Confession,in‐service training and reflective practices     

Andreas Fejes 《British Educational Research Journal》2011,37(5):797-812

This article focuses on how confession operates in contemporary discourses on reflective practices. By revisiting and mobilising Foucault's genealogy of confession in relation to how reflective practices are mobilised in an in‐service training programme for healthcare assistants (HCA) in elderly care, it is argued that the HCAs are shaped as their own confessors. It is further argued that we need to take into account traces from both Stoic and Christian times to fully understand how reflective practices operate and shape subjects. The empirical material consists of interviews with HCAs, their managers, supervisors and teachers in an in‐service training programme where the use of reflective practices was a key component.  相似文献   

A study assessing the potential of negative effects in interdisciplinary math-biology instruction     

Madlung A  Bremer M  Himelblau E  Tullis A 《CBE life sciences education》2011,10(1):43-54

There is increasing enthusiasm for teaching approaches that combine mathematics and biology. The call for integrating more quantitative work in biology education has led to new teaching tools that improve quantitative skills. Little is known, however, about whether increasing interdisciplinary work can lead to adverse effects, such as the development of broader but shallower skills or the possibility that math anxiety causes some students to disengage in the classroom, or, paradoxically, to focus so much on the mathematics that they lose sight of its application for the biological concepts in the center of the unit at hand. We have developed and assessed an integrative learning module and found disciplinary learning gains to be equally strong in first-year students who actively engaged in embedded quantitative calculations as in those students who were merely presented with quantitative data in the context of interpreting biological and biostatistical results. When presented to advanced biology students, our quantitative learning tool increased test performance significantly. We conclude from our study that the addition of mathematical calculations to the first year and advanced biology curricula did not hinder overall student learning, and may increase disciplinary learning and data interpretation skills in advanced students.  相似文献   

Von der Lehrerausbildung in den Beruf – Fachbezogenes Wissen als Voraussetzung für Wahrnehmung,Interpretation und Handeln im Unterricht     

Prof. Dr. Sigrid Blömeke  Prof. Dr. Johannes König  Dr. Andreas Busse  Dr. Ute Suhl  Jessica Benthien  Prof. Dr. Martina Döhrmann  Prof. Dr. Gabriele Kaiser 《Zeitschrift für Erziehungswissenschaft》2014,17(3):509-542

The transition from teacher training into the teaching profession is seen to be key in the biography of a teacher. Yet there is a lack of enquiry into the development of the content knowledge (CK) and pedagogical content knowledge (PCK) held by teachers at the end of their education, and into the significance of this knowledge for situational and behavioural cognition. On the basis of data from the international comparative study TEDS-M 2008 and the Germany-based 2012 follow-up, this contribution investigates the knowledge and skills development of teachers during the transition from teacher training to the teaching profession in a four-year longitudinal study with n = 171 mathematics teachers. Three test formats (paper-and-pencil, video-vignettes and speed tests) are used to examine various indicators for teacher expertise. In addition to the analysis of changes in mathematical CK and PCK levels, path analysis is used to determine the extent to which this knowledge functions as a predictor for the perception and interpretation of classroom situations, the decision-making in these situations, and the quick identification of student mistakes. The results show only small changes in the group mean (for MCK there is a small loss, whereas MPCK remains constant), but high fluctuation (i. e. weak correlation) in the MPCK ranking between the two measurement occasions, pointing to differential learning effects gained from teaching practice. There are also significant differences in predictability: MCK is important for the speed indicators of teacher expertise; MCK and MPCK for the perception and interpretation of situations, and for the generation of action strategies. These findings can on the one hand help to facilitate the evaluation of beginning teachers’ need for support and, on the other hand, they indicate the necessity for the early integration of practice-based elements into teacher training programmes with the aim of developing PCK and related skills.  相似文献   

Datenstrukturen visualisieren und animieren mit DDD     

Andreas Zeller 《Informatik - Forschung und Entwicklung》2001,16(2):65-75

Zusammenfassung. Der graphische Debugger DDD ist mit mehr als 250.000 Anwendern ein weitverbreitetes Werkzeug zur Softwarevisualisierung. Neben der für Debuggerüblichen Funktionalit?t erm?glicht DDD die Visualisierung von Datenstrukturen im laufenden Programm. DDD kann verzeigerte Strukturen (wie Listen oder B?ume) als Graphen darstellen, aber auch numerische Felder zwei- oder dreidimensional darstellen und im Programmlauf animieren. Dieser Beitrag beschreibt die technischen Grundlagen der Visualisierung, die verwendeten Plazierungsverfahren und die Animation von Algorithmen. Eingegangen am 13. Oktober 2000 / Angenommen am 19. Dezember 2000  相似文献   

Szenario-basierter Systemtest von Software-Produktfamilien     

Andreas Reuys  Erik Kamsties  Klaus Pohl und Sacha Reis 《Informatik - Forschung und Entwicklung》2005,20(1-2):33-44

Zusammenfassung In der Produktfamilienentwicklung werden durch zwei Entwicklungsprozesse, Domain und Application Engineering, zun"achst wiederverwendbare Entwicklungsartefakte produziert, um diese anschlie?end zur Konstruktion von kundenspezifischen Applikationen einzusetzen. Die Wiederverwendbarkeit wird durch die explizite Definition der Variabilit"at der geplanten Applikationen einer Produktfamilie erzielt. Diese proaktive Wiederverwendung ist bisher in den konstruktiven Entwicklungsphasen realisiert, jedoch noch nicht im Test. Mit ScenTED (Scen_ario based TE_st Case D_erivation) wird in diesem Beitrag eine wiederverwendungsorientierte Technik zur Testfallerstellung f"ur den Systemtest, dem Test eines ausf"uhrbaren Systems gegen spezifizierte Use-Cases, von Produktfamilien vorgestellt. ScenTED basiert auf zwei Kernideen: der Erhaltung der Variabilit"at in Testf"allen und der Szenario-basierten Verfeinerung der Testf"alle. Durch die Erhaltung der Variabilit"at wird die Wiederverwendbarkeit von Testf"allen gesichert; die Szenario-basierte Verfeinerung erm"oglicht Nachvollziehbarkeit durch die durchg"angige Nutzung von Szenarien. In diesem Beitrag wird die ScenTED-Technik an einem Beispiel erl"autert und Erfahrungen aus dem industriellen Einsatz diskutiert.

