ACKNOWLEDGMENTS     

Samuel M. Taylor  Zahava D. Doering  Vani Hardev 《Curator: The Museum Journal》2000,43(4):375-375

  相似文献   

The Use of Radiography in the Analysis of Resin-Embedded Lizards     

Aaron M. Bauer  William R. Branch 《Curator: The Museum Journal》1995,38(3):185-189

  相似文献   

Decoding and sight-word naming: Are they independent components of word recognition skill?     

Aaron  P. G.  Joshi  R. M.  Ayotollah  Mahboobeh  Ellsberry  Annie  Henderson  Janet  Lindsey  Kim 《Reading and writing》1999,11(2):89-127

Word recognition skill is the foundation of the reading process. Word recognition could be accomplished by two major strategies: phonological decoding and sight-word reading, the latter being a marker for proficient reading. There is, however, a controversy regarding the relationship between decoding and sight-word reading, whether the two are independent or the latter is built on the foundations of the former. A related controversy about instructional strategy could be whether to use whole-word method to improve word recognition skills, or to first build decoding skills and then introduce sight words. Five goals were set up to address these issues: (a) developing a criterion that can be used easily by classroom teachers to assess sight-word reading ability, (b) examining this relationship between decoding and sight-word reading, (c) identifying the mechanism that can explain the relationship, (d) examining factors that facilitate sight-word reading, and (e) discussing potential instructional implications of these findings. In order to accomplish these goals, naming time and word-naming accuracy of three groups of subjects (elementary school children, children identified as having reading disability, and college students) were studied by using a variety of verbal materials. The over-all conclusions are that the difference in naming time of letters and words can be used as a metric for assessing sight-word reading skill. Sight-word reading appears to be intimately related to decoding. Sight-word reading is accomplished by parallel processing of constituent letters of words and is influenced also by the semantic nature of words. It is conjectured that sight-word reading instruction is likely to be successful if decoding skills are firmly established first.  相似文献   

Drawing Together and Falling Apart     

Aaron D. Knochel 《Parallax》2018,24(3):295-305

  相似文献   

Field Analysis and Interdisciplinary Science: Scientific Capital Exchange in Behavior Genetics     

Aaron L. Panofsky 《Minerva》2011,49(3):295-316

This paper uses Pierre Bourdieu’s field theory to develop tools for analyzing interdisciplinary scientific fields. Interdisciplinary fields are scientific spaces where no single form of scientific capital has a monopoly and therefore multiple forms of scientific capital constitute the structures and stakes of scientific competition. Scientists compete to accumulate and define forms of scientific capital and also to set the rates of exchange between them. The paper illustrates this framework by applying it to the interdisciplinary field of behavior genetics. Most behavior geneticists envision their participation in the field as a means to compete for scientific capital in other fields. However, the scientific capital of behavior genetics has different values for scientists attempting to deploy it in different neighboring fields. These values depend on situations in each field and the ways behavior genetics mediates relationships among them. The pattern of relationships of exchange helps explain the social hierarchy and several features of knowledge production within behavior genetics.  相似文献   

Ground reaction forces and kinematics of plant leg position during instep kicking in male and female collegiate soccer players     

Orloff H  Sumida B  Chow J  Habibi L  Fujino A  Kramer B 《Sports biomechanics / International Society of Biomechanics in Sports》2008,7(2):238-247

The players' ability to achieve the greatest distance in kicking is determined by their efficiency in transferring kinetic energy from the body to the ball. The purpose of this study was to compare the kinetics and kinematics of the plant leg position between male and female collegiate soccer players during instep kicking. Twenty-three soccer players (11 males and 12 females) were filmed in both the sagittal and posterior views while performing a maximal instep kick. Plant leg kinetic data were also collected using an AMTI 1000 force platform. There were no significant differences between the sexes in plant leg position, but females had significantly greater trunk lean, plant leg angle, and medial-lateral ground reaction force than the males. Males showed higher vertical ground reaction forces at ball contact, but there were no significant differences in ball speed at take-off between the sexes. Ball speed at take-off was inversely related to peak anterior-posterior ground reaction force (-0.65). The anatomical differences between the sexes were reflected in greater trunk lean and lower leg angle in the females.  相似文献   

