WHAT CONSTITUTES EFFECTIVE RESEARCH? A CASE STUDY     

Ortrun Zuber‐Skerritt 《Higher Education in Europe》1988,13(4):64-76

The aim of this study is to elicit from staff members and from postgraduate students their personal constructs of research effectiveness. Based on Kelly's Personal Construct Theory, the repertory grid technique was used to elicit, analyse, discuss, and negotiate individual and group constructs of research with the result of arriving at a greater group consensus and a clearer picture of shared criteria for research effectiveness.  相似文献   

The effect of language specific factors on early written composition: the role of spelling,oral language and text generation skills in a shallow orthography     

Barbara Arfé  Julie E. Dockrell  Bianca De Bernardi 《Reading and writing》2016,29(3):501-527

Spelling skills have been identified as one of the major barriers to written text production in young English writers. By contrast oral language skills and text generation have been found to be less influential in the texts produced by beginning writers. To date, our understanding of the role of spelling skills in transparent orthographies is limited. The current study addressed this gap by examining the contribution of spelling, oral language and text generation skills in written text production in Italian beginner writers. Eighty-three children aged 7–8 years participated in the study. Spelling, lexical retrieval, receptive grammar, and written sentence generation and reformulation skills were assessed and children were asked to write a text on a set topic. A factor analysis revealed that the children’s written text production was captured by three factors: productivity, complexity and accuracy. In contrast to results from children learning to write in opaque orthographies, such as English, this study showed that receptive grammar and written sentence generation skills accounted for significant variance in measures of productivity, complexity and accuracy in Italian children’s written text production. Spelling skills contributed to text accuracy and quality and explained more variance than receptive grammar in microstructural accuracy. By contrast, oral grammatical skills explained more variance in text quality than spelling. The current study shows the differential impact of language systems, such as Italian, on written text production. Implications for assessment and instruction are outlined.  相似文献   

Campus strategies: The “prompts” project prompts academic and student affairs collaboration     

Barbara S. Fuhrmann 《Assessment Update》1995,7(6):10-10

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Making documentaries and teaching about educational disadvantage: Ethical issues and practical dilemmas     

Helen Nixon  Barbara Comber 《The Australian Educational Researcher》1995,22(2):63-84

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The impact of inservice teacher education on mathematics teachers' subject-matter confidence, and competency     

Barbara Fresko 《Teaching and Teacher Education》1985,1(4):317-324

Two inservice courses designed to strengthen teachers' subject-matter competencies while introducing them to mathematics curricula for Grades 7 and 8 were investigated. In a pretest-posttest quasi-experimental design, participants were given a confidence measure and knowledge test. After the inservice training, teachers manifested greater self-confidence in knowledge of curricular material, a corresponding increase in mathematics skills, and high levels of confidence in ability to teach the curriculum. Results suggest that when knowledge tests are not feasible, measurement of confidence in solving problems may be sufficient to evaluate the cognitive impact of an inservice program.  相似文献   

FACULTY ATTITUDES TOWARD INSTITUTIONAL COMPETITIVE STRATEGIES IN U.S. RESEARCH UNIVERSITIES     

Yoram Neumann  Edith Finaly‐Neumann 《Assessment & Evaluation in Higher Education》1990,15(1):60-73

The present study aims at assessing faculty attitudes toward institutional competitive strategies in U.S. research universities and at exploring some of the correlates of these attitudes.

A stratified random sample of 40 U.S. research university departments, 10 each in physics, sociology, electrical engineering, and education was surveyed by means of a questionnaire.

The major findings of this study suggest that faculty members at research universities express non‐receptive attitudes toward university generic strategies, although, more productive,more satisfied and more committed faculty members are relatively more receptive toward university strategies than less productive, less satisfied and less committed faculty members.

