Book reviews     

Ray W. Cooksey  Ron Ikin  Barry M. Coldrey 《The Australian Educational Researcher》1989,16(2):99-103

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From school to higher education in Australia   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：2  

Martin Hayden  Peter Carpenter 《Higher Education》1990,20(2):175-196

This paper addresses the question of why young people go on from school to higher education in Australia. A person-situation interactionist theory to explain decisions taken in the matter is developed, and in the light of this theory a model to predict entry to higher education is advanced. The model is tested using data from separate studies in two Australian States, Victoria and Queensland. Results of bivariate and logistic regression analyses are generally consistent with expectations from the model. Certain interactive effects of variables in the model upon entry to higher education are reported.  相似文献   

What does it mean to be an exemplary science teacher?     

Kenneth Tobin  Barry J. Fraser 《科学教学研究杂志》1990,27(1):3-25

In order to provide a refreshing alternative to the majority of research reports, which malign science education and highlight its major problems and shortcomings, a series of case studies of exemplary practice was initiated to provide a focus on the successful and positive facets of schooling. The major data-collection approach was qualitative and involved 13 researchers in hundreds of hours of intensive classroom observation involving 20 exemplary teachers and a comparison group of nonexemplary teachers. A distinctive feature of the methodology was that the qualitative information was complemented by quantitative information obtained from the administration of questionnaires assessing student perceptions of classroom psychosocial environment. The major trends were that exemplary science teachers (1) used management strategies that facilitated sustained student engagement, (2) used strategies designed to increase student understanding of science, (3) utilized strategies that encouraged students to participate in learning activities, and (4) maintained a favorable classroom learning environment.  相似文献   

Selecting evaluation instruments     

Barry J. Fraser 《Research in Science Education》1974,4(1):99-111

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Energy in three New Zealand secondary school junior science classrooms     

Malcom Carr  Valda Kirkwood  Barry Newman  Ralph Birdwhistell 《Research in Science Education》1987,17(1):117-128

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Children's Responses to Contrasting `Realistic' Mathematics Problems: Just how realistic are children ready to be?   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Barry Cooper  Tony Harries 《Educational Studies in Mathematics》2002,49(1):1-23

In recent years there has been an increasing emphasis within the world of mathematics education on realistic problem solving. At the same time research has shown that children typically remain apparently unwilling or unable to introduce realistic considerations when solving supposedly realistic word problems, though research has also shown that children's behaviour in this domain does vary as a function of the nature of the item, its context and the child's social background. This paper analyses 11–12 year-old English children's responses to two realistic problems. The first is taken from English national tests; the second is a revised version of this item which has been rewritten to encourage a more realistic pattern of responses. Through a comparison of responses to the two items it is suggested that, given suitable realistic problems, many children may be more willing and able to introduce realistic responses in a testing context than earlier research might lead us to expect.This revised version was published online in September 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date.  相似文献   

The Induction of Beginning Secondary Teachers     

Kathy McCahon  Peter Carpenter 《Asia-Pacific Journal of Teacher Education》1987,15(2):27-35

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Student attitudes to UNDP Social Science curriculum in Fiji — Personal and environmental influences     

Tupeni L. Baba  Barry J. Fraser 《International Review of Education/Internationale Zeitschrift für Erziehungswissenschaft/Revue internationale l'éducation》1983,29(4):465-483

A sample of 834 seventh grade students in Fiji participated in an evaluation of the UNDP Social Science curriculum by responding to questionnaires measuring attitudes to or perceptions of three important curriculum process criteria (Interest, Ease and Adequacy of Time). The three major purposes of the evaluation were to provide formative information to guide curriculum revision, to provide summative information about the overall efficacy of the curriculum, and to explore the differential suitability of the curriculum for students varying in personal and environmental characteristics. Examination of means on individual questionnaire items led to the identification of certain curriculum activities requiring modification to improve their level of Interest, Ease, or Adequacy of Time. The finding that the mean score was relatively high for most questionnaire items suggested that the majority of activities in the curriculum were perceived by students as interesting and easy and having sufficient time for completion. Multiple regression analyses revealed that a block of personal variables and a block of environmental variables, but not a block of person-environment interactions, accounted for a significant amount of variance in the three process criteria. In particular, it was found that student attitudes to the curriculum varied systematically with certain personal variables (e.g., student general interest in social science, student ethnicity) and environmental variables (e.g., school location, teacher training).

