Normal Accidents of Expertise     

Stephen P. Turner 《Minerva》2010,48(3):239-258

Charles Perrow used the term “normal accidents” to characterize a type of catastrophic failure that resulted when complex, tightly coupled production systems encountered a certain kind of anomalous event. These were events in which systems failures interacted with one another in a way that could not be anticipated, and could not be easily understood and corrected. Systems of the production of expert knowledge are increasingly becoming tightly coupled. Unlike classical science, which operated with a long time horizon, many current forms of expert knowledge are directed at immediate solutions to complex problems. These are prone to breakdowns like the kind discussed by Perrow. The example of the Homestake mine experiment shows that even in modern physics complex systems can produce knowledge failures that last for decades. The concept of knowledge risk is introduced, and used to characterize the risk of failure in such systems of knowledge production.  相似文献   

Our colonial theatre     

Vivian Turner 《Quarterly Journal of Speech》2013,99(4):559-573

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Evaluation of a university course to promote physical activity: project GRAD     

Sallis JF  Calfas KJ  Nichols JF  Sarkin JA  Johnson MF  Caparosa S  Thompson S  Alcaraz JE 《Research quarterly for exercise and sport》1999,70(1):1-10

Project GRAD (Graduate Ready for Activity Daily) evaluates a university course to promote physical activity. In a randomized study, 338 university seniors participated in either an intervention or control course for academic credit, and posttest data were collected on 321. The control course was knowledge-oriented. The intervention course taught behavior change skills in weekly lectures and peer-led labs. Physical activity was assessed with 7-Day Physical Activity Recall interviews. The intervention had no significant effects on men. Among women, the intervention increased total physical activity during leisure, strengthening exercises, and flexibility exercise. This university course had the intended effects of promoting healthful patterns of physical activity among women, but no effects were observed on men, who were more active than women at baseline.  相似文献   

Beware the celebrity bioethicist     

Turner L 《The Chronicle of higher education》2004,50(35):B18

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Awareness, use and opinions of methodological search filters used for the retrieval of evidence-based medical literature-a questionnaire survey     

Jenkins M  Johnson F 《Health information and libraries journal》2004,21(1):33-43

The aim of this study was to determine the level of awareness of methodological search filters among health and academic librarians in the UK and Ireland, their use of filters and views on the perceived benefits, limitations and ways to increase usage of search filters. A random proportional sample of health and academic librarians were surveyed by telephone and fax. Overall, 88% (196/224) completed the telephone survey to establish awareness and use of filters. Eighty-four per cent (51/61) completed a fax survey focusing in more depth on usability issues surrounding filters. Results indicate a high level of awareness of methodological filters, but low level of usage. Furthermore, a high level of awareness did not necessarily correlate with a high level of knowledge or understanding. Examination of responses revealed limitations and recommendations beyond those reported in the literature and highlights the relationship between understanding and effective use of filters. Improved dissemination and publication of filters is required to better inform librarians on the concept of filters and how to use them effectively.  相似文献   

Three heads respond to Warnock     

P Turner  D Bevan  D Benfield 《Special education: forward trends》1979,6(3):19-21

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The Region 4 collaborative virtual reference project     

Parker SK  Johnson ED 《Medical reference services quarterly》2003,22(2):29-39

In May 2002, the Denison Memorial Library at the University of Colorado Health Sciences Center and the J. Otto Lottes Health Sciences Library at the University of Missouri-Columbia, with funding from the National Network of Libraries of Medicine-Midcontinental Region, embarked on a collaborative, real-time reference project using the 24/7 Reference, Inc., software package. This paper describes how the project was conceived, and includes details on the service hours, staffing, training, marketing, lessons learned, and future plans for the service.  相似文献   

Functional brain development in infants: elements of an interactive specialization framework     

Johnson MH 《Child development》2000,71(1):75-81

One future direction for cognitive development research involves a closer integration with our knowledge about the developing brain. I present a framework for analyzing and interpreting postnatal functional brain development in human infants. Three specific hypotheses contribute to this framework, within which a variety of phenomena associated with the neural basis of perception and cognition in normal and abnormal development can be characterized.  相似文献   

Did Funding Matter to the Development of Research Methods in Sociology?     

Turner  Stephen P. 《Minerva》1998,36(1):69-79

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Business: The Ultimate Resource     

Ken Johnson 《Journal of Business & Finance Librarianship》2013,18(1):94-96

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