Measuring Your Library’s Value: How to Do a Cost–Benefit Analysis for Your Public Library. By Donald S. Elliott, Glen E. Holt, Sterling W. Hayden, and Leslie E. Holt. Chicago: American Library Association, 2007. 181pp. $55.00 ($49.50, ALA members). ISBN 10-0-8389-0923-X.0.     

Measuring Your Library&#x;s Value: How to Do a Cost&#x;Benefit Analysis for Your Public Library. 《Library & information science research》2007,29(4):576-579

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Testing Alternative Hypotheses Regarding the Association Between Behavioral Inhibition and Language Development in Toddlerhood     

Ashley K. Smith Watts  Deepika Patel  Robin P. Corley  Naomi P. Friedman  John K. Hewitt  JoAnn L. Robinson  Soo H. Rhee 《Child development》2014,85(4):1569-1585

Studies have reported an inverse association between language development and behavioral inhibition or shyness across childhood, but the direction of this association remains unclear. This study tested alternative hypotheses regarding this association in a large sample of toddlers. Data on behavioral inhibition and expressive and receptive language abilities were collected from 816 twins at ages 14, 20, and 24 months. Growth and regression models were fit to the data to assess the longitudinal associations between behavioral inhibition and language development from 14 to 24 months. Overall, there were significant associations between behavioral inhibition and expressive language, and minimal associations with receptive language, indicating that the association is better explained by reticence to respond rather than deficient language development.  相似文献   

Children’s stereotypes of older adults: Evaluating contributions of cognitive development and social learning     

Tara T. Lineweaver  Ashley Roy  Madison Horth 《Educational gerontology》2017,43(6):300-312

Past research has investigated the development of stereotypes surrounding race and gender in children; however, there is a lack of literature examining the development of children’s stereotypes of older adults. In this study, 163 children from four grades: first (n = 44), fourth (n = 49), fifth (n = 35), and eighth (n = 35) completed a new trait-rating questionnaire assessing their stereotypes of older adults. Children’s stereotypes of older adults were largely positive. Younger children described older adults in more positive, but more stereotyped, ways than older children. Older children’s views shared a stronger relationship with those of their parents and peers compared to younger children. Together, these results support both cognitive development and social influences as contributing factors to the formation of children’s stereotypes of older adults.  相似文献   

‘Being black is like being a soldier in Iraq’: metaphorical expressions of blackness in an urban community     

Ashley N. Woodson 《International journal of qualitative studies in education》2017,30(2):161-174

Metaphor and metaphorical expressions are phenomenon of interest in teacher education research, critical race literature, and research on black communicative practices. Only marginal concerted attention has been paid to students’ metaphorical expressions, and what these expressions might tell us about students’ racial identities and lived experiences. This study explores the metaphorical language that nine black youth used to describe what it means to be black in their social and political context. Data collected through the metaphor elicitation prompt, ‘Being black is like …,’ is presented to probe participants’ understandings of race, racial identity, and urban society. Conclusions indicate that abstract or indirect conversations about race may provide teachers and other hearers of students’ metaphors a greater understanding of and empathy toward students’ needs, experiences, and identities.  相似文献   

Understandings of current environmental issues: Turkish case study in six teacher education colleges     

Mustafa Çakır  Serhat İrez  Özgür Kıvılcan Doğan 《Educational studies》2010,36(1):21-33

The purpose of this study is to profile future science teachers’ understandings of current environmental issues in the context of an education reform in Turkey. Knowledge base and understandings of elementary and secondary prospective science teachers about biodiversity, carbon cycle, global warming and ozone layer depletion were targeted in the study. Questionnaire surveys developed for this purpose were adapted and used in this investigation. The questionnaires were administered to 360 participants in six universities. Analysis involved frequencies, percentages and comparing means for students majoring in elementary and secondary science teaching. Analysis of variance for differences among majors and responses to different issues are also included. Findings are compared and contrasted with the previous research in other countries. The study has implications for the prospective preparation of teachers and the future of environmental literacy movement in Turkey.  相似文献   

