Using the results of assessment for improvement     

Linda B. Rudolph  Daniel J. Poje  Janice Van Dyke 《Assessment Update》1994,6(5):4-7

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Work models: Beyond instructional objectives     

C. V. Bunderson  A. S. Gibbons  J. B. Olsen  G. P. Kearsley 《Instructional Science》1981,10(3):205-215

While instructional objectives have provided a cornerstone for the practice and science of instruction, they have also locked us into a lexically based conceptual system. In order to realize the interactive potential of computer-based instructional systems, we need a new way of representing performance. This paper presents the concept of a work model which is a unit of practice which allows replication of both information and interaction. In addition, the work model idea also addresses some of the fundamental problems with objectives such as their inability to capture the richness of terminal behavior or how to relate objectives to content.  相似文献   

Delay in disclosure of childhood rape: results from a national survey     

Smith DW  Letourneau EJ  Saunders BE  Kilpatrick DG  Resnick HS  Best CL 《Child abuse & neglect》2000,24(2):273-287

OBJECTIVE: This study sought to gather representative data regarding the length of time women who were raped before age 18 delayed prior to disclosing such rapes, whom they disclosed to, and variables that predicted disclosure within 1 month. METHOD: Data were gathered from 3,220 Wave II respondents from the National Women's Study (Resnick, Kilpatrick, Dansky, Saunders, & Best, 1993), a nationally representative telephone survey of women's experiences with trauma and mental health. Of these, 288 retrospectively reported at least one rape prior to their 18th birthday. Details of rape experiences were analyzed to identify predictors of disclosure within 1 month. RESULTS: Fully 28% of child rape victims reported that they had never told anyone about their child rape prior to the research interview; 47% did not disclose for over 5 years post-rape. Close friends were the most common confidants. Younger age at the time of rape, family relationship with the perpetrator, and experiencing a series of rapes were associated with disclosure latencies longer than 1 month; shorter delays were associated with stranger rapes. Logistic regression revealed that age at rape and knowing the perpetrator were independently predictive of delayed disclosure. CONCLUSIONS: Delayed disclosure of childhood rape was very common, and long delays were typical. Few variables were identified that successfully predicted disclosure behavior, but older age and rape by a stranger were associated with more rapid disclosure. This suggests that the likelihood of disclosure in a given case is difficult to estimate, and predictions based on single variables are unwarranted.  相似文献   

ADJUSTMENT AND LANGUAGE DEVELOPMENT     

Denis Joynt B.A.  Dip. Ed.  Dip. Ed. Psych. 《International Journal of Disability, Development & Education》1969,16(1):29-32

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Adaptive progressive download based on the MPEG-4 file format     

Färber Nikolaus  Döhla Stefan  Issing Jochen 《浙江大学学报(A卷英文版)》2006,7(1):106-111

In this paper we describe how progressive download and adaptive streaming can be combined into a simple and efficient streaming framework. Based on the MPEG-4 file format (MP4) we use HTTP for transport and argue that these two components are sufficient for specifying an open streaming architecture. The client selects appropriate chunks from the MP4 file to be transferred based on (1) the header information (i.e. the “moov” box) in the first part of the file and (2) his observation of network throughput. The framework is completely client driven which allows for better server scalability and reduces signalling overhead. We discuss architecture and implementation issues such as complexity, interoperability and scalability and compare to 3GPP PSS Rel-6 adaptive streaming when appropriate. Measurements from a simple MP4/HTTP streaming client are presented showing that appropriate chunks are selected such that increased reliability is achieved.  相似文献   

Book reviews     

Sir Roger Bannister  Kieran Egan  S. B. Drury  Ruth Weir  Juan Pascual-Leone  Frances Rooney 《Interchange》1986,17(3):65-77

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The microcomputer and achievement and attitudes in high school biology     

Paul B. Hounshell  Stanford R. Hill 《科学教学研究杂志》1989,26(6):543-549

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The impact of social and econoic changes on the expectations which parents and pupils have of schools     

Zoltán Báthory 《International Review of Education/Internationale Zeitschrift für Erziehungswissenschaft/Revue internationale l'éducation》1987,33(3):281-285

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Faculty members' provision of instructional accommodations to students with LD     

Bourke AB  Strehorn KC  Silver P 《Journal of learning disabilities》2000,33(1):26-32

The existing research on the instructional accommodation process of college students with learning disabilities focuses on attitudes and theoretical models without delineating actual practices. To date, the discussion of facilitating factors and barriers to this process has been broad and lacking specificity. Surveys were mailed to 485 faculty members at the University of Massachusetts, Amherst, who received an instructional accommodation form from the office of Learning Disabilities Support Services in the fall of 1995. The survey focused on faculty members' reported degree of ease or difficulty in implementing instructional accommodations, their perceptions regarding adequacy of support, and their own beliefs and understandings concerning the need for and benefit of providing instructional accommodations. The results indicate that beliefs about the helpfulness of and need for instructional accommodations were associated with the provision of the accommodations. Also, a perception of support from the University influenced the ease of providing instructional accommodations. A significant difference was found between the behavior of tenure-track faculty and non-tenure-track faculty.  相似文献   

Operant responding by bonnet macaques for color videotape recordings of social stimuli     

Karyl B. Swartz  Leonard A. Rosenblum 《Learning & behavior》1980,8(2):311-321

Socially reared juvenile bonnet macaques responded at high sustained levels in an operant task for presentation of color videotaped television images of social stimuli. Absolute levels of response depended upon the nature of the stimulus. In two experiments, subjects responded at 60.8% and 74.6% of the 1-h experimental sessions for presentation of a color videotape of a conspecific adult female moving freely in an enclosed stimulus chamber. In a later experiment, subjects maintained high levels of response during 15-min sessions for presentations of the conspecific image, but responded with significantly shorter duration responses for similar presentation of a videotape of an adult female of another macaque species, a still picture of a conspecific adult female, and a videotape of the empty stimulus chamber. With longer, 1-h, stimulus presentation, the three social stimuli sustained high levels of response while responses for presentation of the empty stimulus chamber waned significantly over the experimental session. The sustained high levels of response obtained over several hours of stimulus presentation suggest the value of color videotape stimuli in the experimental study of social perception in nonhuman primates.  相似文献