Short-term heat acclimation prior to a multi-day desert ultra-marathon improves physiological and psychological responses without compromising immune status     

Ashley G. B. Willmott  Mark Hayes  Kirsty A. M. Waldock  Rebecca L. Relf  Emily R. Watkins  Carl A. James 《Journal of sports sciences》2017,35(22):2249-2256

Multistage, ultra-endurance events in hot, humid conditions necessitate thermal adaptation, often achieved through short term heat acclimation (STHA), to improve performance by reducing thermoregulatory strain and perceptions of heat stress. This study investigated the physiological, perceptual and immunological responses to STHA prior to the Marathon des Sables. Eight athletes (age 42 ± 4 years and body mass 81.9 ± 15.0 kg) completed 4 days of controlled hyperthermia STHA (60 min·day^?1, 45°C and 30% relative humidity). Pre, during and post sessions, physiological and perceptual measures were recorded. Immunological measures were recorded pre-post sessions 1 and 4. STHA improved thermal comfort (P = 0.02), sensation (P = 0.03) and perceived exertion (P = 0.04). A dissociated relationship between perceptual fatigue and T_re was evident after STHA, with reductions in perceived Physical (P = 0.04) and General (P = 0.04) fatigue. Exercising T_re and HR did not change (P > 0.05) however, sweat rate increased 14% (P = 0.02). No changes were found in white blood cell counts or content (P > 0.05). Four days of STHA facilitates effective perceptual adaptations, without compromising immune status prior to an ultra-endurance race in heat stress. A greater physiological strain is required to confer optimal physiological adaptations.  相似文献   

Foreword     

Carl J. Lange 《ASHE Higher Education Report》1972,1(9):v-v

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Effects of modified-implement training on fast bowling in cricket     

Petersen CJ  Wilson BD  Hopkins WG 《Journal of sports sciences》2004,22(11-12):1035-1039

The effects of training with overweight and underweight cricket balls on fast-bowling speed and accuracy were investigated in senior club cricket bowlers randomly assigned to either a traditional (n = 9) or modified-implement training (n = 7) group. Both groups performed bowling training three times a week for 10 weeks. The traditional training group bowled only regulation cricket balls (156 g), whereas the modified-implement training group bowled a combination of overweight (161-181 g), underweight (151-131 g) and regulation cricket balls. A radar gun measured the speed of 18 consecutive deliveries for each bowler before, during and after the training period. Video recordings of the deliveries were also analysed to determine bowling accuracy in terms of first-bounce distance from the stumps. Bowling speed, which was initially 108 +/- 5 km h(-1) (mean +/- standard deviation), increased in the modified-implement training group by 4.0 km x h(-1) and in the traditional training group by 1.3 km x h(-1) (difference, 2.7 km x h(-1); 90% confidence limits, 1.2 to 4.2 km x h(-1)). For a minimum worthwhile change of 5 km x h(-1), the chances that the true effect on bowling speed was practically beneficial/trivial/harmful were 1.0/99/< 0.1%. For bowling accuracy, the chances were 1/48/51%. This modified-implement training programme is not a useful training strategy for club cricketers.  相似文献   

Children's Literature,Past and Present: Is There a Future?     

Carol Lynch-Brown  Carl M. Tomlinson 《Peabody Journal of Education》2013,88(3-4):228-252

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Child Development and Personality (3d Ed.) by Paul Henry Mussen,John Janeway Conger,and Jerome Kagan. New York: Harper & Row, 1969. xiv + 795 pp     

Carl Bereiter 《The Educational forum》2013,77(3):434-435

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Emission of electrons from cold metal surfaces     

Carl C. Chambers 《Journal of The Franklin Institute》1934,218(4):463-484

The results of Del Rosario on cold emission are shown to result from the fact that, through the attainment of specially good vacuum conditions and freedom from contamination, the cold electron current from the wire was suppressed up to field strengths greater than those at which measurable current was obtained in the work of previous observers. It was in fact suppressed beyond the point at which discharge started from points on the welding of the support. The results of Del Rosario are thus probably characteristic of conditions other than those pertaining to the wire, a conclusion which accounts for his current voltage curves. The formula of Fowler and Nordheim is found to apply in the measurable regions in form directly and in magnitude only if irregularities of the surface are such as to raise the field at the surface to a sufficiently high value. Breakdowns after intense heat treatment are studied and found to be caused by immeasurably small currents of electrons knocking ions from the anode. The erratic original curves obtained by previous investigators are found to be caused by successive breakdowns similar to those found after intense heating.  相似文献   

Automatic signals for electric railways     

Carl P. Nachod 《Journal of The Franklin Institute》1910,169(4):298-314

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Studies in nutrition. III: The nutritive value of commercial corn gluten meal     

Carl O. Johns  A.J. Finks  Mabel S. Paul 《Journal of The Franklin Institute》1920,189(6):792

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Color and Money: How Rich White Kids Are Winning the War over Affirmative Action, by Peter Schmidt. New York: Palgrave Macmillian, 2007, 272 pp., $24.95 hardbound.     

Carl Cohen 《Academic Questions》2008,21(1):107-113

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Principles governing production of oil wells     

Carl H. Beal  J.O. Lewis 《Journal of The Franklin Institute》1921,192(1):117-118

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