Noticing and weighing alternatives in the reflection of regular classroom teaching: Evidence of expertise using mobile eye-tracking     

Keller  Lena  Cortina  Kai S.  Müller  Katharina  Miller  Kevin F. 《Instructional Science》2022,50(2):251-272

Instructional videos are widely used to study teachers’ professional vision. A new technological development in video research is mobile eye-tracking (MET). It has the potential to provide fine-grained insights into teachers’ professional vision in action, but has yet been scarcely employed. We addressed this research gap by using MET video feedback to examine how expert and novice teachers differed in their noticing and weighing of alternative teaching strategies. Expert and novice teachers’ lessons were recorded with MET devices. Then, they commented on what they observe while watching their own teaching videos. Using a mixed methods approach, we found that expert and novice teachers did not differ in the number of classroom events they noticed and alternative teaching strategies they mentioned. However, novice teachers were more critical of their own teaching than expert teachers, particularly when they considered alternative teaching strategies. Practical implications for the field of teacher education are discussed.

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Learning to solve ill-defined statistics problems: does self-explanation quality mediate the worked example effect?     

Bichler  Sarah  Stadler  Matthias  Bühner  Markus  Greiff  Samuel  Fischer  Frank 《Instructional Science》2022,50(3):335-359

Instructional Science - Extensive research has established that successful learning from an example is conditional on an important learning activity: self-explanation. Moreover, a model for...  相似文献   

Effect of Self-Efficacy on Vicarious Trauma and Resiliency in School Counsellors in Turkey     

Tun&#; Aksan  Ayg&#;l  G&#;nd&#;z  B&#;lent  Yildiz  Mehmet Cemal 《International journal for the advancement of counseling》2022,44(1):145-163

International Journal for the Advancement of Counselling - The aim of the study is to examine the mediating role of self-efficacy in the relationship between vicarious trauma (VT) and psychological...  相似文献   

Do labels matter? Analysis of teachers' self-efficacy towards the autism spectrum disorder depending on the diagnostic label used (ASD or Asperger's)     

Irene Gómez-Marí  Gemma Pastor-Cerezuela  Irene Lacruz-Pérez  Raúl Tárraga-Mínguez 《Journal of Research in Special Educational Needs》2023,23(2):126-135

Changes in the classification of autism and Asperger's syndrome led to changes in social perception of ASD. Since last criteria, studies indicate higher levels of stigma towards ASD than towards Asperger's. These prejudices are barriers to inclusive education. Thus, it is relevant (1) to evaluate pre-service teachers' self-efficacy towards the label of ASD; (2) to evaluate pre-service teachers' self-efficacy towards the label of Asperger's and (3) to compare those results to analyse whether the use of different diagnostic labels brings about different levels of self-efficacy. One hundred and eighty-six primary education pre-service teachers participated in the current study. Two adaptations of the Autism Self-Efficacy Scale for Teachers (ASSET) were used: a version with the label of ‘ASD’ (n = 96) and another for ‘Asperger's’ (n = 90). The scores obtained by the group asked about ASD were high according to the ASSET score range, while the scores obtained by the group asked about Asperger's were medium. After comparing the results, participants asked about the label ASD showed higher levels of self-efficacy than participants asked about Asperger's. These results could be a consequence of the consolidation of the ASD diagnosis among society and the higher presence of children with ASD in schools and cultural products, among other factors.  相似文献   

Perceived parental monitoring and school motivation during adolescence: a bidirectional model     

Cimon-Paquet  Catherine  Gaudet  Olivier  Verner-Filion  Jérémie  Véronneau  Marie-Hélène 《European Journal of Psychology of Education - EJPE》2023,38(2):819-839

European Journal of Psychology of Education - School motivation is key to promoting optimal educational pathways. Some studies suggest that parental monitoring behaviors foster school motivation...  相似文献   

French teachers' intentions to use accommodated materials in learning and assessment     

Kamilla Khamzina  Caroline Desombre  Mickaël Jury 《European Journal of Education》2023,58(2):209-220

