A protocol for measuring the direct effect of cycling on neuromuscular control of running in triathletes     

Andrew R. Chapman  Bill Vicenzino  Paul W. Hodges  Peter Blanch  Allan G. Hahn  Theodore E. Milner 《Journal of sports sciences》2013,31(7):767-782

Abstract

The direct effects of cycling on movement and muscle recruitment patterns (neuromuscular control) during running are unknown but critical to success in triathlon. We outline and test a new protocol for investigating the direct influence of cycling on neuromuscular control during running. Leg movement (three-dimensional kinematics) and muscle recruitment (surface electromyography, EMG) were compared between a control run (no prior exercise) and a 30-min transition run that was preceded by 20 min of cycling. We conducted three experiments investigating: (a) the repeatability (between-day reliability) of the protocol; (b) the ability of the protocol to investigate, in highly trained national or international triathletes, the direct influence of cycling on neuromuscular control during running independent of neuromuscular fatigue; and (c) the ability of the protocol to provide a control, or baseline, measure of neuromuscular control (determined using a measure of stability) without causing fatigue. Kinematic and EMG measures of neuromuscular control during running showed moderate to high repeatability: mean coefficients of multiple correlation for repeatability of EMG and kinematics were 0.816 ± 0.014 and 0.911 ± 0.031, respectively. The protocol provided a robust baseline measure of neuromuscular control during running without causing neuromuscular fatigue (coefficients of multiple correlation for stability of EMG and kinematics were 0.827 ± 0.023 and 0.862 ± 0.054), while EMG and force data provided no evidence of fatigue. The protocol outlined here is repeatable and can be used to measure any direct influence of cycling on neuromuscular control during running.  相似文献   

Soccer in New South Wales, 1880–1980     

Bill Murray 《国际体育史杂志》2013,30(11-12):1507-1509

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“Wherever You Go,You Will Be a Polis”: Spatial Practices and Political Education in Computer-Supported Collaborative Learning Discussions     

Benzi Slakmon  Baruch B. Schwarz 《学习科学杂志》2017,26(2):184-225

The aim of this article is to increase understanding of the development of spatial practices in virtual learning environments. The spatial change and development in 38 small-group e-discussions taken from a data set of a yearlong 8th-grade humanities course are described and analyzed. We show that the focus on spatial changes in computer-supported collaborative learning (CSCL) environments enriches the scope of activities in virtual environments that are usually studied from the perspective of productivity and disciplinary knowledge building only. We argue that tracing spatial changes enables researchers to scrutinize the freedom to act and exercise power over others, something crucial for the development of political agency. We show that these developments are decisive for students to become competent citizens. Implications the study has for CSCL design and for political education are discussed.  相似文献   

Leading Change for Student Achievement     

Bill Mulford 《Journal of Educational Change》2006,7(1-2):47-58

This article argues that in order to meet the heightened expectations now placed on schools in a knowledge society, avoid cultural resistance to positive change by those in schools and achieve improved student outcomes (attitudinal, behavioural and academic), we need to not only engage multiple forms of leadership but also have a more complex understanding of relationships between these leaderships and a range of other school and contextual variables. Evidence employed from recent research funded by the Australian Research Council supported by a range of reviews of mainly North American literature on the effects of leadership on student outcomes helps with an identification of these variables and their relationships. Three major, sequential and aligned elements are identified for successful school reform with the leadership emphasis changing with each element. The first element relates to how people are communicated with and treated. Success is more likely where people act rather than are always reacting, are empowered, involved in decision-making through a transparent, facilitative and supportive structure, and are trusted, respected, encouraged, and valued. The second element concerns a professional community. A professional community involves shared norms and values including valuing differences and diversity, a focus on implementation and continuous enhancement of learning for all students, de-privatisation of practice, collaboration, and critical reflective dialogue, especially that based on performance data. The final element relates to the presence of a capacity for change, learning and innovation, or professional learning community. Each element and each transition between them is facilitated by an appropriate ongoing, optimistic, caring, nurturing professional development program.  相似文献   

The ongoing education of engineering practitioners: how do they perceive the usefulness of academic research?     

Kym Fraser  Tzu-Liang Bill Tseng  Xin Deng 《European Journal of Engineering Education》2018,43(6):860-878

This study explores the usefulness of academic research to engineering practitioners. Issues such as knowledge transfer, the research-practice gap and the changing social/political environment are discussed. An empirical survey of practitioners is analysed to better understand the engineering professions use of academic material, such as research journals, with the medical profession acting as the benchmark. The study also examines the future role for academia from the perspective of practitioners, with areas such as engagement, relevance, dissemination and education highlighted. While the study found there was a reasonable level of utilisation of academic material, there are still some significant gaps. The study brings to the fore the issue of relevance in applied research fields and highlights the need to evaluate the usefulness of our research to practitioners and the betterment of society.  相似文献   

Epistemologies in practice: Making scientific practices meaningful for students     

Leema K. Berland  Christina V. Schwarz  Christina Krist  Lisa Kenyon  Abraham S. Lo  Brian J. Reiser 《科学教学研究杂志》2016,53(7):1082-1112

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Industrial Visits Work     

Bill Gibson 《Teaching Statistics》1999,21(1):4-7

Visiting industry to see how statistical methods are used in practice is well worth the time and effort which are involved.  相似文献   

Integrating Genomics Research throughout the Undergraduate Curriculum: A Collection of Inquiry-Based Genomics Lab Modules     

LM Banta  EJ Crespi  RH Nehm  JA Schwarz  S Singer  CA Manduca  EC Bush  E Collins  CM Constance  D Dean  D Esteban  S Fox  J McDaris  CA Paul  G Quinan  KM Raley-Susman  ML Smith  CS Wallace  GS Withers  L Caporale 《CBE life sciences education》2012,11(3):203-208

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The role of action research in the development of learning networks for entrepreneurs     

Valerie Brett  Martina Mullally  Bill O'Gorman  Nerys Fuller-Love 《Action Learning: Research and Practice》2012,9(2):125-143

Developing sustainable learning networks for entrepreneurs is the core objective of the Sustainable Learning Networks in Ireland and Wales (SLNIW) project. One research team drawn from the Centre for Enterprise Development and Regional Economy at Waterford Institute of Technology and the School of Management and Business from Aberystwyth University has contributed to the understanding of how to create sustainable business learning networks for entrepreneurs. The research findings are attributed to action research by the conduction of two separate cycles in the forum of research projects. The first cycle, called Female Entrepreneurs in Ireland and Wales, produced findings that were reflected on and investigated further by the research team through the establishment of the second cycle named SLNIW. This paper discusses the two action research cycles through the action sets of planning, action, observing and reflecting and the contribution of the development of understanding and practice of networking for entrepreneurs through the production of guidelines for establishing sustainable learning networks.  相似文献   

Towards safe and comfortable high-speed transportation infrastructure     

Ren-peng Chen  Xiong Bill Yu 《浙江大学学报(A卷英文版)》2012,13(11):799-801

In the past decades, we have witnessed the rapid development of high-speed transportation infra-structure, such as high-speed railways, urban subways, expressways, and airfields worldwide. As a major effort in transportation infrastructure development, China plans to  相似文献