A design environment for downstream processes for Bioprocess-Engineering students     

H. van der Schaaf  M. Vermue  J. Tramper  R. Hartog 《European Journal of Engineering Education》2003,28(4):507-521

A bioprocess engineer should have at least a set of basic design skills. Bioprocess design is a complex cognitive skill, which should be trained in every year of an academic Bioprocess-Engineering curriculum. However, there is little existing learning material to support the initial training of design skills early in the curriculum. For this reason a web-based DownStream Process Design environment has been developed, called DSPD. This article describes the design criteria for the development of this design environment. It describes the design environment itself and it gives an impression of the use of the design environment in a course for first-year students.  相似文献   

Comparing the gender gap in educational attainment: the impact of emancipatory contexts in 33 cohorts across 33 countries     

Margriet van Hek  Gerbert Kraaykamp  Maarten H. J. Wolbers 《Educational Research and Evaluation》2016,22(5-6):260-282

Nowadays, women outperform men in educational attainment in many countries. Still, large variation between countries remains. Emancipatory contexts in which individuals are raised might explain these differences in male–female educational attainment, both over time and across countries. This study examines individual and contextual factors that affect educational attainment of men and women for cohorts born between 1950 and 1982 across 33 countries. Possible explanations for differentiation over time and across countries relate to women’s labour market participation and an emancipatory normative climate, indicated by degree of religiosity. We employ multilevel models on data (N = 138,498) from 6 waves of the European Social Survey and the US General Social Survey (2002–2012) to test our hypotheses. Results show that a higher level of female labour market participation in early adolescence improves women’s performance in education, whereas high levels of religiosity during that phase negatively affect women’s educational attainment.  相似文献   

Preschool children's exposure to story grammar elements during parent–child book reading          下载免费PDF全文

Allison Breit‐Smith  Anne van Kleeck  Jo‐Anne Prendeville  Wei Pan 《Journal of Research in Reading》2017,40(4):345-364

Twenty‐three preschool‐age children, 3;6 (years; months) to 4;1, were videotaped separately with their mothers and fathers while each mother and father read a different unfamiliar storybook to them. The text from the unfamiliar storybooks was parsed and coded into story grammar elements and all parental extratextual utterances were transcribed and coded for (1) their relationship to the story grammar elements found within the storybook, and (2) the natural strategies parents used to direct their children's attention to these elements. Children's overall exposure to story grammar elements during book reading was also explored for its relationship to their language abilities. Results indicated that parents focused significantly more on the resolution, attempt, and consequence compared to the initiating event and plan, and most frequently used the text and pictures as strategies for recruiting their children's attention to the story grammar elements within the book. In addition, the frequency of parental utterances related to story grammar elements was negatively correlated with children's language abilities. This study did not examine the complexity or depth of parental utterances related to story grammar elements. These findings provide initial evidence that children may derive their understanding of story grammar at least in part through their parents' extratextual discussions during parent–child book reading.  相似文献   

Longitudinal retention of anatomical knowledge in second‐year medical students          下载免费PDF全文

Denise E. Doomernik  Harry van Goor  Jan G.M. Kooloos  Richard P. ten Broek 《Anatomical sciences education》2017,10(3):242-248

The Radboud University Medical Center has a problem‐based, learner‐oriented, horizontally, and vertically integrated medical curriculum. Anatomists and clinicians have noticed students’ decreasing anatomical knowledge and the disability to apply knowledge in diagnostic reasoning and problem solving. In a longitudinal cohort, the retention of anatomical knowledge gained during the first year of medical school among second‐year medical students was assessed. In May 2011, 346 medical students applied for the second‐year gastro‐intestinal (GI) tract course. The students were asked to participate in a reexamination of a selection of anatomical questions of an examination from October 2009. The examination consisted of a clinical anatomy case scenario and two computed tomography (CT) images of thorax and abdomen in an extended matching format. A total of 165 students were included for analysis. In 2011, students scored significantly lower for the anatomy examination compared to 2009 with a decline in overall examination score of 14.7% (±11.7%). Decrease in knowledge was higher in the radiological questions, compared to the clinical anatomy cases 17.5% (±13.6%) vs. 7.9% (±10.0%), respectively, d = 5.17. In both years, male students scored slightly better compared to female students, and decline of knowledge seems somewhat lower in male students (13.1% (±11.1%) vs. 15.5% (±12.0%), respectively), d = ?0.21. Anatomical knowledge in the problem‐oriented horizontal and vertical integrated medical curriculum, declined by approximately 15% 1.5 year after the initial anatomy course. The loss of knowledge in the present study is relative small compared to previous studies. Anat Sci Educ 10: 242–248. © 2016 American Association of Anatomists.  相似文献   

Using a Group‐Centered Approach to Observe Interactions in Early Childhood Education          下载免费PDF全文

Saskia D. M. van Schaik  Paul P. M. Leseman  Mariëtte de Haan 《Child development》2018,89(3):897-913

This study examined the value of using a group‐centered approach to evaluate process quality of early childhood education and care (ECEC). Is observed support of group processes a different aspect of classroom quality, and does it predict children's collaborative play in ECEC in the Netherlands? In two play situations, 37 teachers and 120 two‐ to four‐year‐old children were observed with the Classroom Assessment Scoring System (CLASS) Toddler and two new measures. In a two‐level structural equation model, teachers’ support of group processes was positively related to the CLASS domains and to children's collaborative play, over and above the effect of children's cognitive ability and social competence. These findings suggest that ECEC quality evaluation could be enriched by adding group‐centered indicators of classroom quality.  相似文献   

