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Carie Green Darius Kalvaitis Anneliese Worster 《Environmental Education Research》2016,22(7):1025-1048
This article presents an Environmental Identity Development model, which considers the progression of young children’s self-cognitions in relation to the natural world. We recontextualize four of Erikson’s psychosocial stages, in order to consider children’s identity development in learning in, about, and for the environment. Beginning with Trust in Nature vs. Mistrust in Nature, we argue that cognitions of comfort in the natural world vs. discomfort, provide the foundation for healthy environmental identity development. This trusting bond/relationship with nature allows children to gain Spatial Autonomy through collectively or independently creating their own sense of place in nature vs. feelings of doubt or Environmental Shame. As children progress, they gain Environmental Competencies, creative innovations to use the environment for both personal and social purposes vs. separation from nature or Environmental Disdain. Such competencies promote children’s agency in exercising Environmental Action, applied care/ethics aimed at building a sustainable future, as opposed to behaviors that cause Environmental Harm. Young children’s environmental identity develops in diverse ways and in distinct sociocultural and geographical contexts. Caregivers/educators play a unique role in recognizing and supporting the needs of individual children as they progress towards healthy environmental identity development. 相似文献
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Gary J. Walker Anneliese Dziubak Laurence Houghton Ciaran Prendergast Laura Lim Nicolette C. Bishop 《Journal of sports sciences》2013,31(6):611-619
Abstract Following fixed-duration exercise of submaximal intensity, caffeine ingestion is associated with an attenuation of the exercise-induced decline in N-formyl-methionyl-phenyl-alanine (f-MLP) stimulated neutrophil oxidative burst. However, the response following high-intensity exhaustive exercise is unknown. Nine endurance-trained male cyclists ingested 6 mg caffeine or placebo per kilogram of body mass 60 min before cycling for 90 min at 70% of maximal oxygen consumption ([Vdot]O2max) and then performing a time-trial requiring an energy expenditure equivalent to 30 min cycling at 70% maximum power output. Time-trial performance was 4% faster in the caffeine than in the placebo trial (P = 0.043). Caffeine was associated with an increased plasma adrenaline concentration after 90 min of exercise (P = 0.046) and immediately after the time-trial (P = 0.02). Caffeine was also associated with an increased serum caffeine concentration (P < 0.01) after 90 min of exercise and immediately after the time-trial, as well as 1 h after the time-trial. However, the f-MLP-stimulated neutrophil oxidative burst response fell after exercise in both trials (P = 0.002). There was no effect of caffeine on circulating leukocyte or neutrophil counts, but the lymphocyte count was significantly lower on caffeine (20%) after the time-trial (P = 0.003). Our results suggest that high-intensity exhaustive exercise negates the attenuation of the exercise-induced decrease in neutrophil oxidative burst responses previously observed when caffeine is ingested before exercise of fixed duration and intensity. This may be associated with the greater increase in adrenaline concentration observed in the present study. 相似文献
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Anneliese F. Korner Janet Constantinou Sue Dimiceli Byron Wm. Brown Jr. Valerie A. Thom 《Child development》1991,62(5):1200-1208
The Neurobehavioral Assessment of the Preterm Infant was developed in 3 phases: a pilot study, an exploratory study, and a validation study. In the exploratory study, clusters characterized by conceptual cohesion and face validity were systematically subjected to statistical analyses to determine whether they also had high test-retest reliability and developmental validity. In the validation study, a shortened version of the test was used with an independent cohort of 290 preterm infants. A step-by-step methodological process was used to test whether the results from the exploratory study would generalize over cohorts, different versions of the test, different hospitals, and changes in examiners. This process yielded 7 highly stable, developmentally valid, and representative preterm neurobehavioral functions that generalized over the exploratory and the validation studies. These were: motor development and vigor, scarf sign, popliteal angle, alertness and orientation, percent asleep ratings, irritability, and vigor of crying. 相似文献
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Anneliese F. Korner 《Child development》1996,67(4):1793-1805
2 large independent cohorts of preterm infants ranging between 32 weeks and term were given a neurobehavioral assessment (the NAPI) that measures, among other things, individual differences in excitation management. This assessment, which has high test-retest reliability and developmental and clinical validity, presents each infant with an identical sequence of events. Infant reactions to the standard stimulation provided by this assessment were used as measures of differential excitability. The results showed that over a period of weeks, preterms were highly self-consistent in their reactions. Highly reliable individual differences between infants were also seen. The self-consistencies and individual differences were independent of the infants' prior medical complications. With very few exceptions, these results replicated over the 2 independent cohorts. The individual consistencies and differences in excitation management found in this study might predispose children to later differences in temperament. 相似文献