Live Lecture versus Slide-Tape Method of Instruction for a Health Unit of Physical Fitness     

David R. Laurie Jr. 《Research quarterly for exercise and sport》2013,84(4):683-686

Abstract

The purpose of this investigation was to determine if differences existed between groups of subjects who were exposed to a lecture format of instruction as opposed to slide-tape instruction for a unit of study on physical fitness. The lecture group was instructed by the traditional lecture method at a regularly scheduled time while the other group attended preprogramed slide-tape lectures at their own convenience. During the four-week study 12 different lectures were presented to each of the 99 subjects. Data were treated using an ANCOVA. There was no statistically significant difference between group means, though both groups showed increased physical fitness knowledge after being exposed to the varying treatments. It was concluded that both the lecture and slide-tape methods of instruction were efficient teaching modes, though neither method was statistically more effective than the other. Innovation in education is directed toward qualitative and quantitative improvements of the learning process. Although learning theorists are still baffled as to what learning process is best each supports the need for efficiency. Educational efficiency is a ratio of student and teacher time consumed to the time required for development or alteration of learner behavior.  相似文献   

Leisure Attitudes of Varsity Athletes vs. NonVarsity Athletes     

Francis A. Mcguire  Brian J. Mihalik  James R. Pope Jr. 《Research quarterly for exercise and sport》2013,84(3):291-293

Abstract

Students (N = 104) enrolled in four low fitness, one middle fitness, and one high fitness class in basic physical education classes at the University of Connecticut participated in a 4-week program of isometric exercises done with an adjustable nylon belt which was stabilized against various body segments. Low, middle, and high fitness classes were compared in the amount of improvement made in the 5 items in which significant gains had been made. The MWF classes which did 30 min. of isometric exercises for 12 class meetings were compared to the TTh classes which met for 8 class meetings and which did the same isometric exercise program and in addition did stretching exercises and ran a mile.

When all groups were treated together, mean gains of 1.1 in. in the vertical jump, .74 sec. in the agility run, .17 sec. in the 30-yd. dash, 151.9 lb. in the leg lift, and 57.0 lb. in the back lift were made. These were all significant at the 0.005 to the 0.0005 level. Small but significant gains were made in right and left grip, the Fait endurance hang, and the 380-yd. run. The low fitness classes made greater improvements in the leg lift, the vertical jump, and the agility run than did the middle or high fitness groups. The high fitness class made greater improvements in the back lift and in the 30-yd. dash than did the low or middle fitness classes. The classes which did only isometric exercises for a half-hour three times each week for 4½ weeks made greater mean gains in the vertical jump, the agility run, the 30-yd. dash and the back lift than did the classes which met for 60-min. periods twice each week for 4½ weeks and did stretching exercises and running in addition to the isometric exercises. However, the latter made greater gains in the leg lift.  相似文献   

Identifying and developing rugby talent among 10-year-old boys: A practical model     

Anita E. Pienaar  Manie J. Spamer  Hendrik S. Steyn Jr 《Journal of sports sciences》2013,31(8):691-699

The re-entry of South Africa into the international sporting arena and the resultant need for the identification and development of talent, especially among formerly deprived groups of people, provided the incentive for this study. Its aim was to identify the physical, motor and anthropometric variables that will enable coaches to identify 10-year-old boys, based on their abilities, who could become successful rugby players. Altogether, 173 ten-year-old boys with no rugby experience from a cross-section of the population were selected at random and subjected to 14 physical and motor tests and 14 anthropometric measurements. From 22 schools which participated in the Western Transvaal primary schools under-11 rugby league, the three top teams (n = 45 individuals) were selected and also tested. The results from these three teams were used as the criteria for rugby talent among 10-year-old boys. To establish the best predictors of talent, a stepwise discriminant analysis was conducted: this indicated eight variables (four motor and four anthropometric) that discriminated maximally between the talented and the rest of the players of this age. With classification functions based on these eight variables, 93.8% of all the subjects were classified correctly, indicating good validity. A canonical analysis, based on the selected variables, was then conducted on all the under-11 teams that played in the league in the region (n = 330), and they were ranked according to the scores of the first canonical variable from the most to the least talented. By comparing these results with the players who were chosen for the region's primary schools team, a success rate of 88% in prediction of talent was established. We conclude that this is a successful and practical method to aid the teacher and the coach in selecting and developing talent among 10-year-old rugby players in South Africa.  相似文献   

