanderbilt)-modifications
are used to derive the KB (Kleinman and Bylander)-pseudopotentials and pseudo wave functions of bismuth. Quality test of pseudopotentials
shows that no ghost states occur in the logarithmic derivatives of pseudo wave functions of Bismuth. The obtained bond length
of bismuth dimer with this type of pseudopotentials is in good agreement with previous accurately calculatedab initio quantum chemical result.
Project supported by the Ministry of Science and Technology of China (NKBRSF-G19990646), the Postdoctoral Science Foundation
of China, and the Scientific Research Foundation of State Education Ministry for Returned Overseas Chinese Scholars 相似文献
Various adaptive designs have been proposed and applied to clinical trials, bioassay, psychophysics, etc. Adaptive designs
are also useful in high cost engineering trials. More and more people have been paying attention to these design methods.
This paper introduces several broad families of designs, such as the play-the-winner rule, randomized play-the-winner rule
and its generalization to the multi-arm case, doubly biased coin adaptive design, Markov chain model.
Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 19571021 and 10071072). 相似文献
This study examines pre-school children's learning styles by utilising a mathematical model. The model uses a Euclidean geometry algorithm to generate a graphical representation of the learning styles. The algorithm of the developed mathematical model was developed as a practical application of the theoretical assumptions. Index of Learning Styles for Children (ILSC), developed by one of the researchers, has been applied to a total of 301 five-year-old children. Results of the study indicate that children utilise the active, cognitive and visual learning styles under the control of the right hemisphere, and the sequential (analytical) learning styles under the control of the left hemisphere. The modelling algorithm reveals that the children's learning style preferences are shifted towards the right hemisphere at the rate of 8%. The results also provide empirical support that the developed model can mathematically explain the theoretical assumptions it is based on. 相似文献
Background: This study uses problem-based learning (PBL) to ensure that students comprehend the significance of green chemistry better by experiencing the stages of identifying the problem, developing hypotheses, and providing solutions within the problem-solving process.
Purpose: The aim of this study is to research the effect of PBL implemented in cation analysis experiments in an analytical chemistry laboratory course on students’ level of understanding of the subject of ‘Green Chemistry and Sustainability’.
The study group: The study group consists of second-grade students who participated in an Analytical Chemistry Laboratory within the General Chemistry III course in the Department of Science Education of the Faculty of Education of a state university in Turkey (N = 63).
Design and methods: Quasi-experimental design was used in this research. Students were randomly divided into two groups, an experimental group (N = 31) and a control group (N = 32). Laboratory experiments in which qualitative and quantitative cation group analyses were conducted were carried out in the experimental group with PBL that involved five different scenarios inspired by daily life. In the control group, experiments were performed as closed-ended experiments. The ‘Green Chemistry and Sustainability Test’ (GCST) and semi-structured interviews were used as data collection tools. The independent sample t-test was used in determining whether there was a significant difference between groups by GCST, reviewing pre-test–post-test scores for the control and experimental groups, and semi-structured interviews were analyzed by content analysis.
Results: The results showed that there was a significant difference in favor of the experimental group in GCST post-test scores (t = 10.554, p < 0.05). Considering students’ opinions, there were positive statements, such as that they had taken an active role and had their interest aroused interest since problems in the experiments were related to daily life.
Conclusion: PBL enhanced students’ level of understanding of green chemistry and sustainability subjects and helped them obtain a different perspective in terms of environmental awareness. 相似文献
This study examined the effects of gratitude journaling on first-year college students’ adjustment, life satisfaction, and positive affect. Students who scored high (i.e., scores between 35 and 56) on the Perceived Stress Scale (Cohen et al. in Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 24, 385–396, 1983) and low (i.e., scores between 48 and 144) on the University Life Scale (Alada? et al. in Türk Psikolojik Dan??ma ve Rehberlik Dergisi, 2(20), 41–47, 2003) were invited to participate in the study. Among the 24 students who met the criteria, 21 volunteered to participate. Students in the experimental group (11) kept a gratitude journal for 3 weeks, whilst those in the control group (10) were not involved in any gratitude-related activity. Results indicated that students in the experimental group had significantly higher post-test scores on gratitude, adjustment to university life, life satisfaction, and positive affect. Results related to gratitude interventions, positive emotions and college student adjustment are discussed. 相似文献
