Introduction to the Open File     

Aaron Benavot 《Prospects》2008,38(3):295-304

After briefly describing the emergence and evolution of the global movement toward Education for All (EFA), the Introduction discusses the difficulties of employing target goals to bring about significant policy change and educational transformation. The article then presents a comprehensive overview of the uneven progress towards EFA since 2000, both across regions and within countries, but also across the six goals themselves. The final section outlines the priority steps to be taken by international agencies, national governments, civil society and donors to support EFA in the years to come.

Aaron BenavotEmail:

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Aaron Benavot (United States of America and Israel)   is Professor of Global Education Policy in the Department of Educational Administration and Policy Studies at the University at Albany-State University of New York. Previously, he served 4 years as Senior Policy Analyst on the Education for All Global Monitoring Report team at UNESCO headquarters in Paris. Benavot’s comparative research has explored the evolution of basic education—namely, educational expansion and compulsory schooling, the isomorphism of official curricular policies, the diversification of secondary education, school differences in curricular implementation, the changing status of vocational education and the growth of national learning assessments. He has also studied the impact of education on economic development and political democratization. Books he has co-authored or edited include: School knowledge for the masses (with J. Meyer and D. Kamens), Law and the shaping of public education (with D. Tyack and T. James), Global educational expansion: Historical legacies and political obstacles (with J. Resnik and J. Corrales) and School knowledge in comparative and historical perspective (with C. Braslavsky).  相似文献   

The return of the grand metanarratives of progress     

Raymond Aaron Younis  Damien Broderick  Kim Humphery 《Metascience》1997,6(1):49-62

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Thin film electro-osmotic pumps for biomicrofluidic applications     

John M. Edwards  IV  Mark N. Hamblin  Hernan V. Fuentes  Bridget A. Peeni  Milton L. Lee  Adam T. Woolley    Aaron R. Hawkins 《Biomicrofluidics》2007,1(1)

Electro-osmotic flow (EOF) pumps are attractive for fluid manipulation in microfluidic channels. Open channel EOF pumps can produce high pressures and flow rates, and are relatively easy to fabricate on-chip or integrate with other microfluidic or electrical components. An EOF pump design that is conducive to on-chip fabrication consists of multiple small channel arms feeding into a larger flow channel. We have fabricated this type of pump design using a thin film deposition process that avoids wafer bonding. We have evaluated pumps fabricated on both silicon and glass substrates. Consistent flow rate versus electric field were obtained. For the range of 40–400 V, flow rates of 0.19–2.30 μL∕min were measured. Theoretical calculations of pump efficiency were made, as well as calculations of the mechanical power generated by various pump shapes, to investigate design parameters that should improve future pumps.  相似文献   

Casual Games and Casual Learning About Human Biological Systems     

C. Aaron Price  Katherine Gean  Claire G. Christensen  Elham Beheshti  Bryn Pernot  Gloria Segovia  Halcyon Person  Steven Beasley  Patricia Ward 《Journal of Science Education and Technology》2016,25(1):111-126

Casual games are everywhere. People play them throughout life to pass the time, to engage in social interactions, and to learn. However, their simplicity and use in distraction-heavy environments can attenuate their potential for learning. This experimental study explored the effects playing an online, casual game has on awareness of human biological systems. Two hundred and forty-two children were given pretests at a Museum and posttests at home after playing either a treatment or control game. Also, 41 children were interviewed to explore deeper meanings behind the test results. Results show modest improvement in scientific attitudes, ability to identify human biological systems and in the children’s ability to describe how those systems work together in real-world scenarios. Interviews reveal that children drew upon their prior school learning as they played the game. Also, on the surface they perceived the game as mainly entertainment but were easily able to discern learning outcomes when prompted. Implications for the design of casual games and how they can be used to enhance transfer of knowledge from the classroom to everyday life are discussed.  相似文献   

Deparochializing Education: Globalization,regionalization, and the formation of an ASEAN education space1     

Aaron Koh 《Discourse: Studies in the Cultural Politics of Education》2007,28(2):179-195

