Das MINERVA-Projekt: Datenbankselektion für Peer-to-Peer-Websuche     

Matthias Bender  Sebastian Michel  Gerhard Weikum  Christian Zimmer 《Informatik - Forschung und Entwicklung》2005,12(5):152-166

In diesem Artikel wird MINERVA pr?sentiert, eine prototypische Implementierung einer verteilten Suchmaschine basierend auf einer Peer-to-Peer (P2P)-Architektur. MINERVA setzt auf die in der P2P-Welt verbreitete Technik verteilter Hash-Tabellen auf und benutzt diese zum Aufbau eines verteilten Verzeichnisses. Peers in unserem Ansatz entsprechen v?llig autonomen Benutzern mit ihren lokalen Suchm"oglichkeiten, die bereit sind, ihr lokales Wissen und ihre lokalen Suchm?glichkeiten im Rahmen einer Kollaboration zur Verfügung zu stellen. Wir formalisieren unsere Systemarchitektur und beschreiben das zentrale Problem einer effizienten Suche nach vielversprechenden Peers für eine konkrete Anfrage innerhalb des Verbundes. Wir greifen dabei auf existierende Methoden zurück and passen diese an unseren Systemkontext an. Wir pr?sentieren Experimente auf realen Daten, die verschiedene dieser Ans?tze vergleichen. Diese Experimente zeigen, dass die Qualit?t der Ans?tze variiert und untermauern damit die Wichtigkeit und den Einfluss einer leistungsstarken Methode zur Auswahl guter Datenbanken. Unsere Experimente deuten an, dass eine geringe Anzahl sorgf?ltig ausgew?hlter Datenbanken typischerweise bereits einen Gro?teil aller relevanten Ergebnisse des Gesamtsystems liefert.  相似文献   

Expert Judgment Versus Public Opinion – Evidence from the Eurovision Song Contest     

Marco?A.?HaanEmail author  S.?Gerhard?Dijkstra  Peter?T.?Dijkstra 《Journal of Cultural Economics》2005,29(1):59-78

For centuries, there have been discussions as to whether only experts can judge the quality of cultural output, or whether the taste of the public also has merit. This paper tries to answer that question empirically, using national finals of the Eurovision Song Contest. We show that experts are better judges of quality in the sense that the outcome of finals judged by experts is less sensitive to factors unrelated to quality than the outcome of finals judged by public opinion. Yet, experts are not perfect; their judgment does still depend on such factors. This is also the case in the European finals of the contest.  相似文献   

“Read through the test before you begin”: New support for traditional advice     

Carla J. Posnansky 《Contemporary educational psychology》1977,2(3):258-264

After studying lists of pseudowords and their definitions, high school students were instructed to read through pseudoword vocabulary tests before beginning them in order to note which of the studied items would, in fact, be tested. When compared to students not so instructed, these students' performances were significantly better. This simple finding was explained in terms of the selective search interpretation of memory enhancement found in a directed-forgetting paradigm. The results reported here provide an important potential explanation for the effectiveness of teachers' traditional advice to students regarding the importance of a preliminary reading of test questions.  相似文献   

Combining a human performance model and a Six Sigma model to assess performance in a military environment     

Wayne Aaberg  Carla J. Thompson 《Performance Improvement》2011,50(1):36-48

Military officials continually search for improvements in processes that focus on high‐performance outcomes. This qualitative study investigated process improvements of two departments within the Naval Diving and Salvage Training Center (the Security Department and the Testing Department) by assessing performance levels of the two departments using a combinatorial model from human performance theory and Six Sigma theory. Study findings produced strong empirical evidence with specific recommendations for initiating cost‐effective interventions for improvements. The Behavior Engineering Model was used to identify possible solutions to post‐training performance gaps identified during the evaluation.  相似文献   

Performance scores and standings during the 43rd Artistic Gymnastics World Championships, 2011     

M Massidda  CM Calò 《Journal of sports sciences》2012,30(13):1415-1420

Abstract Scores in artistic gymnastics are subject to changes in the rules that occur each Olympic cycle as outlined in the Code of Points, because rules influence the composition of routines and therefore performance. The aim of this study was to identify the most important routine apparatus for success in a World competition. The data were the official results for the 478 gymnasts (262 men, 216 women) who competed in the 43rd Artistic Gymnastic World Championships in 2011 in Tokyo, Japan. The factors least influenced by the technical standard of competitors were performance scores on uneven bars and balance beam for women, and those on pommel horse for men. For uneven bars, balance beam, and pommel horse, scores were consistently good predictors of final standing. Our results suggest that high scores on these apparatus have a greater influence on overall performance than scores on the other apparatus, regardless of the competitors' standard.  相似文献   

Making Sense of Academic Development     

Heiner Rindermann  Jürgen Kohler  Gerhard Meisenberg 《International Journal for Academic Development》2013,18(2):73-77

One aim of student evaluation of instruction is the improvement of teaching quality, but there is little evidence that student assessment of instruction alone improves teaching. This study tried to improve the effects of evaluation by combining evaluation with individual counselling in an institutional development approach. Evaluation was conducted in a private school for speech therapy (logopedia) in 35 classes (N = 16 teachers, N = 592 students). Evaluation was done twice within a period of three to twelve months using a standardized questionnaire (HILVE‐II) developed for evaluation of university courses. The intervention effect on teaching quality was more than half a standard deviation on the teacher scales. Despite the fact that the counsellor had no pedagogical training, the quality of teaching not only improved quantitatively and qualitatively but also became more homogeneous although the relative rank listing of teachers did not change.

