The politics of accountability for school curriculum: An Australian case study     

Alan Smithson 《International Review of Education/Internationale Zeitschrift für Erziehungswissenschaft/Revue internationale l'éducation》1987,33(1):3-32

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Managerialism and equalities: tensions within widening access policy and practice for disabled students in UK universities   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Sheila Riddell  Elisabet Weedon  Mary Fuller  Mick Healey  Alan Hurst  Katie Kelly  Linda Piggott 《Higher Education》2007,54(4):615-628

This paper draws on a four-year longitudinal ESRC funded project examining learning experiences of disabled students in higher education in four universities. The focus here is on institutional responses to the demands of audit culture and legislation in relation to making reasonable adjustments for students with impairments. The data comes from institutional documents and face-to-face interviews with key informants within the institutions. The findings indicate that quality assurance regimes and legislation have had some positive effect on improving access for disabled students; however, local factors and type of institution also have a major impact on the way that national policies are expressed in particular contexts.  相似文献   

Competition in individualized CAI     

Nira Hativa  Alan Lesgold  Shimon Swissa 《Instructional Science》1992,21(5):365-400

Designers of computer-based practice systems give primary attention to aspects of cognitive learning. However, observations of students practicing arithmetic, with two CAI systems widely used in Israel, revealed factors in the computer learning environment that substantially affected students' social behavior, particularly with respect to competition and cooperation in the course of learning. A questionnaire was designed on the basis of the observations to examine the effects of these factors in CAI work. It was administered to 457 fourth graders in 16 classes (two CAI systems x two SES categories x two schools x two classes). While neither CAI system was intended to foster competition, the observations and questionnaire data suggested that one encourages social comparison and competition whereas the other discourages these features and encourages cooperation and peer help. Boys appear to be significantly more competitive than girls. One system, compared with the other, significantly increases competitive behavior of high achievers (but not of low achievers); results in teachers' greater encouragement of social comparison and competition among students; and, as used in the schools we studied, causes disadvantaged students rather than advantaged students to develop negative feelings because of low CAI performance. The other system discourages competitive behavior and encourages cooperation. All these findings bear important implications for the instructional design of computer-based learning environments.  相似文献   

Chips with Everything: personal attributes of heavy computer users     

Peter Glissov  Gerda Siann  Alan Durndell 《Educational studies》1994,20(3):367-377

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Teaching Economics   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Alan Coddington 《Higher Education Quarterly》1972,26(4):467-470

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Predictive text entry with PAL and children with learning difficulties     

Alan F Newell  Lynda Booth  William Beattie 《British journal of educational technology : journal of the Council for Educational Technology》1991,22(1):23-40

Nine case studies were conducted to evaluate the usefulness of a predictive text entry program within a classroom environment. The program, PAL, was found to be very successful in eight of the cases. For children with poor motor control, the key-saving aspects speeded up text creation. Of even greater significance was the extent to which children with severe spelling problems were helped. They were able to produce much higher quality written work with a substantial reduction in the number of spelling errors. This provided great motivation for the children, and teaching staff commented on their improved confidence and attention span, as well as stimulation of language and vocabulary development. One of the children was on the verge of being classified as a non-reader and, although progress was slow, a significant improvement in the child's work was observed.  相似文献   

青蛙唱情歌吸引配偶     

Alan 《海外英语》2003,(3):17

Aspecies of Asian frog can cleverly adapt the tone of itsmating call to ensure that it booms out across the jungle(丛林)to lure(引诱)a mate,scientists have found. The male Bornean(婆罗洲)tree-hole frog,Metaphrynella sundana,is the first known case of an animalthat is able to test its acoustic(声音的)environment and thenalter its call accordingly,the scientists say.  相似文献   

Origins of individual differences in theory of mind: from nature to nurture?     

Hughes C  Jaffee SR  Happé F  Taylor A  Caspi A  Moffitt TE 《Child development》2005,76(2):356-370

In this study of the origins of individual differences in theory of mind (ToM), the Environmental Risk (E-Risk) Longitudinal Twin Study sample of 1,116 sixty-month-old twin pairs completed a comprehensive battery of ToM tasks. Individual differences in ToM were striking and strongly associated with verbal ability. Behavioral genetic models of the data showed that environmental factors explained the majority of the variance in ToM performance in this sample. Shared environmental influences on verbal ability had a common impact on ToM and explained more than half the phenotypic correlation between these two skills. Possible underlying proximal mechanisms are discussed, including maternal speech and mind-mindedness, sibling interactions, and peer influences.  相似文献   

Phonological working memory: A critical building block for reading development and vocabulary acquisition?   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Susan E. Gathercole  Alan D. Baddeley 《European Journal of Psychology of Education - EJPE》1993,8(3):259-272

In this article we review findings from a recent longitudinal study of the contribution of phonological working memory to vocabulary acquisition and reading development. A total of 80 children were tested initially at school entry at the age of four years, and were tested in three further waves at ages 5, 6, and 8 years. The results indicate that phonological memory skills constrain vocabulary growth during the first year or so in school but that subsequently, vocabulary knowledge is a pacemaker in the development relationship with memory. Phonological memory skill in prereading children was found to be significantly linked with scores on a reading test at age 8 which encourages the use of a phonological recoding strategy. The theoretical and practical implications of the findings, and important areas for future research, are discussed.  相似文献   

Development of an exchange format for the European Environmental Chemical Data and Information Network (ECDIN)     

David J. Proctor  Alan Robson  Margaret A. Veal 《Information processing & management》1978,14(6):429-443

Increasing concern about the release of potentially harmful chemicals into the environment has led to efforts to collect data on such chemicals with a view to identifying and minimising the associated hazards. The collection and storage of such data requires cooperation and communication (both national and international) between partners in a general environmental data network. A format is described for the exchange of data between these network partners. This format is of general applicability. It is shown that a hierarchical tree structure best describes the situation. Rules are derived to identify and process the nodes in the tree such that information is neither lost nor degraded upon transfer between the network partners.  相似文献