The use of structuration theory to conceptualize alternative practice in education: the case of private school outreach in India     

Laura Day Ashley 《British Journal of Sociology of Education》2010,31(3):337-351

This paper contributes to arguments for the potential of Giddens’ structuration theory in educational research. It illustrates how ‘conceptual schemes’ from structuration theory were applied to the author’s empirical research on a type of alternative educational practice in India, ‘private school outreach’. It shows how Giddens’ concepts of ‘social system’, ‘structure’ and ‘agency’ helped to conceptualize private school outreach, and how ‘constraint’ and ‘ontological security’ offered explanations of apparent contradictions in private school outreach practice within the context of the reasons and motivations of actors. It also argues that when schools attempt to do things differently, contradictions may occur because the same ‘rules and resources’ that are drawn on in the production of alternative practice are drawn on in the reproduction of practice. Finally, acknowledging the debates around structuration theory, some of its key criticisms are addressed in relation to the empirical application.  相似文献   

Inspiratory Muscle Training in Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: The State of the Evidence     

Michael J Shoemaker  Sarah Donker  Ashley LaPoe 《Cardiopulmonary Physical Therapy Journal》2009,20(3):5-15

Purpose: The purpose of the present review was to assess the quality of evidence in the literature regarding the specific benefits of inspiratory muscle training (IMT) with an emphasis on training intensity and the relationships between changes in inspiratory muscle function and other clinical outcome measures. Methods: Articles were found by searching CINAHL, PubMed, Medline via First Search, and ProQuest databases. Articles used in the review were randomized trials of IMT vs. sham IMT or no intervention, published in English in a peer-reviewed journal, included patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and specified the intensity of training. The quality of the studies was evaluated by 2 independent reviewers using the methodological rigor scale described by Medlicott and Harris as well as Sackett''s levels of evidence. Fifteen articles met the inclusion criteria and were used in this review. Results: Consistent improvements in maximal inspiratory pressures (ranging from −11 to −30 cm H₂O) and inspiratory muscle endurance were found. Improvements in dyspnea and health-related quality of life were also observed. Inspiratory muscle training may result in improved exercise tolerance as measured using walking tests. High-intensity IMT resulted in improved training efficiency with respect to inspiratory muscle strength, but evidence of the effect of high-intensity IMT on other clinical outcomes is lacking. Conclusion: Despite research spanning decades, there are numerous limitations in the literature regarding IMT. IMT appears to improve dyspnea, waking test distance, and health-related quality of life in individuals with COPD, but it is not clear whether this improvement is mediated through improved inspiratory muscle strength and endurance. This review discussed several considerations critical to the design of future trials.Key Words: inspiratory muscle training, COPD  相似文献   

The Education of White Elites in South Africa     

M. J. Ashley 《比较教育学》1971,7(1):32-45

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In Search of Belonging: Latinas,Media, and Citizenship by Jillian Báez     

Ashley Walter 《Mass Communication and Society》2019,22(3):420-422

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When Fact Conceals Privilege: Teaching the (Shared?) Reality of Disability          下载免费PDF全文

Ashley Taylor 《Educational theory》2017,67(2):131-151

Disability studies in education scholars have discussed the need to engage students, and certainly preservice teachers, in critical discussion of disability as a concept. To better understand what such critical discussion entails, Ashley Taylor examines the pedagogical implications of promoting an understanding of disability as a shared experience of being human. In particular, Taylor is concerned with how the appeal to a shared experience of disability (which she calls “the shared reality view”) might contribute to or impede students' development of critical attitudes toward ableist social and educational practices. She describes two chief limitations of the shared reality view and argues that these complicate efforts to teach about disability in ways that avoid reinforcing students' existing beliefs. Taylor concludes by offering a pedagogical framework that retains valuable aspects of the shared reality view while avoiding its limitations.  相似文献