Time series analysis of a Web search engine transaction log     

Ying Zhang  Bernard J. Jansen  Amanda Spink 《Information processing & management》2009

In this paper, we use time series analysis to evaluate predictive scenarios using search engine transactional logs. Our goal is to develop models for the analysis of searchers’ behaviors over time and investigate if time series analysis is a valid method for predicting relationships between searcher actions. Time series analysis is a method often used to understand the underlying characteristics of temporal data in order to make forecasts. In this study, we used a Web search engine transactional log and time series analysis to investigate users’ actions. We conducted our analysis in two phases. In the initial phase, we employed a basic analysis and found that 10% of searchers clicked on sponsored links. However, from 22:00 to 24:00, searchers almost exclusively clicked on the organic links, with almost no clicks on sponsored links. In the second and more extensive phase, we used a one-step prediction time series analysis method along with a transfer function method. The period rarely affects navigational and transactional queries, while rates for transactional queries vary during different periods. Our results show that the average length of a searcher session is approximately 2.9 interactions and that this average is consistent across time periods. Most importantly, our findings shows that searchers who submit the shortest queries (i.e., in number of terms) click on highest ranked results. We discuss implications, including predictive value, and future research.  相似文献   

Self,Space and Place: Youth identities and citizenship     

Tom Hall  Amanda Coffey  Howard Williamson 《British Journal of Sociology of Education》1999,20(4):501-513

This paper is concerned with questions of identity, citizenship and social change as these are experienced by young people in the UK today. In the course of recent changes to the context and content of youth transitions the notion of citizenship has come to the fore as a means of discussing young people's move into independent membership of society. Debates about citizenship in the UK currently encompass a range of complex themes - competency, responsibility and active (community) participation which go beyond an understanding of citizenship as a simply technical or legal term. In this paper we adopt a broad conceptualization of citizenship in order to explore the identity work that young people engage in as they negotiate their way through to social majority. In particular, we consider how young people's need for space, and their emergent sense of place, are aspects of a citizenship identity which young people 'learn', work at and negotiate over in their leisure time.  相似文献   

The reliability and validity of an interactive arithmetic test     

Jonathan Hippisley  & Graham Douglas 《British journal of educational technology : journal of the Council for Educational Technology》1998,29(4):303-320

A sample of 331 primary school children from seven primary schools, from Years 3 through 7, participated in this study to determine the reliability of a computer resident interactive arithmetic test, using both the method of a single sitting and that of parallel forms. Reliability coefficients up to .96 were calculated for scoring rates by the single sitting methods and up to .87 by the method of parallel forms. The study also attempted to determine the validity of the interactive test by comparing it with the arithmetic subtests of the Key Math Test (KMT, Connolly et al ., 1971). Positive, but weak, correlations up to .65 were recorded, reflecting differences in the medium of administration and assessment methodology of the two tests.  相似文献   

Children's and Adolescents’ Evaluations of Intergroup Exclusion in Interracial and Interwealth Peer Contexts     

Amanda R. Burkholder  Laura Elenbaas  Melanie Killen 《Child development》2020,91(2):e512-e527

Children and adolescents (N = 153, ages 8–14 years, M_age = 11.46 years) predicted and evaluated peer exclusion in interwealth (high-wealth and low-wealth) and interracial (African American and European American) contexts. With age, participants increasingly expected high-wealth groups to be more exclusive than low-wealth groups, regardless of their depicted race. Furthermore, children evaluated interwealth exclusion less negatively than interracial exclusion, and children who identified as higher in wealth evaluated interwealth exclusion less negatively than did children who identified as lower in wealth. Children cited explicit negative stereotypes about high-wealth groups in their justifications, while rarely citing stereotypes about low-wealth groups or racial groups. Results revealed that both race and wealth are important factors that children consider when evaluating peer exclusion.  相似文献   

Forced Disruption of Anatomy Education in Australia and New Zealand: An Acute Response to the Covid-19 Pandemic     

Nalini Pather  Phil Blyth  Jamie A. Chapman  Manisha R. Dayal  Natasha A.M.S. Flack  Quentin A. Fogg  Rodney A. Green  Anneliese K. Hulme  Ian P. Johnson  Amanda J. Meyer  John W. Morley  Peter J. Shortland  Goran Štrkalj  Mirjana Štrkalj  Krisztina Valter  Alexandra L. Webb  Stephanie J. Woodley  Michelle D. Lazarus 《Anatomical sciences education》2020,13(3):284-300

