Lead: Tiny but Mighty Poison     

Chaffy Sachdeva  Kshema Thakur  Aditi Sharma  Krishan Kumar Sharma 《Indian journal of clinical biochemistry : IJCB》2018,33(2):132-146

The documentation of lead toxicity (plumbism) dates back to the times when man learnt its various applications. This versatile heavy metal is non-degradable and its ability to get accumulated in the body that goes undiagnosed, makes it a serious environmental health hazard. Lead is now known to affect almost every organ/tissue of the human body. With irreversible effects on neurobiological development of young children and foetus, its toxicity has lasting implications on the human life. Outlining the symptoms, diagnosis and treatment therapy for lead poisoning, the present review elaborates the pathophysiological effects of lead on various organs. This will be of immense help to the health professionals so as to inculcate a better understanding of the lead poisoning which otherwise is asymptomatic. With chelation therapy being the classic path of treatment, new strategies are being explored as additive/adjunct therapy. It is now understood that lead toxicity is completely preventable. In this regard significant efforts are in place in the developed countries whereas much needs to be done in the developing countries. Spreading the awareness amongst the masses by educating them and reducing the usage of lead following stricter industry norms appears to be the only roadmap to prevent lead poisoning. Efforts being undertaken by the Government of India and other organisations are also mentioned.  相似文献   

Circadian Periodicity of Circulating Plasma Lipid Peroxides,Uric Acid and Ascorbic Acid in Renal Stone Formers     

Rajeev Singh Kushwaha  R. C. Gupta  J. P. Sharma  Sumita Sharma  Raj Kumar Singh  Germaine Cornelissen 《Indian journal of clinical biochemistry : IJCB》2017,32(2):220-224

Circadian periodicity of plasma lipid peroxides and serum ascorbic acid and uric acid levels were studied in one hundred renal stone formers (55 women and 45 men; age 20–60 years) and 50 clinically healthy volunteers (21 women and 29 men; age 21–45 years) with diurnal activity from 06:00 to 22:00 and nocturnal rest. A marked circadian variation was demonstrated by population-mean-cosinor for all studied variables in stone formers and healthy subjects. By comparison to the healthy controls, parameter tests indicate that the stone formers had a higher MESOR (±SE) of MDA (2.90 ± 0.03 vs. 2.28 ± 0.06; F = 94.929, p < 0.001), a lower MESOR of serum ascorbic acid (0.722 ± 0.010 vs. 0.839 ± 0.10; F = 32.083, p < 0.001), and a similar MESOR of serum uric acid. Furthermore, the patients also differed from the healthy subjects in terms of their circadian amplitude and acrophase (tested jointly) of all three variables (p < 0.001). The demonstration herein of a circadian rhythm in MDA, serum ascorbic and uric acid suggests that these variables could also serve as markers to optimize the timing of treatment and to assess the patient’s response to treatment for further management.  相似文献   

A Three-Dimensional Print Model of the Pterygopalatine Fossa Significantly Enhances the Learning Experience     

Jordan A. Tanner  Beeran Jethwa  Jeff Jackson  Maria Bartanuszova  Thomas S. King  Arunabh Bhattacharya  Ramaswamy Sharma 《Anatomical sciences education》2020,13(5):568-580

The pterygopalatine fossa (PPF) is a bilateral space deep within the skull that serves as a major neurovascular junction. However, its small volume and poor accessibility make it a difficult space to comprehend using two-dimensional illustrations and cadaveric dissections. A three-dimensional (3D) printed model of the PPF was developed as a visual and kinesthetic learning tool for completely visualizing the fossa, its boundaries, its communicating channels, and its neurovascular structures. The model was evaluated by analyzing student performance on pre- and post-quizzes and a student satisfaction survey based on the five-point Likert scale. The first cohort comprised of 88 students who had never before studied the PPF. The second cohort consisted of 30 students who were previously taught the PPF. Each cohort was randomly divided into a control group who were provided with a half skull and an intervention group that were provided with the 3D printed model. The intervention group performed significantly better on the post-quiz as compared to the control group in cohort I (P = 0.001); while not significant, it also improved learning in cohort II students (P = 0.124). Satisfaction surveys indicated that the intervention group found the 3D printed model to be significantly more useful (P < 0.05) as compared to the half skull used by the control group. Importantly, the effect sizes for cohorts I and II (0.504 and 0.581, respectively) validated the statistical results. Together, this study highlights the importance of 3D printed models as teaching tools in anatomy education.  相似文献   

Utility of serum LDH isoforms in the assessment of mycobacterium tuberculosis induced pathology in TB patients of Sahariya tribe     

P. R. Sharma  S. Jain  R. N. K. Bamezai  P. K. Tiwari 《Indian journal of clinical biochemistry : IJCB》2010,25(1):57-63

The present study was carried out in the Sahariya tribe of Central India, which reportedly have high prevalence of pulmonary tuberculosis. Total serum LDH and its tissue specific isoforms were estimated in TB patients and matched healthy controls to test the utility of LDH as diagnostic marker for tuberculosis. About 210 sputum positive cases and 328 age and sex matched sputum negative controls were recruited. The spectrophotometeric and densitometric analysis of each LDH isoform was carried out in both cases and controls. The mean values of serum LDH were estimated and compared for each class by t-test. The statistical comparisons were made between sputum negative controls and sputum positive cases by Mann-Whitney’s U test. The spectrophotometric estimation of serum LDH revealed significant (P=0.0016) increase in its level in cases (290 IU/L) as compared to controls (248 IU/L). The densitometric analysis of individual LDH isoforms in cases and controls demonstrated significant elevation in LDH1 (P>0.05), LDH2 (P>0.05) and LDH3 (P<0.005) in sputum positive cases in comparison to sputum negative controls. Our study revealed a positive correlation between serum LDH level and the presence of mycobacteria and their load, suggesting utility of LDH as an important diagnostic marker of tuberculosis induced stress, at least in tribal areas lacking access to modern clinical tests.  相似文献   

Antihyperglycemic,antihyperlipidemic and antioxidative potential of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Prosopis cineraria</Emphasis> bark     

Nidhi Sharma  Veena Garg  Arpita Paul 《Indian journal of clinical biochemistry : IJCB》2010,25(2):193-200

Alloxan administration in male Swiss albino mice, induced diabetes by increasing blood glucose concentration and reducing hepatic glycogen content as compared to normal control group. Besides, serum lipid profile parameters such as total-cholesterol, triglyceride, low-density lipoprotein and very low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol were also elevated, whereas, the level of high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol was reduced significantly (P<0.05) in diabetic mice. Treatment of diabetic animals with crude ethanolic extract of bark of Prosopis cineraria (P. cineraria) for 45 days, significantly lowered blood glucose level, elevated hepatic glycogen content and maintained body weight and lipid-profile parameters towards near normal range. Declined activity of antioxidant enzymes and concentration of non-enzymatic antioxidants were also normalized by drug treatment, thereby reducing the oxidative damage in the tissues of diabetic animals and hence indicating the anti-diabetic and antioxidant efficacy of the extract.  相似文献