Prospective representation: The effects of varied mapping of sample stimuli to comparison stimuli and differential trial outcomes on pigeons’ working memory     

Angelo Santi  William A. Roberts 《Learning & behavior》1985,13(2):103-108

The mapping of sample stimuli onto comparison stimuli and the nature of trial outcomes were factorially manipulated in a delayed matching-to-sample procedure. In the many-to-one condition (MTO), responding to a particular comparison was correct following several sample stimuli, whereas in the one-to-many condition (OTM), responding to several comparison stimuli was correct following a particular sample. Probabilities of reinforcement for correct responding to comparison stimuli were either differential (DO) or nondifferential (NDO). Four groups of pigeons were trained under four combinations of mapping and outcome conditions, MTO-DO, MTO-NDO, OTM-DO, and OTM-NDO. Testing at delay intervals of 1, 2, 4, and 8 sec revealed significant effects due to both the mapping variable and the differential outcomes variable. It was argued that the poorer performance obtained in the OTM condition was due to the differential prospective coding requirements placed on reference and working memory by this mapping. In the OTM conditions, a greater number of response codes had to be retrieved from reference memory and multiple response codes may have overburdened working memory, which has a limited capacity.  相似文献   

Argumentation and personal success     

Angelo M. Pellegrini 《Quarterly Journal of Speech》2013,99(1):22-32

Recent critiques of research on small groups indicate a general failure to acquire substantial knowledge despite a significant volume of activity. To help overcome the problem, this article proposes that future research focus on decision‐making, suggests classes of variables appropriate for investigation, and deals with the kinds of research designs and strategies essential for making rapid progress in the development of a science of group communication.  相似文献   

The dispersion of research performance within and between universities as a potential indicator of the competitive intensity in higher education systems     

Giovanni Abramo  Tindaro Cicero  Ciriaco Andrea D’Angelo 《Journal of Informetrics》2012,6(2):155-168

Higher education systems in competitive environments generally present top universities, that are able to attract top scientists, top students and public and private financing, with notable socio-economic benefits in their region. The same does not hold true for non-competitive systems. In this study we will measure the dispersion of research performance within and between universities in the Italian university system, typically non-competitive. We will also investigate the level of correlation that occurs between performance in research and its dispersion in universities. The findings may represent a first benchmark for similar studies in other nations. Furthermore, they lead to policy indications, questioning the effectiveness of selective funding of universities based on national research assessment exercises. The field of observation is composed of all Italian universities active in the hard sciences. Research performance will be evaluated using a bibliometric approach, through publications indexed in the Web of Science between 2004 and 2008.  相似文献   

Revisiting the scaling of citations for research assessment     

Giovanni Abramo  Tindaro Cicero  Ciriaco Andrea D’Angelo 《Journal of Informetrics》2012,6(4):470-479

Over the past decade, national research evaluation exercises, traditionally conducted using the peer review method, have begun opening to bibliometric indicators. The citations received by a publication are assumed as proxy for its quality, but they require standardization prior to use in comparative evaluation of organizations or individual scientists: the citation data must be standardized, due to the varying citation behavior across research fields. The objective of this paper is to compare the effectiveness of the different methods of normalizing citations, in order to provide useful indications to research assessment practitioners. Simulating a typical national research assessment exercise, he analysis is conducted for all subject categories in the hard sciences and is based on the Thomson Reuters Science Citation Index-Expanded^®. Comparisons show that the citations average is the most effective scaling parameter, when the average is based only on the publications actually cited.  相似文献   

Journal of Research in Science Teaching annual report: January 1, 2007 to December 31, 2007     

J. Randy McGinnis  Angelo Collins  Amy Dai  Wayne Breslyn  Elaine Henry 《科学教学研究杂志》2008,45(5):525-528

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Research collaboration and productivity: is there correlation?     

Giovanni Abramo  Ciriaco Andrea D’Angelo  Flavia Di Costa 《Higher Education》2009,57(2):155-171

The incidence of extramural collaboration in academic research activities is increasing as a result of various factors. These factors include policy measures aimed at fostering partnership and networking among the various components of the research system, policies which are in turn justified by the idea that knowledge sharing could increase the effectiveness of the system. Over the last two decades, the scientific community has also stepped up activities to assess the actual impact of collaboration intensity on the performance of research systems. This study draws on a number of empirical analyses, with the intention of measuring the effects of extramural collaboration on research performance and, indirectly, verifying the legitimacy of policies that support this type of collaboration. The analysis focuses on the Italian academic research system. The aim of the work is to assess the level of correlation, at institutional level, between scientific productivity and collaboration intensity as a whole, both internationally and with private organizations. This will be carried out using a bibliometric type of approach, which equates collaboration with the co-authorship of scientific publications.

Giovanni AbramoEmail:

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Reading Histories of American Education     

Richard Angelo 《Educational theory》1980,30(2):159-167

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The JRST editorial review process     

J. Randy McGinnis  Angelo Collins 《科学教学研究杂志》2007,44(4):529-531

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Portfolios for biology teacher assessment   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Angelo Collins 《Journal of Personnel Evaluation in Education》1991,5(2):147-168

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Differential effects of omitting comparison stimuli on symbolic and identity matching to sample: Evidence for altered instructional processes in pigeon short-term memory     

Angelo Santi  Jo Tombaugh  T. N. Tombaugh 《Learning & behavior》1982,10(2):152-158

Two experiments were performed to determine the effects of omitting the comparison stimuli in a matching-to-sample task. In Experiment 1, birds were trained initially on both symbolic and identity matching to sample. Comparison stimuli were then omitted following the presentation of a particular sample stimulus, and this decreased the number of sample (observing) responses. The reintroduction of the comparison stimuli on subsequent probe trials revealed that the accuracy of symbolic matching was reduced to chance levels, while identity matching accuracy was significantly below chance. In Experiment 2, a similar procedure was employed; however, observing responses to the comparison-omitted samples were maintained by direct reinforcement (fixed ratio 20). Matching accuracy during probe trials was again at chance levels for symbolic matching but, contrary to Experiment 1, was significantly above chance for identity matching. The differential effects of omitting comparison stimuli on symbolic and identity matching trials in these two experiments were interpreted within a framework which assumes that instructional processes are altered by comparison-omission procedures.  相似文献