Perceptions of African American Faculty in Kinesiology-Based Programs at Predominantly White American Institutions of Higher Education     

Joe W. Burden Jr.  Louis Harrison Jr.  Samuel R. Hodge 《Research quarterly for exercise and sport》2013,84(2):224-237

The purpose of this study was to examine the perceptions of African American faculty on their organizational socialization in kinesiology-based (i.e., sport pedagogy, exercise physiology, motor behavior, sport management/history) programs at predominantly White American¹ institutions of higher education (PW-IHE). Participants were 9 African American tenure-track faculty members from various kinesiology-based programs at PW-IHE. Data were gathered via interviewing and analyzed within the framework of critical race theory (Ladson-Billings, 2000). Findings are presented using storytelling and thematic narratives. Interviews with the participants revealed four major recurring themes with regard to: (a) resources, opportunities, and power structures; (b) programmatic neglects and faculty mentoring needs; (c) social isolation, disengagement, and intellectual inferiority issues; and (d) double standards, marginalization, and scholarship biases. This study suggests that faculty and administrators at PW-IHE should develop sensitivity toward organizational socialization issues relevant to faculty of color.  相似文献   

Response to a Cold Pressor Test during Physical Training     

Ernest D. Michael Jr.  Arthur Gallon  Adran Adams 《Research quarterly for exercise and sport》2013,84(3):382-388

Abstract

Members of the 1958–59 varsity basketball team at Santa Barbara and a control group of physical education majors not in training were tested each three weeks during a 17-week season of basketball competition on their response to a step test and to a cold pressor test. The results indicated that significant step test recovery pulse rate changes were made by the basketball players after three weeks of training. Maximum changes were found to occur after 17 weeks of training. The diastolic pressure response to the cold pressor test increased significantly (7 mmHg.) after six weeks of training and this was maintained for 17 weeks. The results indicated that a possible increased sensitivity or tone of the peripheral vessels resulted from physical training.  相似文献   

Standards for Testing Beginning Swimming     

Thomas Kirk Cureton Jr. Ph.D. 《Research quarterly for exercise and sport》2013,84(4):54-59

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The Philosophical or Group Thinking Method of Research     

Thomas Kirk Cureton Jr. Ph.D. 《Research quarterly for exercise and sport》2013,84(3):75-83

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Measurement of Physical Fitness and Physical Activity: Fifty Years of Change     

Dale P. Mood  Allen W. Jackson  James R. Morrow Jr. 《Measurement in physical education and exercise science》2013,17(4):217-227

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Disentangling the effect of education on emergency department utilization     

Clara E. Dismuke  F. Michael Kunz  Jr 《Economics of Education Review》2004,23(6):633

Since Grossman’s seminal paper in 1972, there have been a number of studies concerning the effect of education on health and health care demand. Though several studies have distinguished between preventive and curative care, no study has investigated the effects of general education on the utilization of unnecessary emergency department use. We test whether general education reduces “potentially unnecessary” emergency department utilization and provide a measure of the resulting private benefits associated with increased education. Our results partially confirm our hypothesis regarding “potentially unnecessary” emergency department use. We find that moving from a high school to greater than high school education appears to reduce “potentially unnecessary” emergency department use, with the impact being greater among the insured. However, though reducing the education level from high school to less than high school increases “potentially unnecessary” emergency department use among the insured as predicted, it has the opposite impact on the uninsured.  相似文献   

Book reviews     

Irving J. Spitzberg Jr.  Robert F. Arnove  Murray Aitkin 《Higher Education》1984,13(2):225-230

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