Racial identity,maternal support,and psychological distress among African American adolescents     

Caldwell CH  Zimmerman MA  Bernat DH  Sellers RM  Notaro PC 《Child development》2002,73(4):1322-1336

This study investigated the role of racial identity and maternal support in reducing psychological distress among African American adolescents. Both direct and indirect influences of multiple dimensions of racial identity (i.e., centrality, private regard) and maternal support on perceived stress, depressive symptoms, and anxiety were examined among 521 African American twelfth graders. Findings indicated that maternal support was positively related to both centrality and private regard. Results provided little support for a direct association between racial identity or maternal support and depressive symptoms and anxiety within a multivariate context. Rather, the influences of racial identity attitudes and maternal support on these mental health outcomes were mediated by perceived stress. Further, the two racial identity attitudes were associated with perceived stress in different ways. Study findings suggest that the significance and meaning that African American adolescents attribute to being Black may be critical to their psychological well-being, and that maternal support and perceived stress are important considerations.  相似文献   

Experiences in day care and social competence among maltreated children     

R H Bradley  B M Caldwell  J A Fitzgerald  A G Morgan  S L Rock 《Child abuse & neglect》1986,10(2):181-189

The experience of 39 preschool-age maltreated children from 13 child care facilities was examined to determine the extent to which the children's social development was related to the quality of day-care service. Maltreated children assigned by the Arkansas Department of Social Services to three different types of child care facilities were observed: specialized day-care programs, regular day-care centers and family day homes. The children scored below average in intelligence and were rated by their parents as displaying higher than normal rates of disturbed behavior. While no comparison group of non-maltreated children was included in the study, observations of the maltreated children in the child care setting revealed substantially more positive than negative social behavior. The children were reasonably effective in interacting with adult caregivers in day care. The maltreated children were also productive in most encounters with peers. Ratings of the quality of care received in day care were significantly correlated with the children's social competence in child care. Aspects of social behavior in maltreated children were related to the organization of the program, the physical facilities, traits of the caregiver, and caregiver expectations for the children.  相似文献   

SEX BIAS IN COLLEGE GRADING?     

Edward  Caldwell Rodney  Hartnett 《Journal of Educational Measurement》1967,4(3):129-132

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Prevalence of sleep disorders and sleep problems in an elite super rugby union team     

Ian C. Dunican  Jennifer Walsh  Charles C. Higgins  Maddison J. Jones  Kathleen Maddison  John A. Caldwell 《Journal of sports sciences》2019,37(8):950-957

The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of sleep disorders in an elite rugby union team using in-laboratory polysomnography (PSG) and sleep questionnaires. Twenty-five elite rugby union players underwent a night of PSG during the “off-season” of the Super Rugby competition to assess their sleep. Of interest were measurements that detected the presence of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA; apnea-hypopnea index ≥5 events/hr) and the presence of moderate-severe periodic leg movements during sleep (PLMs; ≥15 events/hr). Players completed sleep-related questionnaires to assess daytime sleepiness, perception of insomnia, risk of OSA, and the presence of restless legs syndrome (RLS) and underwent basic anthropometric assessments including body mass index and neck circumference. OSA was present in 24% (n=6) of players and PLMs ≥15 events/hr in 12% (n=3). Questionnaire responses showed that all players had insomnia defined subthreshold insomnia and excessive daytime sleepiness, two players were identified as being at risk for OSA and none were classified as having RLS. In conclusion, sleep disorders and excessive sleepiness are common in elite rugby union players. A process to identify and manage sleep disorders should be considered by teams to optimise their physical recovery, athletic performance and to safeguard their health.  相似文献   

Human cumulative culture in the laboratory: Effects of (micro) population size     

Christine A. Caldwell  Ailsa E. Millen 《Learning & behavior》2010,38(3):310-318

Traditionally, experiments on social learning (in both humans and nonhumans) involve dyads, with an experimenter or experimenter-trained conspecific serving as the demonstrator and the participant as the observer. But social learning in nature often involves multiple potential models, and the models themselves were once learners. We discuss our studies of social learning by adult humans in interactive group settings in the absence of formal demonstrations by experimenters, which tracked transmission over multiple learner generations. In these experiments, we found evidence for cumulative learning over generations. This has allowed us to manipulate learning conditions in order to test hypotheses regarding the necessary conditions for cumulative culture. We also report results from a further experiment using similar methods, which compared conditions of varying cohort size. Participants were given the task to build a paper airplane to fly as far as possible. Contrary to expectations, there was no advantage for larger cohort sizes, in terms of the cumulative effects observed.  相似文献   

Pathways to Prevention: Improving Nonresident African American Fathers' Parenting Skills and Behaviors to Reduce Sons' Aggression     

Cleopatra Howard Caldwell  Cathy L. Antonakos  Shervin Assari  Daniel Kruger  E. Hill De Loney  Rashid Njai 《Child development》2014,85(1):308-325

This study describes a test of the Fathers and Sons Program for increasing intentions to avoid violence and reducing aggressive behaviors in 8‐ to 12‐year‐old African American boys by enhancing the parenting skills satisfaction and parenting behaviors of their nonresident fathers. The study included 158 intervention and 129 comparison group families. Structural equation model results indicated that the intervention was effective for improving fathers' parenting skills satisfaction, which was positively associated with sons' satisfaction with paternal engagement. Sons' paternal engagement satisfaction was positively associated with their intentions to avoid violence. Although aggressive behaviors were lower for comparison group sons, the intervention effectively reduced sons' aggressive behaviors indirectly by enhancing fathers' parenting behaviors. Support for family‐centered youth violence prevention efforts is discussed.  相似文献   

Clickers in the large classroom: current research and best-practice tips   总被引：8，自引：1，他引：7  

Caldwell JE 《CBE life sciences education》2007,6(1):9-20

A web-based community-building archives project: a case study of Kids in Birmingham 1963     

Sonia Yaco  Ann Jimerson  Laura Caldwell Anderson  Chanda Temple 《Archival Science》2015,15(4):399-427

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A factor analytic study of the mother-infant dyad     

G G Stern  B M Caldwell  L Hersher  E L Lipton  J B Richmond 《Child development》1969,40(1):163-181

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Strategic intentions for professionals in world-class schools     

Brian J. Caldwell 《Prospects》2000,30(2):189-200

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