The implementation of inclusive practices in mainstream education remains particularly difficult in the French context and is influenced by various factors including the types of disability labels, and the type of assessment practices that are used. Indeed, how student disability is labelled could impact teacher attitudes by notably disfavouring students labelled with autism. Moreover, normative assessment is strongly linked with selection at schools—a function that works against teacher attitudes towards inclusive education. This article reports on a study in which we examined teacher intentions to use materials accommodated to special educational needs students, as a function of special needs labelling. Specifically, this refers to the use of labels for either a disability or special educational need, in connection to tasks associated with learning or assessment. The results of our study revealed that, for both types of labels, the intentions to use accommodated materials are lower when teachers are asked to assess student competence than when prompted to teach this competence. These findings are discussed with consideration to the incompatibility between selection in schools—which is aligned with the principle of meritocracy—and efforts to promote inclusive education practices.  相似文献   

Learning statistics with interactive pictures using R Shiny: Generally preferred,but not generally advantageous     

Fang Zhao  Lena Schützler  Oliver Christ  Robert Gaschler 《Teaching Statistics》2023,45(2):106-124

Constructing interactive web apps has become more accessible for instructors, for example, by using the R package Shiny. Here we explored learners' preferences and the efficiency of interactive simulations versus static pictures in acquiring statistics knowledge of Cohen's d and standard normal distribution. Results revealed that students' spontaneous interaction with pictures was infrequent (pilot study, N = 26). While prompts (Exp. 1, N = 152) effectively ensured the manipulation of simulations, student exposure to interactive simulations led to longer learning times though similar test performance compared with student exposure to static pictures. Multiple interactive representations led to lower test performance than single interactive and static representations (Exp. 2, N = 117). Though no advantage was gained regarding learning outcomes, participants preferred the interactive variant (Exp. 3, N = 119). Taken together, this study demonstrates that the superiority of interactive pictures cannot be assumed to hold in general. Further work should evaluate how mental model construction can be effectively scaffolded by interactive simulations.  相似文献   

Robust stabilization of nonlinear time delay systems: A complete type functionals approach     

Omar Santos  Raúl Villafuerte  Sabine Mondié 《Journal of The Franklin Institute》2014

The robust stabilization of some classes of nonlinear delay systems with nominal linear delay system is addressed. The form of the controller is not an a priori proposal, but it is the result of a synthesis relying on the use of complete type Lyapunov–Krasovskii functionals, leading to distributed delay linear or nonlinear robust control laws. Simulation results of the stabilization of a chemical refining process demonstrate the good performance of the proposed approaches.  相似文献   

Small Circles: Mobile Telephony and the Cultivation of the Private Sphere     

Rich Ling  Johannes Bjelland  Pål Roe Sundsøy  Scott W. Campbell 《The Information Society》2014,30(4):282-291

This article examines how we use mobile telephony to maintain our physically and socially closest social circle. The analysis is based on traffic data gathered from Norway using approximately 24 million calls and texts made by private individuals. Previous research has shown that our temporal and spatial movement is highly predictable and that the majority of calls and text messages are sent to only four to six different persons. This article extends this research by examining both tie strength and the distance between the interlocutors in urban and rural settings. The findings show that even as information and communication technologies (ICTs) potentially put the world at our fingertips, the mobile phone is an instrument of a more limited geographical and social sphere. Approximately two-thirds of our calls/texts go to strong ties that are within a 25-km radius.  相似文献   

Inducing chemotactic and haptotactic cues in microfluidic devices for three-dimensional in vitro assays     

O. Moreno-Arotzena  G. Mendoza  M. Cóndor  T. Rüberg  J. M. García-Aznar 《Biomicrofluidics》2014,8(6)

Microfluidic devices allow for the production of physiologically relevant cellular microenvironments by including biomimetic hydrogels and generating controlled chemical gradients. During transport, the biomolecules interact in distinct ways with the fibrillar networks: as purely diffusive factors in the soluble fluid or bound to the matrix proteins. These two main mechanisms may regulate distinct cell responses in order to guide their directional migration: caused by the substrate-bound chemoattractant gradient (haptotaxis) or by the gradient established within the soluble fluid (chemotaxis). In this work 3D diffusion experiments, in combination with ELISA assays, are performed using microfluidic platforms in order to quantify the distribution of PDGF-BB and TGF-β₁ across collagen and fibrin gels. Furthermore, to gain a deeper understanding of the fundamental processes, the experiments are reproduced by computer simulations based on a reaction-diffusion transport model. This model yields an accurate prediction of the experimental results, confirming that diffusion and binding phenomena are established within the microdevice.  相似文献