Book reviews     

M. Bruce Haslam  Edward T. Silva  Manfred Bayer  Stephen Foster  Neil L. Baumgart  John R. Beech  Samuel Kellams  A. G. Watts  Manzoor Ahmed  Robert Myers  Ronald K. Goodenow 《Higher Education》1977,6(3):383-401

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Predicting elections from social media: a three-country,three-method comparative study     

Kokil Jaidka  Saifuddin Ahmed  Marko Skoric  Martin Hilbert 《亚洲交流杂志》2019,29(3):252-273

ABSTRACT

This study introduces and evaluates the robustness of different volumetric, sentiment, and social network approaches to predict the elections in three Asian countries – Malaysia, India, and Pakistan from Twitter posts. We find that predictive power of social media performs well for India and Pakistan but is not effective for Malaysia. Overall, we find that it is useful to consider the recency of Twitter posts while using it to predict a real outcome, such as an election result. Sentiment information mined using machine learning models was the most accurate predictor of election outcomes. Social network information is stable despite sudden surges in political discussions, for e.g. around elections-related news events. Methods combining sentiment and volume information, or sentiment and social network information, are effective at predicting smaller vote shares, for e.g. vote shares in the case of independent candidates and regional parties. We conclude with a detailed discussion on the caveats of social media analysis for predicting real-world outcomes and recommendations for future work.  相似文献   

Do Search Algorithms Endanger Democracy? An Experimental Investigation of Algorithm Effects on Political Polarization     

Jaeho Cho  Saifuddin Ahmed  Martin Hilbert  Billy Liu  Jonathan Luu 《广播与电子媒介杂志》2020,64(2):150-172

ABSTRACT

This study examines algorithm effects on user opinion, utilizing a real-world recommender algorithm of a highly popular video-sharing platform, YouTube. We experimentally manipulate user search/watch history by our custom programming. A controlled laboratory experiment is then conducted to examine whether exposure to algorithmically recommended content reinforces and polarizes political opinions. Results suggest that political self-reinforcement, as indicated by the political emotion-ideology alignment, and affective polarization are heightened by political videos – selected by the YouTube recommender algorithm – based on participants’ own search preferences. Suggestions for how to reduce algorithm-induced political polarization and implications of algorithmic personalization for democracy are discussed.  相似文献   

Corner-fed microstrip antenna analysis for dual polarization     

Mohammed Ahmed ZHONG Shun shi 《上海大学学报(英文版)》1999,3(4):279-281

１　Ｉｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎ　Ｔｈｅｓｕｃｃｅｓｓｆｕｌｃｏｍｍｅｒｉｃａｌａｐｐｌｉｃａｔｉｏｎｓｏｆｗｉｒｅｌｅｓｓｔｅｃｈｎｏｌｏｇｙｄｅｍａｎｄａｐｐｒｏｐｒｉａｔｅａｎｔｅｎｎａｓ．Ｔｙｐｉｃａｌｌｙ,ａｄｕａｌｐｏｌａｒｉｚａｔｉｏｎｏｐｅｒａｔｉｏｎｓｕｃｈａｓｓｉｍｕｌｔａｎｅｏｕｓｖｅｒｔｉａｌａｎｄｈｏｒｉｚｏｎｔａｌｐｏｌａｒｉｚａｔｉｏｎａｎｔｅｎｎａｗｉｔｈｌｏｗｐｒｏｆｉｌｅ,ｓｍａｌｌｓｉｚｅ,ａｎｄｌｉｇｈｔｗｅｉｇｈｔｉｓｒｅｑｕｉｒｅｄｆｏｒｗｉｄｅｓｐｒｅ…  相似文献   

An Initial Survey of Arabic Poetry in the Cairo Genizah     

Mohamed A. H. Ahmed 《Al-Masaq: Islam & the Medieval Mediterranean》2018,30(2):212-233

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The effects of socio-demographic factors on physical activity in gated and non-gated neighbourhoods in Karachi,Pakistan     

Yasmeen Gul  Zahid Sultan  Mehdi Moeinaddini  Gul Ahmed Jokhio 《Sport in Society》2019,22(7):1225-1239

Physical activity (PA) is important in ensuring a healthy population. It is dependent on various socio-demographic (SD) factors, such as age, gender, employment and marital status. A limited number of studies have investigated the relationship between SD factors and PA but research exploring this relationship from the perspective of gated and non-gated neighbourhoods is scarcer. Therefore, the objective of this study is to investigate the relationship between SD factors and PA variables in gated and nongated neighbourhoods in Karachi Pakistan. Results of the independent sample t-test and Pearson chi-square showed that young and single people do more sports activities in gated neighbourhoods. Women, unemployed people and public transport users walk more in non-gated neighbourhoods. In conclusion, future neighbourhoods should have more pedestrian friendly areas and a larger number of PA facilities, rather than building more walls and gates.  相似文献   

