Over reported and misunderstood? A study of teachers’ reported enactment and knowledge of inquiry-based science teaching     

Daniel K. Capps  Jonathan T. Shemwell  Ashley M. Young 《International Journal of Science Education》2016,38(6):934-959

Science education reforms worldwide call on teachers to engage students in investigative approaches to instruction, like inquiry. Studies of teacher self-reported enactment indicate that inquiry is used frequently in the classroom, suggesting a high level of proficiency with inquiry that would be amenable to inquiry reform. However, it is unclear whether the high frequency of self-report is based on sound knowledge inquiry. In the absence of sound knowledge, high rates of self-reported enactment would be suspect. We conducted a study to measure teachers’ knowledge of inquiry as it related to the known, high frequency of reported enactment. We developed a multidimensional survey instrument using US reform documents and administered it to 149 K–12 teachers at a national science teachers’ conference. The majority of the teachers surveyed did not report inquiry enactment based on well-structured knowledge of inquiry. Interviews with participants showed how teachers could readily map non-inquiry activities onto inquiry statements taken directly from reform documents. From these results we argue that teachers often believed they were enacting inquiry, when likely they were not. We further reason that teachers may struggle to interpret and enact inquiry-related requirements of science education reform and will need support distinguishing inquiry from non-inquiry practices.  相似文献   

Characteristics of Early Care and Education Collaboration Associated with Success     

Diane Schilder  Meghan Broadstone  Ashley Smith Leavell 《Early education and development》2019,30(8):1029-1044

ABSTRACT

Research Findings: In this non-experimental study, the research team analyzed data from a randomly selected sample of child care programs in Maryland and Vermont to understand what characteristics contribute to collaboration success. The team also examined the relationship between collaboration success and measures of child care program quality. We found positive correlations between collaboration success – defined as programs’ use of collaborative strategies, structural indicators of quality, and QRIS ratings – and programs’ collaboration administration and collaboration relationships. In addition, programs that used more collaboration strategies had higher ratings on the state’s Quality Rating and Improvement System (QRIS). Policy or Practice: Policies designed to encourage early childhood collaborations should support strong administrative processes among collaborators and provide specific guidance on building strong relationships among child care and early education administrators. Future research is needed to determine the causes of the associations. Research should focus on how policies can broaden the reach of federal and state programs that promote collaboration to include programs that have lower QRIS ratings or programs that opt out of these state systems.  相似文献   

Boys go fishing,girls work at home: gender roles,poverty and unequal school access among semi-nomadic fishing communities in South Western Madagascar     

Catarina Nascimento Moreira  Man Wai Rabenevanana 《Compare》2017,47(4):499-511

Drawing from data gathered in South Western Madagascar in 2011, the work explores the combination of poverty and traditional gender roles as a critical factor in determining unequal school access among young people from semi-nomadic fishing communities. It demonstrates that from the age of early puberty, most boys go fishing with their fathers and brothers whilst most girls from the same families work at home. In contrast to the school systems observed in many developing society contexts, which demonstrate female marginalisation, in South Western Madagascar both boys and girls are marginalised. Instruments of global policy designs, such as positive discrimination for girls, seem ill-suited to resolve the problem. Instead, the authors call for a more tailored and context-specific approach to address the particular challenges amongst semi-nomadic fishing communities in Madagascar.  相似文献   

Profiles of disruptive behavior across early childhood: contributions of frustration reactivity, physiological regulation, and maternal behavior     

Degnan KA  Calkins SD  Keane SP  Hill-Soderlund AL 《Child development》2008,79(5):1357-1376

Disruptive behavior, including aggression, defiance, and temper tantrums, typically peaks in early toddlerhood and decreases by school entry; however, some children do not show this normative decline. The current study examined disruptive behavior in 318 boys and girls at 2, 4, and 5 years of age and frustration reactivity, physiological regulation, and maternal behavior in the laboratory at 2 years of age. A latent profile analysis resulted in 4 longitudinal profiles of disruptive behavior, which were differentiated by interactions between reactivity, regulation, and maternal behavior. A high profile was associated with high reactivity combined with high maternal control or low regulation combined with low maternal control. Results are discussed from a developmental psychopathology perspective.  相似文献   

Cortisol in Neonatal Mother's Milk Predicts Later Infant Social and Cognitive Functioning in Rhesus Monkeys          下载免费PDF全文