Australian and New Zealand universities commenced a new academic year in February/March 2020 largely with “business as usual.” The subsequent Covid-19 pandemic imposed unexpected disruptions to anatomical educational practice. Rapid change occurred due to government-imposed physical distancing regulations from March 2020 that increasingly restricted anatomy laboratory teaching practices. Anatomy educators in both these countries were mobilized to adjust their teaching approaches. This study on anatomy education disruption at pandemic onset within Australia and New Zealand adopts a social constructivist lens. The research question was “What are the perceived disruptions and changes made to anatomy education in Australia and New Zealand during the initial period of the Covid-19 pandemic, as reflected on by anatomy educators?.” Thematic analysis to elucidate “the what and why” of anatomy education was applied to these reflections. About 18 anatomy academics from ten institutions participated in this exercise. The analysis revealed loss of integrated “hands-on” experiences, and impacts on workload, traditional roles, students, pedagogy, and anatomists' personal educational philosophies. The key opportunities recognized for anatomy education included: enabling synchronous teaching across remote sites, expanding offerings into the remote learning space, and embracing new pedagogies. In managing anatomy education's transition in response to the pandemic, six critical elements were identified: community care, clear communications, clarified expectations, constructive alignment, community of practice, ability to compromise, and adapt and continuity planning. There is no doubt that anatomy education has stepped into a yet unknown future in the island countries of Australia and New Zealand.  相似文献   

Social Media Guidelines for Anatomists     

Catherine M. Hennessy  Danielle F. Royer  Amanda J. Meyer  Claire F. Smith 《Anatomical sciences education》2020,13(4):527-539

Social Media has changed the way that individuals interact with each other - it has brought considerable benefits, yet also some challenges. Social media in anatomy has enabled anatomists all over the world to engage, interact and form new collaborations that otherwise would not have been possible. In a relatively small discipline where individuals may be working as the only anatomist in an institution, having such a virtual community can be important. Social media is also being used as a means for anatomists to communicate with the current generation of students as well as members of the public. Posting appropriate content is one of the challenges raised by social media use in anatomy. Human cadaveric material is frequently shared on social media and there is divided opinion among anatomists on whether or not such content is appropriate. This article explores the uses and challenges of social media use in the field of anatomy and outlines guidelines on how social media can be used by anatomists globally, while maintaining professional and ethical standards. Creating global guidelines has shown to be difficult due to the differences in international law for the use of human tissue and also the irregularities in acquiring informed consent for capturing and sharing cadaveric images. These nuances may explain why cadaveric images are frequently shared on social media. This article proposes that as standard practice, anatomists obtain informed consent from donors before sharing images of cadaveric material on social media and ensure posts include a statement stating the same.  相似文献   

Submaximal expression of the bilateral deficit     

McLean SP  Vint PF  Stember AJ 《Research quarterly for exercise and sport》2006,77(3):340-350

Thirty-six participants performed bilateral and unilateral isometric elbow flexion trials at what they perceived to be 100, 75, 50, and 25% of maximal effort. Absolute bilateral deficits ranged from--16% at 25% effort to--10% at 100% effort. The deficit included a component independent of consciousness and a component inversely related to intensity attributable to perceptual differences between unilateral and bilateral tasks. Forty-two participants performed bilateral and unilateral isometric elbow flexion trials at 100, 80, 60, 40, and 20% of maximal effort. Perception of effort in submaximal bilateral trials was consistently and significantly higher (5.5-9.6%) than corresponding unilateral trials. These data suggest that the bilateral deficit exists at submaximal levels of effort and is based on perceptual and physiological components.  相似文献   

Book reviews     

K. F. Smart  Franz Hilker  E. Bayer  M. J. Langeveld  William Taylor  Fanny Fuks  Clare Burstall  Udo Undeutsch  Franklin Parker  Gilbert de Landsheere  George W. Parkyn  Arthur W. Foshay  Edmund J. King  C. Arnold Anderson  Douglas Graham  Menachem Gerson  Nicholas Hans 《International Review of Education/Internationale Zeitschrift für Erziehungswissenschaft/Revue internationale l'éducation》1967,13(2):226-248

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Physical activity and depressive symptoms in American adolescents     

Desha LN  Ziviani JM  Nicholson JM  Martin G  Darnell RE 《运动与训练心理学杂志》2007,29(4):534-543

This study employed ordinal logistic regression analyses to investigate the relationship between American adolescents' participation in physical activity and depressive symptomatology. Data were drawn from the second Child Development Supplement to the Panel Study of Income Dynamics (CDS II), which was conducted over 2002-2003. Fewer than 60% of adolescents were found to accumulate 60 min of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) outside of school hours on week or weekend days. Accumulated duration of MVPA was not, however, significantly associated with severity of depressive symptoms for either gender. Males who were not involved in sporting clubs or lessons were more likely than males who were highly involved to experience greater severity of depressive symptoms (OR = 3.24, CI = 1.33, 7.87). Results highlight gender variability in the psychosocial correlates of sporting participation and prompt further investigation of the relevance of current physical activity guidelines for mental health in adolescence.  相似文献   

Decolonizing the Medium: How Indigenous Creators are Defying “Sidekickery” and Centering Indigenous Stories and Characters in the Comics Landscape     

Amanda Morris 《Journal of American culture (Malden, Mass. : 2003)》2019,42(4):326-334

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