Physiological responses and time-motion characteristics of various small-sided soccer games in youth players     

Hill-Haas SV  Dawson BT  Coutts AJ  Rowsell GJ 《Journal of sports sciences》2009,27(1):1-8

The aim of this study was to examine acute physiological responses and time-motion characteristics associated with three different small-sided soccer game formats in youth players. Sixteen male soccer players aged 16.3+/-0.6 years (mean+/-s) completed three variations of a small-sided game (i.e. 2 vs. 2, 4 vs. 4, and 6 vs. 6 players) in which heart rate, rating of perceived exertion (RPE), blood lactate concentration, and time-motion characteristics were recorded. The pitch size was altered to keep the relative pitch area per player consistent for each game format. The 2 vs. 2 games exhibited greater blood lactate, heart rate, and RPE responses compared with 4 vs. 4 and 6 vs. 6 games (P<0.05). The players travelled less (P<0.05) distance at speeds of 0-7 km.h(-1) in the 4 vs. 4 compared with the 2 vs. 2 games (1128+/-10 m and 1176+/-8 m, respectively). Average maximal sprint distances above 18 km.h(-1) were lower (P<0.05) in 2 vs. 2 than in 4 vs. 4 and 6 vs. 6 games (11.5+/-3.9 m, 15.3+/-5.5 m, and 19.4+/-5.9 m, respectively), and in 4 vs. 4 compared with 6 vs. 6 games. The results show that as small-sided game formats decrease in size and relative pitch area remains constant, overall physiological and perceptual workload increases.  相似文献   

Permissible control of general constrained mechanical systems     

Aaron D. Schutte 《Journal of The Franklin Institute》2010,347(1):208-227

This paper develops a unified approach for modeling and controlling mechanical systems that are constrained with general holonomic and nonholonomic constraints. The approach conceptually distinguishes and separates constraints that are imposed on the mechanical system for developing its physical structure between constraints that may be used for control purposes. This gives way to a general class of nonlinear control systems for constrained mechanical systems in which the control inputs are viewed as the permissible control forces. In light of this view, a new and simple technique for designing nonlinear state feedback controllers for constrained mechanical systems is presented. The general applicability of the approach is demonstrated by considering the nonlinear control of an underactuated system.  相似文献   

Evaluation of the "under-21 rule": do young adult soccer players benefit?     

Vaeyens R  Coutts A  Philippaerts RM 《Journal of sports sciences》2005,23(10):1003-1012

Young adult soccer players often encounter difficulty progressing from youth competition to being regularly selected for high-level, open-age competition. In an attempt to increase the playing opportunities of semi-professional and amateur under-21 players in first teams, the Royal Belgian Football Association required national division teams to include at least two players younger than 21 in their match selection (under-21 rule). Over four seasons, the following variables were analysed across 2138 semi-professional and amateur soccer players aged 16-39 years: (1) the number of times a player was selected to be in the first team squad; (2) the number of times a player was selected to play in the starting line-up; and (3) the number of minutes played. Chi-square analysis demonstrated that second and third division teams had complied with the new selection regulations. However, two-way analysis of variance of individual player data revealed no increase in the number of playing minutes in the under-21 group. It would appear that many teams had complied with the new regulations by selecting young players as substitutes. The results highlight the difficulties that talented young soccer players experience progressing from youth to senior competition. We conclude that the rule imposed by the Royal Belgian Football Association has failed to improve the playing opportunities of young adult soccer players. Alternative strategies for increasing playing opportunities for young talented players are required.  相似文献   

Comment on Roper’s discussion of the language and generality of schedule-induced behavior     

Cora Lee Wetherington  Aaron J. Brownstein 《Learning & behavior》1982,10(4):537-539

  相似文献