Ein Ziel der studentischen Lehrevaluation ist die Verbesserung von Lehrqualität. Es gibt aber wenig empirische Evidenz dafür, dass studentische Lehrevaluation allein Lehre verbessern kann. Diese Studie versuchte, die Effekte von Veranstaltungskritik in einem Ansatz, der Lehrevaluation mit Beratung verbindet, zu erhöhen. Lehrveranstaltungsevaluation wurde in einem privaten Ausbildungsinstitut für Logopädie in 35 Kursen von 16 Dozenten mit 592 Studierenden durchgeführt. Veranstaltungskritik wurde zweimal praktiziert binnen eines Zeitabschnitts von drei bis zwölf Monaten anhand eines Fragebogens (HILVE‐II), der für die Evaluation von Hochschulveranstaltungen entwickelt wurde. Der Verbesserungseffekt auf Lehrqualität war in den dozentenbezogenen Skalen größer als eine halbe Standardabweichung. Obwohl der Berater keine pädagogische Ausbildung hatte, verbesserte sich die Lehrqualität nicht nur in den quantitativen und qualitativen Maßen, sondern wurde auch homogener. Die relative Rangreihung innerhalb der Dozenten blieb aber stabil.

Un des objectifs de l’évaluation, par les étudiants, de l’enseignement est l’amélioration de la qualité de ce dernier. Pourtant, les preuves que l’évaluation de l’enseignement par les étudiants améliore celui‐ci sont limitées. Cette étude a tenté d’améliorer les effets de l’évaluation en combinant l’évaluation avec du conseil individuel au sein d’une approche de développement institutionnel. L’évaluation a été effectuée dans 35 classes (N = 16 enseignants, N = 592 étudiants) d’une école privée d’orthophonie (logopédie). L’évaluation a été effectuée deux fois sur une période variant de trois à seize mois en employant un questionnaire standard (HILVE‐II) développé pour l’évaluation des cours universitaires. L’effet relatif à la qualité de l’enseignement associé à l’intervention représentait plus d’un demi écart‐type sur l’échelle des enseignants. En dépit du fait que le conseiller n’avait pas de formation pédagogique, la qualité de l’enseignement s’est améliorée à la fois au plan quantitatif et au plan qualitatif, en plus de devenir davantage homogène, bien que le positionnement relatif des enseignants n’ait pas changé.  相似文献   

Application of Bourdieuian theory to the inclusion of students with learning/physical challenges in multicultural school settings     

Carla DiGiorgio 《International Journal of Inclusive Education》2013,17(2):179-194

Sociologist Pierre Bourdieu has contributed much to the way the field of sociology understands the social rules and structures that guide human interaction and self‐understanding. Bourdieu’s work has also been applied to education, and disability issues. In this paper Bourdieu’s social theory is presented and applied to the notion of inclusion in a multicultural school. This Bourdieuian perspective is applied to the literature surrounding the development of a theory of inclusion in multicultural schools. Questions and implications suggest further research into the relationship between cultural and disability issues in inclusion.  相似文献   

Instruments for Determining Reaction of Students,Parents, and Teachers to the Program of a Regional Hebrew High School     

Gerhard Lang 《Journal of Jewish Education》2013,79(4):34-37

The rabbi-educator relationship is a major concern to the Jewish educator. The quality of the working relationship fluctuates from synagogue to synagogue. In some congregations it is excellent. However, in most synagogues the rabbi-educator working relationship is far from satisfactory. Many talented and creative educators have left congregational education in order to escape the tension and frustration associated with congregational school administration.  相似文献   

Dietary Fat Intake and Exercise Among Two- and Four-Year College Students: Differences in Behavior and Psychosocial Factors     

Carla J. Berg  Lawrence C. An  Jasjit S. Ahluwalia 《Community College Journal of Research & Practice》2013,37(5):388-396

Given the demographic differences among two-year colleges and four-year universities and the relatively limited access to health education and campus-based health resources, this study compares the frequency of limiting dietary fat intake and exercising among two- and four-year college students. A total of 2,265 undergraduate students aged 18–25 at a two-year college and a four-year university completed a 108-item online survey in October 2008. We found that two-year college students had less confidence, motivation, and intention to engage in healthy behaviors and reported fewer close friends who exercise regularly but more friends who eat high-fat foods. After controlling for age, gender, ethnicity, and parental education, two-year (versus four-year) college students less frequently limited dietary fat (F(2,2227) = 21.64, p < .001) and less frequently exercised ≥ 20 minutes a day (F(5,2232) = 14.21, p < .001). Thus, research should focus on developing interventions targeting the different psychosocial factors that influence nutrition and exercise among two-year college students.  相似文献   

Educational Turbulence: The Influence of Macro and Micro-Policy on Science Education Reform     

Carla C. Johnson 《Journal of Science Teacher Education》2013,24(4):693-715

Enactment of federal educational policy has direct implications for states and local school districts across the nation, particularly in the areas of accountability and funding. This study utilized constructivist grounded theory to examine the impact of policy on science education reform in a large, urban school district over a 5-year period. The existence and interaction between macro and micro, and explicit and implicit policies created educational turbulence. Findings further extend upon Fullan’s (Change theory: a force for school improvement, 2006) change theory adding high-stakes accountability as a prevalent distractor issue and the need for quad-level, rather than tri-level engagement in reform. Suggestions for addressing educational turbulence are provided.  相似文献