Research on the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) has hitherto attracted scholarly attention and debate by both regional and international scholars working in area studies, such as international relations and Asia-Pacific/Southeast Asia studies. Confined to area studies, scholarly research on ASEAN is limiting because the parameters of research are invariably locked into issues related to economics, politics, security, and trade development in and around the region. Notably, education has been an under-researched topic. On the cusp of its 40th anniversary ASEAN envisages the formation of an ASEAN identity and socio-cultural community. As a point of departure from area studies, this paper engages in “regionalist thinking” about ASEAN, education and identity making. This “regionalist thinking” is, however, only thinkable and imaginable with reference to the “global,” because as a region ASEAN, whether perceived in geographical or in spatial terms, is part of the global sphere in which it is embedded. I argue in this paper that while historically education and schooling are directly related to the imaginaries of nation building and national identity making, the call for the creation of an ASEAN identity and the formation of a socio-cultural community requires that nation states in the region deparochialize education and redesign pedagogies that “teach and learn beyond the nation.”  相似文献   

The Privileged Status of Knowing Mechanistic Information: An Early Epistemic Bias     

Kristi L. Lockhart  Aaron Chuey  Sophie Kerr  Frank C. Keil 《Child development》2019,90(5):1772-1788

Four studies with 180 5–7 year olds, 165 8–11 year olds and 199 adults show that young children appreciate the distinctive role played by mechanistic explanations in tracking causal patterns. Young children attributed greater knowledge to individuals offering mechanistic reasons for a claim than others who provide equally detailed nonmechanistic reasons. In Study 1, 5–7 year olds attributed greater knowledge to those offering mechanistic reasons. In Studies 2 and 3, all ages (5–7 and adults for Study 2; 5–7, 8–11 and adults for Study 3) assigned greater knowledge to those offering mechanistic reasons about causally central features than those offering nonmechanistic reasons. In Study 4, all ages (5–7, 8–11, adults) modulated the epistemic bias as a function of embedding goals.  相似文献   

Examining Character Structure and Function Across Childhood and Adolescence     

Jennifer Shubert  Laura Wray-Lake  Amy K. Syvertsen  Aaron Metzger 《Child development》2019,90(4):e505-e524

Character strengths are an integral component of positive youth development that can promote flourishing. Developmental principles posit constructs become increasingly complex with age, yet this process has not been examined with character. Using a socioeconomically and ethnically diverse sample of 2,467 youth ages 9–19, bifactor models were estimated across elementary, middle, and high school-age groups to examine age differences in character structure and function. With successive age, a greater number of specific character strength factors were identified, suggesting character structure becomes more differentiated across adolescence. Results linking character bifactor models to indicators of positive functioning also supported differentiation in character function across ages. Findings point to the need for theoretical and empirical considerations of character structure and function across development.  相似文献   

Ground reaction forces and kinematics of plant leg position during instep kicking in male and female collegiate soccer players     

Heidi Orloff  Bryce Sumida  Janna Chow  Lalae Habibi  Aaron Fujino  Brian Kramer 《Sports biomechanics / International Society of Biomechanics in Sports》2013,12(2):238-247

The players' ability to achieve the greatest distance in kicking is determined by their efficiency in transferring kinetic energy from the body to the ball. The purpose of this study was to compare the kinetics and kinematics of the plant leg position between male and female collegiate soccer players during instep kicking. Twenty-three soccer players (11 males and 12 females) were filmed in both the sagittal and posterior views while performing a maximal instep kick. Plant leg kinetic data were also collected using an AMTI 1000 force platform. There were no significant differences between the sexes in plant leg position, but females had significantly greater trunk lean, plant leg angle, and medial-lateral ground reaction force than the males. Males showed higher vertical ground reaction forces at ball contact, but there were no significant differences in ball speed at take-off between the sexes. Ball speed at take-off was inversely related to peak anterior–posterior ground reaction force ( ? 0.65). The anatomical differences between the sexes were reflected in greater trunk lean and lower leg angle in the females.  相似文献   

Salvaging value from project failure     

Aaron U. Bolin 《Performance Improvement》2012,51(5):12-16

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An Examination of the Potential Relationship Between Technology and Persistence Among At-Risk College Students     

Aaron  W.  Hughey Charlene  M.  Manco 《美中教育评论》2012,(5):544-550

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