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Product family engineering consists of two development processes: Domain engineering and application engineering. Reuseable artefacts are created in the domain engineering process. These artefacts are used for the creation of customer specific applications during the application engineering process. Reusability is achieved with the explicit definition of variability that specifies the potential applications of the product family. The proactive reuse has been realized in the construnction phases of the development process, but not within the test phases. We propose ScenTED (Scen_ario based TE_st Case D_erivation) for the creation of reusable test cases for a use case based system testing in product family engineering. ScenTED has two key ideas: The first is the preservation of variability in test cases and the second idea is the scenario-based refinement of test cases. The preservation of variability ensures the reusability of test cases. The scenario-based refinement enables the traceability from requirements to test cases. We present the ScenTED technique in this article with an example and discuss an industrial case study.

CR Subject Classification D2.5  相似文献   

Quantifying instantaneous performance in alpine ski racing     

Federolf PA 《Journal of sports sciences》2012,30(10):1063-1068

Alpine ski racing is a popular sport in many countries and a lot of research has gone into optimising athlete performance. Two factors influence athlete performance in a ski race: speed and the chosen path between the gates. However, to date there is no objective, quantitative method to determine instantaneous skiing performance that takes both of these factors into account. The purpose of this short communication was to define a variable quantifying instantaneous skiing performance and to study how this variable depended on the skiers' speed and on their chosen path. Instantaneous skiing performance was defined as time loss per elevation difference dt/dz, which depends on the skier's speed v(z), and the distance travelled per elevation difference ds/dz. Using kinematic data collected in an earlier study, it was evaluated how these variables can be used to assess the individual performance of six ski racers in two slalom turns. The performance analysis conducted in this study might be a useful tool not only for athletes and coaches preparing for competition, but also for sports scientists investigating skiing techniques or engineers developing and testing skiing equipment.  相似文献   

200 Jahre Deutsche Turnbewegung     

Mag. phil. Andreas Brugger 《Sportwissenschaft》2012,42(1):61-63

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Sportorganisation trifft Sportwissenschaft     

Dr. Karin Fehres  Andreas Klages  Gudrun Schwind-Gick 《Sportwissenschaft》2012,42(1):50-52

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How do public libraries function as meeting places?     

Svanhild Aabø  Ragnar Audunson  Andreas Vårheim 《Library & information science research》2010

How are libraries used as meeting places, and by whom? Through survey data, six categories of places are identified: the library as a “square,” as a place for meeting diverse people, as a public sphere, as a place for joint activities with friends and colleagues, as a metameeting place, and as a place for virtual meetings. Representative samples of the population in three townships in Oslo, each with a markedly different demographic profile, are surveyed. Multivariate regression analyses are performed to analyze why some people use the library for a range of meetings and others do not, as well as to examine variations in the use of the library for different kinds of meetings. Public libraries are shown to be used for a variety of meetings. Community involvement is more important than township and demographic variables in explaining variations in use of the library as a meeting place. Correlations between low income and low education and high use of the library as a meeting place were found, indicating that the library as a meeting place plays a substantial role in equalizing the possibilities of being an active citizen across social and economic differences. The study contributes to understanding the role of the public library in a multicultural context. The public library as a unique and complex meeting place has important implications for future librarianship.  相似文献   

Challenges to Institutionalizing Participatory Extension: The Case of Farmer Livestock Schools in Vietnam     

Thai Thi Minh  Carl Erik Schou Larsen  Andreas Neef 《The Journal of Agricultural Education and Extension》2013,19(2):179-194

Abstract

Purpose: The objective of this article is to analyze the introduction of participatory extension approaches (PEA) in the predominantly supply-driven, hierarchical Vietnamese extension system. Drawing on the case of the so-called Farmer Livestock School (FLS) concept, the authors investigate the potential and challenges of scaling up and out the FLS/PEA principles of participatory training methods, encompassing intensive and interactive training sessions, group-based sharing of experience, practical learning, and learning-by-doing processes.

Design/Methodology/Approach: The article is based on data collected and synthesized from 36 pilot communes from 2000 to 2007 and draws on the extensive insider experience of two of its authors during their work for a DANIDA-funded livestock project.

Findings: At the micro-scale and with external support, FLS has been a successful experiment of using participatory extension approaches in farmer training and extension in the livestock sector. Yet, possibilities of scaling up and institutionalizing FLS remain a challenge given the capacity and resource limitations and the resistance at various levels within the Vietnamese extension system.

Practical Implications: The starting point for successfully institutionalizing participatory extension approaches should be to assess the existing system's root problems and capacities and then gradually and systematically introduce institutional innovations rather than aiming at a complete overhaul of a system that may result in the creation of a parallel universe.

Originality/Value: The FLS project provided a unique opportunity to study the enabling and constraining factors of institutionalizing participatory extension approaches in a traditionally top-down oriented extension system beyond the immediate duration of an externally orchestrated project.  相似文献