Status of Vitamin D Receptor Gene Polymorphism and 25-Hydroxy Vitamin D Deficiency with Essential Hypertension     

M. Prasad  D. Rajarajeswari  P. Aruna  K. Ramalingam  R. Viswakumar  Nusrath Fathima  Sandeep Kumar Vishwakarma  Aleem Ahmed Khan 《Indian journal of clinical biochemistry : IJCB》2022,37(3):335

Essential hypertension (EH) is a multifactorial and complex disease with high rate of incidence and associated co-morbidities. Previous studies do not provide unanimous results for the risk of hypertension and association with Fok I genotype frequency and serum vitamin D levels. Hence, this study was undertaken to determine the status of Fok I vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene polymorphism along with vitamin D levels and blood pressure in patients with EH. Four hundred (200 controls and 200 cases of essential hypertension) participants from general Indian population were enrolled in this study. Peripheral blood samples were collected for genotyping Fok I-VDR gene polymorphism using PCR–RFLP method whereas 25-OH vitamin D levels in serum were quantified using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Significantly reduced 25-OH vitamin D levels were observed in patients with EH (24.04 ± 8.62 vs 50.46 ± 15.46) compared to control subjects (p = 0.0001). Homozygous recessive genotype ‘ff’ frequency was increased by 8.06 fold (CI: 3.71–17.47, p = 0.0001) in patients with EH compared to dominant ‘FF’ genotype frequency. In conclusion, recessive ‘ff’ genotype frequency correlates with reduced serum vitamin D levels and results in significantly increased systolic and diastolic blood pressures leading to predisposition of EH.  相似文献   

Can Cartoons Influence Americans' Attitudes Toward Bailouts?     

Ahmed Abdel-Raheem 《Visual Communication Quarterly》2017,24(3):179-191

According to Moral Politics Theory (Lakoff, 1996, 2004, 2006, 2008), a portion of the U.S. population is biconceptual. These citizens subscribe to both the strict-father and nurturant-parent model in their reasoning about ideal families and therefore possess more flexible political attitudes that can shift depending on what family model is brought to the fore of their reasoning through the language used in public discourse. The present study examined whether visual issue framings in terms of a strict-father and nurturant-parent model result in short-term framing effects. Participants were exposed to strict-father and nurturant-parent framings of the issue of bailouts. The results showed that strict-father and nurturant-parent framings led to framing effects and that biconceptuals were susceptible to framings in terms of both models. Furthermore, the author demonstrated that presenting strict fathers with an antibailout argument framed in terms of strict-father values pushed them toward even stronger stances in line with their preheld beliefs (although see Chong & Druckman, 2007; Converse, 1974; Judd & Krosnick, 1982; Payne, 1951; Wehling, 2013; Wehling, Feinberg, Saslow, Melvaer, & Lakoff, 2014). In addition, the results confirmed that subtle changes in visual metaphoric constructions can exert an influence over people's political attitudes.  相似文献   

A genetically modified fuzzy linear discriminant analysis for face recognition     

Amar Khoukhi  Syed Faraz Ahmed 《Journal of The Franklin Institute》2011,348(10):2701-2717

This paper addresses the face recognition problem through a modification of the Fuzzy Fisherface classification method. In conventional methods, the relationship of each face to a class is assumed to be crisp. The Fuzzy Fisherface method introduces a gradual level of assignment of each face pattern to a class, using a membership grading based upon the K-Nearest Neighbor (KNN) algorithm. This method was further modified by incorporating the membership grade of each face pattern into the calculation of the between-class and within-class scatter matrices, termed as Complete Fuzzy LDA (CFLDA). The present work aims at improving the assignment of class membership by improving the parameters of the membership functions. A genetic algorithm is employed to optimize these parameters by searching the parameter space. Furthermore, the genetic algorithm is used to find the optimal number of nearest neighbors to be considered during the training phase. The experiments were performed on the Olivetti Research Laboratory (ORL) face image database and the results show consistent improvement in the recognition rate when compared to the results from other techniques applied on the same database and reported in literature.  相似文献   

Reaching for the “cloud”: How SMEs can manage   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Nabil Ahmed Sultan^{Author Vitae} 《International Journal of Information Management》2011,31(3):272-278

Cloud computing is an emerging new computing paradigm for delivering computing services. The approach relies on a number of existing technologies e.g., the Internet, virtualization and grid computing. However, the provision of this service in a pay-as-you-go way through the popular medium of the Internet renders this computing service approach unique compared with currently available computing service modalities. This article highlights some aspects of this uniqueness and also explores some of the concerns that might be preventing some companies from adopting it. Notwithstanding these concerns, it is argued in this article that cloud computing is likely to prove commercially viable for many small and medium enterprises (SMEs) due to its flexibility and pay-as-you-go cost structure, particularly in the current climate of economic difficulties. A case study of a cloud experience by a British SME is also presented in this study in order to further highlight the perceived values of cloud computing in terms of cost and efficiency for real small enterprises.  相似文献