Amanda M. Dettmer  Ashley M. Murphy  Denisse Guitarra  Emily Slonecker  Stephen J. Suomi  Kendra L. Rosenberg  Melinda A. Novak  Jerrold S. Meyer  Katie Hinde 《Child development》2018,89(2):525-538

Milk provides not only the building blocks for somatic development but also the hormonal signals that contribute to the biopsychological organization of the infant. Among mammals, glucocorticoids (GCs) in mother's milk have been associated with infant temperament. This study extended prior work to investigate rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta) mother–infant dyads (N = 34) from birth through 8 months postpartum. Regression analysis revealed that cortisol concentrations in milk during the neonatal period predicted impulsivity on a cognitive task, but not global social behaviors, months later. During this time period, sex‐differentiated social behavior emerged. For female infants, milk cortisol concentrations predicted total frequency of play. Collectively, these findings support and extend the “lactational programming” hypothesis on the impact of maternal‐origin hormones ingested via milk.  相似文献   

Early Childhood Intervention in China from the Families’ Perspective     

Yuzhu Zheng  Susan P. Maude  Ashley Merritts 《International Journal of Disability, Development & Education》2016,63(4):431-449

Research highlights the importance of early childhood intervention (ECI) for children with disabilities, and there is an increasing interest in China with respect to research on ECI. However, little research exists exploring the experience of families of young children with disabilities receiving ECI services and supports in China. The purpose of this study was to understand the ECI experiences of families of such children. A qualitative research design was used, and data were collected through interviews with six families in southwest China. This study indicated that, although China has made some progress in ECI for young children with disabilities, progress in this area is still at an early stage of development. Many issues still need to be addressed, including knowledge about typical and atypical development, early identification, professional development, increased government investment, and better implementation of existing laws.  相似文献   

School–University–Community Pathways to Higher Education: Teacher Perceptions,School Culture and Partnership Building     

Enrique AlemánJr.  Juan A. Freire  Ashley McKinney  Dolores Delgado Bernal 《The Urban Review》2017,49(5):852-873

This article provides a snapshot in time of teacher perceptions, school culture, and partnership building. We delineate how teachers perceive our partnership’s purpose and its role in transforming school culture. Second, we describe how teachers express the life expectations they have and the possibilities they hope for their students and the families involved with the partnership. Finally, we outline our thoughts on moving forward with building partnership, continuing to transform school culture, and collaborating with teachers. In conclusion, we discuss the role that partnership building can have on creating pathways to higher education for students in communities of color.  相似文献   

The Right “Fit”: Exploring Science Teacher Candidates’ Approaches to Natural Selection Within a Clinical Simulation     

Benjamin Dotger  Sharon Dotger  Joanna Masingila  Jeffrey Rozelle  Mary Bearkland  Ashley Binnert 《Research in Science Education》2018,48(3):637-661

Teachers and students struggle with the complexities surrounding the evolution of species and the process of natural selection. This article examines how science teacher candidates (STCs) engage in a clinical simulation that foregrounds two common challenges associated with natural selection—students’ understanding of “survival of the fittest” and the variation of species over time. We outline the medical education pedagogy of clinical simulations and its recent diffusion to teacher education. Then, we outline the study that situates each STC in a one-to-one interaction with a standardized student who is struggling to accurately interpret natural selection concepts. In simulation with the standardized student, each STC is challenged to recognize content misconceptions and respond with appropriate instructional strategies and accurate explanations. Findings and implications center on the STCs’ instructional practices in the simulation and the use of clinical learning environments to foster science teacher learning.  相似文献   

A Snapshot of Writing in Elementary Teacher Preparation Programs     

Devon Brenner  Ashley McQuirk 《The New Educator》2019,15(1):18-29

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Scales of political action and social movements in education: the case of the Brazilian Black Movement and Law 10.639     

Renato Emerson Nascimento dos Santos 《Globalisation, Societies & Education》2016,14(1):30-48

This paper examines social coordination by the Brazilian Black Movement in the area of Brazilian education. It explains how these developments relate to the construction of race-based public education policies in the country. Focus goes to the process of creation and implementation of law 10.639 in Brazilian Basic education. Using the concept ‘diffuse governance’, the argument is made that at present it are the multiple actions by the Brazilian Black Movement, in diverse arenas of dispute, and interacting with a range of actors, that enable us to understand the social coordination/regulation in the process of constructing and implementing Law 10.639.  相似文献