The influence of instruction modality on brain activation in teenagers with nonverbal learning disabilities: two case histories     

Tuller B  Jantzen KJ  Olvera D  Steinberg F  Kelso JA 《Journal of learning disabilities》2007,40(4):348-359

Teenagers with nonverbal learning disabilities (NLD) have difficulty with fine-motor coordination, which may relate to the novelty of the task or the lack of "self-talk" to mediate action. In this study, we required two teenagers with NLD and two control group teenagers to touch the thumb of each hand firmly and accurately to the fingertips of the same hand, in an order specified by verbal or tactile instruction. Brain activity patterns (measured using functional magnetic resonance imaging) suggest that unlike control participants, the NLD participants used internalized speech to facilitate the novel task only when instructions were verbal. NLD participants also showed activity in a more widely distributed network of neural structures. These findings provide preliminary evidence for remediation strategies that encourage internal speech.  相似文献   

Data seen through different lenses     

Clifford Konold  Traci Higgins  Susan Jo Russell  Khalimahtul Khalil 《Educational Studies in Mathematics》2015,88(3):305-325

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Children learning to use technologies through play: A Digital Play Framework          下载免费PDF全文

Jo Bird  Susan Edwards 《British journal of educational technology : journal of the Council for Educational Technology》2015,46(6):1149-1160

Digital technologies are increasingly acknowledged as an important aspect of early childhood education. A significant problem for early childhood education has been how to understand the pedagogical use of technologies in a sector that values play‐based learning. This paper presents a new framework to understand how children learn to use technologies through play. The Digital Play Framework is based on the sociocultural concept of tool mediation and Corrine Hutt's work regarding epistemic and ludic activity as basis for understanding play. The Digital Play Framework presents a series of indicators for how children learn to use technologies as cultural tools, first by exploring the functionality of technologies through epistemic activity, and second by generating new content through ludic activity.  相似文献   

Four‐ to Six‐Year‐Old Children's Sensitivity to Reliability Versus Consensus in the Endorsement of Object Labels          下载免费PDF全文

Stéphane Bernard  Joëlle Proust  Fabrice Clément 《Child development》2015,86(4):1112-1124

Recent studies have demonstrated that young children use past reliability and consensus to endorse object labels. Until now, no study has investigated how children weigh these two cues when they are in conflict. The two experiments reported here were designed to explore whether any initial preference for information provided by a consensual group would be influenced by the group's subsequent unreliability. The results show that 4‐ and 5‐year‐old children were more likely to endorse labels provided by an unreliable but consensual group than the labels provided by a reliable dissenter. Six‐year‐olds displayed the reverse pattern. The article concludes by discussing the methodological implications of the two experiments and the developmental trajectory regarding the way children weigh consensuality versus reliability.  相似文献   

The Effect of Reminiscence Therapy on Depression,Quality of Life,Ego-Integrity,Social Behavior Function,and Activies of Daily Living in Elderly Patients With Mild Dementia     

HaeKyung Jo 《Educational gerontology》2015,41(1):1-13

This study investigated the effects of reminiscence therapy work on depression, quality of life, ego-integrity, social behavior function, and activities of daily living. This study was a quasiexperimental study using a single-group pretest/posttest design. This therapy consists of eight sessions of 2.5 hours with a specific theme. A total of 19 patients with mild dementia who registered at a mental health center in community-dwelling participated in this study. Hypotheses were supported by quality of life, ego-integrity, and social behavior function. But depression and activities of daily living were not supported. Although all the hypotheses were not supported, a reminiscence therapy was beneficial. Patients with mild dementia can talk to each other naturally without feeling a psychological burden, and they are provided the opportunity to look back on their life.  相似文献   

Magnitude of multiplanar breast kinematics differs depending upon run distance     

Alexandra Milligan  Chris Mills  Jo Corbett  Joanna Scurr 《Journal of sports sciences》2015,33(19):2025-2034

Recommendations for breast support, dynamic breast pain assessment, and implications for sports performance have been made within breast biomechanics research; however, these studies have been based upon short exercise protocols (2–5 min). The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of breast support on multiplanar breast kinematics over a 5-kilometre run. Ten female participants (34D or 32DD) conducted two 5-kilometre runs, in a low and high breast support. Relative multiplanar breast kinematics were averaged over five gait cycles at six intervals of a 5-kilometre run. Increases in multiplanar breast kinematics were reported from the start to the end of the run, with the greatest rate of increase in breast kinematics reported within the first two kilometres of running. The greatest relative increases in breast range of motion (34%), velocity (33%), and acceleration (41%) were reported in the superioinferior direction at the fifth kilometre (33 min of running) in the high breast support. Key findings suggest that the run distance, and therefore run duration, employed for both fundamental research and product validation protocols should be carefully considered and it is suggested that running protocols for assessing breast biomechanics should exceed 7 min.  相似文献   

Aerobic exercise did not have compensatory effects on physical activity levels in type 2 diabetes patients     

Bruno Pereira de Moura  João Carlos Bouzas Marins  Sylvia Do Carmo Castro Franceschini  Janice Sepúlveda Reis  Paulo Roberto Dos Santos Amorim 《Journal of sports sciences》2015,33(6):545-551

Although exercise promotes beneficial effects in diabetic patients, some studies have questioned the degree of their importance in terms of the increase in total energy expenditure. In these studies, the decrease of physical activity levels (PAL) was referred as “compensatory effect of exercise”. However, our aim was to investigate whether aerobic exercise has compensatory effects on PAL in type 2 diabetes patients. Eight volunteers (51.1 ± 8.2 years) were enrolled in a supervised exercise programme for 8 weeks (3 d · wk^?1, 50–60% of VO₂ peak for 30–60 min). PAL was measured using tri-axial accelerometers in the 1st, 8th and 12th weeks. Biochemical tests, cardiorespiratory fitness, anthropometric assessment and body composition were measured in the 2nd and 11th weeks. Statistical analysis was performed using non-parametric tests (Friedman and Wilcoxon, P < 0.05). We found no significant differences in PAL between intervention periods, and participants spent the majority of their awake time in sedentary activities. However, the exercise programme generated a significant 14.8% increase in VO₂ peak and a 15% reduction in fructosamine. The exercise programme had no compensatory effects on PAL in type 2 diabetes patients, but improved their cardiorespiratory fitness and glycaemic control.  相似文献   

The track of policies for educational equality and its implications in Korea     

Seog Hun Jo 《Journal of Educational Change》2013,14(1):73-94

Most countries have taken equality of education as a paramount issue, but policy initiatives have not taken the same patterns across the nations. This paper addressed the features of equality policies and their changes in South Korea through an array of target groups and types of policy measures. According to a contingency approach, Korea relied critically on non-financial instruments characteristic of regulations, when the government was not financially well prepared for equalizing opportunities. It also gave a serious consideration to out-of-school factors besides school characteristics, because the equality policy confined to schools is destined to have only so little meaning. Regulations on the advantaged group were introduced along with preferential treatment for the disadvantaged in pursuit of equality. Now Korea is in transition from outside-in movements to inside-out improvements in the process of ensuring equality, and it means that the alternatives of equality policies have become dramatically narrowed. Recently, the Korean model is facing challenges from courts and constituents who advocate for constitutional rights to free choices of education.  相似文献   

To be or not to be (a gendered subject): was that the question?     

Jo‐Anne Dillabough 《Gender and education》2009,21(4):455-466

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Macro and micro influences on assessment practice     

Jo‐Anne Baird 《Assessment in Education: Principles, Policy & Practice》2009,16(2):127-129

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