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Zusammenfassung Eine Stichprobe von 834 Schülern des siebten Schuljahres auf den Fidschi-Inseln, die an einer Auswertung des UNDP sozialwissenschaftlichen Curriculums teilnahmen, indem sie Fragebogen beantworteten, welche die Einstellungen oder Wahrnehmungen dreier wichtiger Curriculumentwicklungskriterien (Interesse, Schwierigkeitsgrad und Angemessenheit des Zeitansatzes) maßen. Die drei Hauptziele der Auswertung waren, Hinweise zur Gestaltung als Anleitung zur Curriculumsüberarbeitung zu geben, zusammenfassende Information über die Gesamtwirkung des Curriculums zu erteilen, und die unterschiedliche Eignung des Curriculums für Schüler zu untersuchen, die in persönlichen und umweltbedingten Merkmalen abweichen. Die Untersuchung der Werte der individuellen Fragebogenpunkte führte zur Identifikation bestimmter Curriculumaktivitäten, die Veränderungen erforderten, um das Interessenniveau, den Schwierigkeitsgrad oder die Angemessenheit des Zeitansatzes zu verbessern. Die Feststellung, daß die durchschnittliche Punktzahl für die meisten Fragebogenpunkte relativ hoch war, legte nahe, daß die Mehrzahl der Aktivitäten im Curriculum von den Schülern als interessant, leicht und als zeitausreichend empfunden wurde. Multiple Regressionsanalysen zeigten, daß ein Block von persönlichen Variablen und ein Block von Umweltvariablen, aber kein Block von Person-, Umwelt-Interaktionen, Rechenschaft ablegten über einen signifikanten Betrag von Varianz in den drei Entwicklungskriterien. Im besonderen stellte sich heraus, daß die Einstellungen von Schülern zum Curriculum sich systematisch veränderten mit bestimmten persönlichen Variablen (z.B. allgemeines Interesse der Schüler an Sozialwissenschaften, ethnische Zugehörigkeit der Schüler) und durch Umweltvariablen (z.B. Schulstandort, Lehrerausbildung).

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Résumé Aux îles Fidgi, un échantillon de 834 élèves du 7ième degré a participé à une évaluation du curriculum des sciences sociales de l'UNDP en remplissant des questionnaires qui mesuraient leurs attitudes vis-à-vis de trois critères importants du processus curriculaire ainsi que leurs perceptions de ces critères (intérêt, facilité et convenance du temps alloué). Les trois principaux objectifs de l'évaluation consistaient à apporter une information formative pour guider la révision du curriculum, à donner ensuite une information globale sur l'ensemble de l'efficacité du curriculum et enfin à explorer la convenance différentielle du curriculum pour les étudiants qui présentent des caractéristiques personnelles différentes et dont l'environnement diffère. L'examen des données moyennes de certains points du questionnaire a conduit à l'identification de certaines activités du curriculum qui ont nécessité une modification pour améliorer leur niveau d'intérêt, de facilité et de convenance du temps alloué. Le fait que la moyenne était relativement élevée pour la plupart des points du questionnaire laissait supposer que la majorité des activités de ce curriculum étaient intéressantes, faciles pour les étudiants et réalisables dans le temps alloué. Plusieurs analyses régressives ont montré qu'un bloc de variables personnelles et un bloc de variables liées à l'environnement, mais non pas un bloc d'interactions entre personnes et environnement, étaient responsables d'une grande variation des trois critères du processus. Il s'est avéré en particulier que les attitudes des étudiants vis-à-vis du curriculum variaient systématiquement en fonction de certaines variables personnelles (intérêt général des étudiants pour les sciences sociales, l'origine des étudiants) et de variables liées à l'environnement (emplacement de l'école, formation des enseignants).

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School reading volunteers: results of a postal survey of primary school head teachers in England     

Barry Stierer 《Journal of Research in Reading》1985,8(1):21-31

This article reports the results of a postal survey of primary school head teachers in England carried out in order to take a broad ‘sounding’ of mainstream practice with respect to volunteer help with reading within schools. The objective was to build up a general picture of the scale of the practice in schools and of its significance to teachers. From an initial random sample of 500 schools, an overall response rate of 76 per cent was achieved. Issues raised by the results include: (i) the special status of reading in the relationship between home and school; (ii) the issues of professionalism raised by head teachers with respect to the use of volunteer reading helpers; (iii) the question of whether parents' help with school reading can in all cases legitimately be called ‘parental’; and (iv) the relationship between volunteer help with reading and teachers' working conditions in a contracting education service.  相似文献   

Piagetian tasks as readiness measures in mathematics instruction: A critical review     

James Hiebert  Thomas P. Carpenter 《Educational Studies in Mathematics》1982,13(3):329-345

The purpose of this review was to synthesize the research on the relationship between performance on Piagetian tasks of concrete operations and performance on mathematics learning tasks in order to determine whether the Piagetian tasks make useful readiness measures. The research consistently indicates that, while there is a positive correlation between performance on Piagetian tasks and mathematics achievement, many school mathematics tasks can be mastered by children who have not yet developed the reasoning abilities measured by Piagetian tasks. This does not diminish the validity of Piaget's theory, but rather suggests that the kinds of reasoning processes identified by Piaget are not essential in solving many school mathematics tasks.  相似文献