The development of professional competencies by educational assistants in school‐based teacher education     

R. Taconis  J. van der Sanden 《欧洲师范教育杂志》2004,27(2):215-240

Diese Studie beschreibt den Entwicklungsprozess der professionellen Fähigkeiten von 26 Studenten, die an einem sog. ‘Dualen’ Trainingsprogramm, zum Klassenassistenten teilnahmen. Die Analyse basiert sich auf:(a) Einen Kolbs LSI‐Fragebogen über den Lernstil und das situationsspezifische Lernverhalten (α=.70), (b)Ein ‘Storyline Instrument’ als graphische Darstellung über die Entwicklung der Kompetenzen im Trainingsprogramm; (c) Beurteilung der Fähigkeiten mit Noten. ‘Aktives Experimentieren’ in der Arbeitsumgebung hat zu guten Ergebnissen geführt (r=.50 typisch). Die Auszubildenden erfahren, dass ‘Lernen durch Aktivität’ und ‘Feedback oder Hinweise’ die besten Mittel sind, die deren eigenes Lernverhalten fördern. Viele Studenten durchlaufen eine ‘vorbereitende Lernzeit’, in der sie zwar Erfahrungen im Unterrichtswesen sammeln, wobei aber deren Fähigkeiten keinerlei Fortschritte zeigen. Vorbereitendes Lernen hängt positiv mit der Neigung nach reflexiver Observation und negativ mit der Neigung zu aktiven Experimenten zusammen (r=.50 typisch) und korreliert auch negativ (r=?.55 typisch) zum letztendlichen Kompetenzniveau. Das Ergebnis dieser Studie betont die Anwendung des ‘aktiven Experimentierens’ der in‐service Studenten und weicht ab von der allgemeinen Annahme, dass Observation für die professionelle Entwicklung der dualen Lehrerbildung und den In‐Service Unterricht wichtig sei. Diese Studie ist zur Verbesserung aller Lehrerausbildungen in Europa relevant.  相似文献   

Students’ perception of frequent assessments and its relation to motivation and grades in a statistics course: a pilot study     

Bram E. Vaessen  Antoine van den Beemt  Gerard van de Watering  Ludo W. van Meeuwen  Lex Lemmens  Perry den Brok 《Assessment & Evaluation in Higher Education》2017,42(6):872-886

This pilot study measures university students’ perceptions of graded frequent assessments in an obligatory statistics course using a novel questionnaire. Relations between perceptions of frequent assessments, intrinsic motivation and grades were also investigated. A factor analysis of the questionnaire revealed four factors, which were labelled value, formative function, positive effects and negative effects. The results showed that most students valued graded frequent assessments as a study motivator. A modest number of students experienced positive or negative effects from assessments and grades received. Less than half of the students used the results of frequent assessments in their learning process. The perception of negative effects (lower self-confidence and more stress) negatively mediated the relation between grades and intrinsic motivation. It is argued that communication with students regarding the purpose and benefits of frequent assessments could mitigate these negative effects.  相似文献   

Performance Assessment as a Diagnostic Tool for Science Teachers     

Kruit  Patricia  Oostdam  Ron  van den Berg  Ed  Schuitema  Jaap 《Research in Science Education》2020,50(3):1093-1117

Research in Science Education - Information on students’ development of science skills is essential for teachers to evaluate and improve their own education, as well as to provide adequate...  相似文献   

Book reviews     

Walter Uhsadel  Roy Shaw  D. Arn van Krevelen  Nicholas Hans  Ernst Simon  Joseph S. Roucek  Joseph D'haese  Otto Völcker  R. Durand de Bousingen  Hermann Röhrs 《International Review of Education/Internationale Zeitschrift für Erziehungswissenschaft/Revue internationale l'éducation》1957,3(3):347-366

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The similarity of siblings' attachments to their mother     

van Ijzendoorn MH  Moran G  Belsky J  Pederson D  Bakermans-Kranenburg MJ  Kneppers K 《Child development》2000,71(4):1086-1098

Do siblings develop similar attachment relationships with their mother? Attachment theory suggests that brothers and sisters growing up in the same family are likely to relate in similar ways to their parents, at least when parental attachment representations and interactive styles remain stable across time. In the current study, sibling attachment data from three research groups (from Pennsylvania State University, Leiden University, and the University of Western Ontario) have been pooled to assemble a sufficiently large sample of observations (N = 138 sibling pairs) for a detailed comparison of sibling attachment relationships. Spacing between the births, differences in maternal sensitivity, and gender of siblings were examined as possible sources of concordance of nonconcordance. Attachment security (including disorganized attachment) of each sibling was assessed with the Strange Situation procedure between 12 and 14 months after birth. Maternal sensitivity was observed with the same rating scale in a laboratory play session in one of the studies and in home observations in the others. Sibling relationships were found to be significantly concordant when classified as secure/nonsecure (62% concordance, p < .01, 1-tailed, intraclass correlation = .23) but not when further subcategorized. Maternal insensitivity to both siblings (shared environment) was associated with concordance of sibling nonsecurity. Siblings of the same gender were more likely to form concordant relationships with their mother (68%; p < .01, 1-tailed, intraclass correlation = .37) than those of opposite gender. Same-sex sibling concordance was comparable to the concordance found for monozygotic twins in earlier studies. Genetic factors may, therefore, play a relatively small role in the development of attachment.  相似文献