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Sally Hernando 《Health information and libraries journal》1997,14(2):105-119
This article summarizes a research projectcarried out with the nursing staff of South Buckinghamshire NHS Trust. A ‘communityprofile’ looked at nurses’ use of library and information services for patient carepurposes and found that only a small proportion of all categories of qualified staff were libraryusers. A postal questionnaire was used to investigate why nurses sought information,what they used it for, where they obtained it from and how valuable they perceived it to be. Theresults show that personal and departmental collections were used quite frequently and theinformation was widely disseminated by the nurses to patients and their families, to colleagues andto students. The overall message from the survey was that the information obtained is valuedhighly and is used for various important purposes in health care delivery, such as educatingpatients and their families and revising treatment plans. However, nurses have difficulty inaccessing libraries, which are judged to contain the most accurate, reliable and up-to-dateinformation. The data from the community profile and questionnaire were furtheranalysed using soft systems methodology, in order to identify problems in the traditional model ofinformation delivery to nurses via a conventional library and information service. These were theninvestigated further and a series of recommendations for action drawn up. 相似文献
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Milena?Keller-MargulisEmail author Allison?Dempsey Ashlie?Llorens 《Early Childhood Education Journal》2011,39(2):95-102
The developmental outcomes for children born preterm have been examined by many, with results unequivocally indicating that
children born preterm tend to have poorer cognitive outcomes and more developmental difficulties. Less attention has been
paid to academic outcomes. The purpose of this paper is to review the academic skills assessment of children born preterm,
examine the methodologies used to ascertain skill deficits, and identify essential directions for future research. Overwhelmingly
the results of studies of academic skills indicate that children born preterm function lower than their full term peers. The
methodological flaws with existing studies that impede broad conclusions about specific skill deficits will be discussed.
It is critical that future research examine the academic skill deficits contributing to disability status so that effective
early intervention strategies may be developed and implemented. 相似文献
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Ana-Cristina Llorens Eduardo Vidal-Abarca Raquel Cerdán Vicenta Ávila 《Infancia y Aprendizaje》2015,38(4):808-841
This study analyses the efficacy of formative feedback to boost students’ search behaviour when answering comprehension questions in a with-text reading situation, which is a common reading situation in instructional and assessment settings. In these reading situations search strategies play an important role to predict students’ performance. Sixty-five high school students read two texts and answered eight multiple-choice comprehension questions per text using the software Read&Answer, which recorded all the students’ actions. After answering each question, students received either global-search-feedback or specific-search-feedback, which differed in the specificity of their information, or no-feedback. Participants who received any feedback had a second chance to correct their wrong answers. Specific-search-feedback increased students’ search decisions and improved their use of relevant information to repair wrong answers over global-search-feedback. Consequently, specific-search-feedback improved students’ performance when they corrected wrong answers over global-search-feedback. These results have implications for the design and implementation of formative feedback in computer-based systems aimed at improving students’ performance and teaching reading literacy skills. 相似文献
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In collaborative filtering recommender systems recommendations can be made to groups of users. There are four basic stages in the collaborative filtering algorithms where the group’s users’ data can be aggregated to the data of the group of users: similarity metric, establishing the neighborhood, prediction phase, determination of recommended items. In this paper we perform aggregation experiments in each of the four stages and two fundamental conclusions are reached: (1) the system accuracy does not vary significantly according to the stage where the aggregation is performed, (2) the system performance improves notably when the aggregation is performed in an earlier stage of the collaborative filtering process. This paper provides a group recommendation similarity metric and demonstrates the convenience of tackling the aggregation of the group’s users in the actual similarity metric of the collaborative filtering process. 相似文献
