Equality and Education: Fact and Fiction     

Diane Shorrocks-Taylor  Janice Curry  Bronwen Swinnerton  Nick Nelson 《牛津教育评论》2013,39(1):51-66

This paper reports on a series of statistical analyses carried out on some of the National Curriculum tests in mathematics for 11-year-olds in England. In England all 7-, 11- and 14-year-olds are tested in English, mathematics and science (11- and 14-year-olds only). The tests for 11-year-olds are very high stakes, in that the results are published in a school-by-school basis in newspapers etc. The analyses were prompted by the suggestion (from governmental organisations) that the balance of the curriculum content in the mathematics tests should be changed to accommodate better the require ments of the government-initiated National Numeracy Strategy. The analyses were carried out on two datasets, involving nationally representative samples of 11-year-old pupils. The analyses reveal some interesting patterns of change in the overall outcomes when Handling Data questions were statistically replaced by Number items of various kinds and also some interesting changes at the individual level, which could potentially affect the Level outcomes of a significant number of children nationally. However, the final conclusion reached is that, given an appropriately sized and structured pool of items across the curriculum content areas, tests can be constructed which are of an appropriate level of difficulty and discrimination power and which still allow year-on-year calibration of the national standards in mathematics.  相似文献   

Effects of a community initiative on the quality of child care     

Donna M. Bryant  Kelly L. Maxwell  Margaret Burchinal 《Early childhood research quarterly》1999,14(4):449

This study examined the effects of a broad-based community initiative (Smart Start) to improve the quality of child care for preschoolers. Data were collected in 1994 and 1996 from over 180 child care centers in 12 counties implementing the community initiative. The quality of child care, as measured by the Early Childhood Environment Rating Scale (ECERS; Harms & Clifford, 1980), was significantly higher in 1996 than 1994, both across the entire sample and across the subset of 91 centers observed in both years. The quality of child care in 1996 was significantly related to the number of local quality improvement activities in which the child care centers participated. This and additional evidence presented in the paper show that a comprehensive community initiative can improve child care quality if significant funds and activities are focused on the issue.  相似文献   

Navigating the ‘inter’ in intercultural education     

Peta Salter  Jacinta Maxwell 《Discourse: Studies in the Cultural Politics of Education》2018,39(1):15-30

The structure of the Australian national curriculum encompasses engagement with ‘intercultural education’. Significantly, the context from which the curriculum was developed was heavily influenced by a multiculturalist ideology in which notions of cohesion and harmony were dominant. Therefore, those working with the curriculum need to understand the limited ways in which ideas of ‘diverse’ culture might be constructed. As a cultural text this curriculum is a place of encounter between teachers and the various influences on the curriculum document itself. We assert that the perpetuation of ideographs in the context and text of the curriculum, underpin how ‘intercultural understanding’ is positioned in the Australian Curriculum, and limit the narrative possibility of this encounter. It is essential to identify and interrogate such ideographs if we are to be cognisant of the complex politics of national curriculums and opportunities to ‘re-open’ the place for encounter.  相似文献   

Altitude training in endurance running: perceptions of elite athletes and support staff     

Gareth Turner  Barry W Fudge  Jamie S M Pringle  Neil S Maxwell  Alan J Richardson 《Journal of sports sciences》2019,37(2):163-172

This study sought to establish perceptions of elite endurance athletes on the role and worth of altitude training. Elite British endurance runners were surveyed to identify the altitude and hypoxic training methods utilised, along with reasons for use, and any situational, cultural and behaviour factors influencing these. Prior to the 2012 Olympics Games, 39 athletes and 20 support staff (coaches/practitioners) completed an internet-based survey to establish differences between current practices and the accepted “best-practice”. Almost all of the athletes (98%) and support staff (95%) surveyed had utilised altitude and hypoxic training, or had advised it to athletes. 75% of athletes believed altitude and hypoxia to be a “very important” factor in their training regime, with 50% of support staff believing the same. Athletes and support staff were in agreement of the methods of altitude training utilised (i.e. 'hypoxic dose’ and strategy), with camps lasting 3–4 weeks at 1,500–2,500 m being the most popular. Athletes and support staff are utilising altitude and hypoxic training methods in a manner agreeing with research-based suggestions. The survey identified a number of specific challenges and priorities, which could provide scope to optimise future altitude training methods for endurance performance in these elite groups.  相似文献   

Indigenous Australian women and sport: findings and recommendations from a parliamentary inquiry     

Hazel Maxwell  Megan Stronach  Daryl Adair  Sonya Pearce 《Sport in Society》2017,20(11):1500-1529

Researchers have consistently pointed to positive links between sport, physical activity, health and wellbeing amongst marginalized population groups. This paper concentrates on a group about which little is presently known in terms of these links – Indigenous women in Australia. The catalyst for this focus is twofold: demographic data that, while sparse, suggests that this group has very low levels of participation in sport and associated physical activity; and second, a recent parliamentary inquiry into Indigenous sport in which the participation of women featured in several submissions. Both data sets confirm that Indigenous women are significantly underrepresented in the Australian sporting landscape. There is no systematic knowledge about why this is so. The present study contributes to that small body of literature by considering (a) evidence about participation rates of Indigenous women in sport; and (b) the aspirations of sport organizations to attract Indigenous women into their programs.  相似文献   

Why rural schools matter     

Gerri M. Maxwell 《International journal of qualitative studies in education》2016,29(7):980-984

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Constitutional Values and the Literature of the Early Republic     

Maxwell Bloomfield 《Journal of American culture (Malden, Mass. : 2003)》1988,11(4):53-58

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Teaching reading as a problem-solving activity     

M Maxwell 《American annals of the deaf》1974,119(6):721-723

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Implicit aspects of paper and pencil mathematics assessment that come to light through the use of the computer     

John Threlfall  Peter Pool  Matthew Homer  Bronwen Swinnerton 《Educational Studies in Mathematics》2007,66(3):335-348

This article explores the effect on assessment of ‘translating’ paper and pencil test items into their computer equivalents. Computer versions of a set of mathematics questions derived from the paper-based end of key stage 2 and 3 assessments in England were administered to age appropriate pupil samples, and the outcomes compared. Although in most cases the change to the different medium seems to make little difference, for some items the affordances of the computer profoundly affect how the question is attempted, and therefore what is being assessed when the item is used in a test. These differences are considered in terms of validity and legitimacy, that is whether the means used to answer a question in a particular medium are appropriate to the assessment intention. The conclusion is not only that translating paper and pencil items into the computer format sometimes undermines their validity as assessments, it is also that some paper and pencil items are less valid as assessments than their computer equivalents would be.  相似文献   

When Teachers’ Off-Duty Creative Pursuits Conflict with Role Model Expectations: A Critical Analysis of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Shewan</Emphasis>     

Bruce Maxwell 《Interchange》2018,49(2):161-178

When teachers pursue an artistic career parallel to teaching, a potential for conflict arises between the subjects they explore creatively and public expectations regarding the teacher’s role as a model of morality. This paper offers a critical analysis of these expectations as articulated in the landmark legal case Shewan. The paper argues for a better balance between teachers’ right to free expression and the need to uphold public trust in teachers and teaching and urges art teachers’ associations to play an active role defining the special standard that teachers can be reasonably held to in their private off-duty artistic pursuits.  相似文献