The meaning and the implications of these findings are discussed.  相似文献   

Survivors in a male preserve: A study of British women academics' experiences and perceptions of discrimination in a UK university   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Barbara Bagilhole 《Higher Education》1993,26(4):431-447

Women academics in British universities make up a very small minority and are concentrated in the lower grades. All the statistical evidence points to the fact that a reason for this situation is that discrimination exists in the academic profession. Howerver, very little empirical information exists on the nature of this discrimination and how it operates. The study reported here seeks to contribute to the understanding of this phenomenon by exploring the processes involved, through the perceptions and experience of women academics themselves. A total of 43 women from a British university were interviewed at length, and problem areas were highlighted by their evidence.There is the problem of being in very small minorities functioning in a male environment. They suffer from isolation and exclusion from their male colleagues, and challenges to their authority from male students. They have fewer support systems, with few role models or mentors, and little access to communication networks. They report problems with work relationships, and experience hostility from male colleagues and students. The majority had experienced discrimination within the university. Finally, the effects of these factors on their perception of themselves as academics are explored. The majority become convinced that the concept of a women academic is problematic. This leads them to put pressure on themselves to perform better than male colleagues, and to avoid being identified with other women. They become honorary men and as such are in no position to support other women.Being different is a very hard row to hoe. The nail that sticks out gets hammered down. (Two traditional Japanese sayings.New Internationalist, May 1992, p. 231).  相似文献   

ICT and educational (dis)advantage: families,computers and contemporary social and educational inequalities     

Lawrence Angus  Wendy Sutherland‐Smith 《British Journal of Sociology of Education》2004,25(1):3-18

Because access to new technologies is unequally distributed, there has been considerable debate about the growing gap between the so‐called information‐rich and information‐poor. Such concerns have led to high‐profile information technology policy initiatives in many countries. In Australia, in an attempt to ‘redress the balance between the information rich and poor’ by providing ‘equal access to the World Wide Web’ (Virtual Communities, 2002 Virtual Communities (2002) About us. Available online at: http://www.virtualcommunities. com.au (accessed 18 August 2002)  [Google Scholar]), the Australian Council of Trade Unions, Virtual Communities (a computer/software distributor) and Primus (an Internet provider) in late 1999 formed an alliance to offer relatively inexpensive computer and Internet access to union members in order to make ‘technology affordable for all Australians’ (Virtual Communities, 2002 Virtual Communities (2002) About us. Available online at: http://www.virtualcommunities. com.au (accessed 18 August 2002)  [Google Scholar]). In this paper, we examine four families, one of which had long‐term Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) access, and three of which took advantage of the Virtual Communities offer to get home computer and Internet access for the first time. We examine their engagement with ICT and suggest that previously disadvantaged family members are not particularly advantaged by their access to ICT.  相似文献   

RECOGNITION OF STUDIES,DIPLOMAS, AND DEGREES: THE YUGOSLAV EXPERIENCE     

Nataša Popivoda‐Endresen 《Higher Education in Europe》1990,15(1):73-79

The differences, so far as Yugoslav legislation is concerned, between “equivalence” and “recognition” are mads clear, and the Yugoslav instances authorized to make decisions on questions of equivalence and recognition are stated and their procedures, briefly described. The 7 multilateral conventions and the 13 bilateral agreements on equivalence and recognition matters are listed. More is said about the various Yugoslav instances empowered to make decisions and to give Information on questions of equivalence and recognition.  相似文献   

Two Mandarin readers in Taiwan: characteristics of children with higher and lower reading proficiency levels     

Jia‐ling Charlene Yau 《Journal of Research in Reading》2005,28(2):108-124

This study investigated how two readers of Mandarin with differing reading‐proficiency skills interacted with a narrative passage, as well as what knowledge they brought to and made use of while reading the text. The perspectives of reading comprehension, transactional theory and social‐cognitive models of reading served as this study's theoretical framework. Two Sixth‐Grade participants were selected for inclusion through snowball sampling. The data in this study were obtained from interviews and think‐alouds. Qualitative analysis indicated that the skilled Mandarin reader's stance moved along the efferent/aesthetic continuum, while the less‐skilled Mandarin reader's was mainly efferent. The skilled reader employed strategies of inferencing, summarisation and synthesis during and after reading, while the less‐skilled reader applied bridging inferences, paraphrasing and repetition. The findings of this study corroborate previous findings that proficient readers employ more sophisticated approaches to reading than less‐proficient readers.  相似文献