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This paper addresses the problem of the automatic recognition and classification of temporal expressions and events in human language. Efficacy in these tasks is crucial if the broader task of temporal information processing is to be successfully performed. We analyze whether the application of semantic knowledge to these tasks improves the performance of current approaches. We therefore present and evaluate a data-driven approach as part of a system: TIPSem. Our approach uses lexical semantics and semantic roles as additional information to extend classical approaches which are principally based on morphosyntax. The results obtained for English show that semantic knowledge aids in temporal expression and event recognition, achieving an error reduction of 59% and 21%, while in classification the contribution is limited. From the analysis of the results it may be concluded that the application of semantic knowledge leads to more general models and aids in the recognition of temporal entities that are ambiguous at shallower language analysis levels. We also discovered that lexical semantics and semantic roles have complementary advantages, and that it is useful to combine them. Finally, we carried out the same analysis for Spanish. The results obtained show comparable advantages. This supports the hypothesis that applying the proposed semantic knowledge may be useful for different languages. 相似文献
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This study investigates whether perceptions of the media and the public are related to political participation in Colombia. Communication researchers have built a large body of literature on hostile media perceptions and the projection effect, respectively. This study links these perceptual effects with each other and with political participation. Analyzing survey data from a representative sample of Colombian adults in urban areas, we show a direct relationship between hostile media perceptions and participation but no direct relationship between projection and participation. Hostile media perceptions and projection are negatively related. Results suggest that perceived media bias attenuates projection but increases political engagement. 相似文献
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ResumenUna visión constructiva de la adquisición de los conceptos científicos implica conocer todos aquellos factores de tipo cultural que influyen en su aprendizaje. En este trabajo pretendemos justificar la relevancia del análisis semántico del uso del lenguaje por el alumno en la caracterización de dichos factores.Las tendencias actuales de la Filosofía del lenguaje y de la Psicología del aprendizaje coinciden en admitir el carácter interactivo de la relación entre lenguaje y pensamiento. Al mismo tiempo, los resultados de numerosas investigaciones muestran la interrelación entre lenguaje y ambiente cultural. Nuestra hipótesis subraya la importancia del análisis semántico del lenguaje ordinario y científico del alumno con el objetivo de identificar acepciones muy específicas que permiten estudiar la interacción cultura-aprendizaje. 相似文献
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The self-efficacy of prospective primary teachers was studied, considering in particular the relationship of that construct with the emotions they expect to experience as future science teachers, differentiating between when they will be teaching the content of the ‘nature sciences’ (biology and geology) and that of the ‘hard sciences’ (physics and chemistry). The study instrument was a questionnaire completed by 188 prospective primary school teachers in their initial education at the University of Extremadura during the academic year 2009/2010. The results showed them to mostly have positive emotions towards nature sciences and negative towards the hard sciences. While their beliefs concerning their self-efficacy are significantly related to their emotions about their future teaching of the hard sciences, high self-efficacy was significantly correlated with more positive emotions and fewer negative emotions towards physics and chemistry. 相似文献
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Researchers in indexing and retrieval systems have been advocating the inclusion of more contextual information to improve results. The proliferation of full-text databases and advances in computer storage capacity have made it possible to carry out text analysis by means of linguistic and extra-linguistic knowledge. Since the mid 80s, research has tended to pay more attention to context, giving discourse analysis a more central role. The research presented in this paper aims to check whether discourse variables have an impact on modern information retrieval and classification algorithms. In order to evaluate this hypothesis, a functional framework for information analysis in an automated environment has been proposed, where the n-grams (filtering) and the k-means and Chen’s classification algorithms have been tested against sub-collections of documents based on the following discourse variables: “Genre”, “Register”, “Domain terminology”, and “Document structure”. The results obtained with the algorithms for the different sub-collections were compared to the MeSH information structure. These demonstrate that n-grams does not appear to have a clear dependence on discourse variables, though the k-means classification algorithm does, but only on domain terminology and document structure, and finally Chen’s algorithm has a clear dependence on all of the discourse variables. This information could be used to design better classification algorithms, where discourse variables should be taken into account. Other minor conclusions drawn from these results are also presented. 相似文献