A low-cost method for estimating energy expenditure during soccer refereeing     

Luca Paolo Ardigò  Johnny Padulo  Andrea Zuliani  Carlo Capelli 《Journal of sports sciences》2015,33(17):1853-1858

This study aimed to apply a validated bioenergetics model of sprint running to recordings obtained from commercial basic high-sensitivity global positioning system receivers to estimate energy expenditure and physical activity variables during soccer refereeing. We studied five Italian fifth division referees during 20 official matches while carrying the receivers. By applying the model to the recorded speed and acceleration data, we calculated energy consumption during activity, mass-normalised total energy consumption, total distance, metabolically equivalent distance and their ratio over the entire match and the two halves. Main results were as follows: (match) energy consumption = 4729 ± 608 kJ, mass normalised total energy consumption = 74 ± 8 kJ · kg^?1, total distance = 13,112 ± 1225 m, metabolically equivalent distance = 13,788 ± 1151 m and metabolically equivalent/total distance = 1.05 ± 0.05. By using a very low-cost device, it is possible to estimate the energy expenditure of soccer refereeing. The provided predicting mass-normalised total energy consumption versus total distance equation can supply information about soccer refereeing energy demand.  相似文献   

A Model of Maternal and Paternal Ethnic Socialization of Mexican‐American Adolescents’ Self‐Views          下载免费PDF全文

George P. Knight  Gustavo Carlo  Cara Streit  Rebecca M.B. White 《Child development》2017,88(6):1885-1896

Data from a sample of 462 Mexican‐American adolescents (M = 10.4 years, SD = .55; 48.1% girls), mothers, and fathers were used to test an ethnic socialization model of ethnic identity and self‐efficacy that also considered mainstream parenting styles (e.g., authoritative parenting). Findings supported the ethnic socialization model: parents’ endorsement of Mexican‐American values were associated with ethnic socialization at fifth grade and seventh grade; maternal ethnic socialization at fifth grade and paternal ethnic socialization at seventh grade were associated with adolescents’ ethnic identity exploration at 10th grade and, in turn, self‐efficacy at 12th grade. The findings support ethnic socialization conceptions of how self‐views of ethnicity develop from childhood across adolescence in Mexican‐American children.  相似文献   

The Critical Role of Vocabulary Development for English Language Learners   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Diane August  Maria Carlo  Cheryl Dressler  Catherine Snow 《Learning disabilities research & practice》2005,20(1):50-57

English language learners (ELLs) who experience slow vocabulary development are less able to comprehend text at grade level than their English‐only peers. Such students are likely to perform poorly on assessments in these areas and are at risk of being diagnosed as learning disabled. In this article, we review the research on methods to develop the vocabulary knowledge of ELLs and present lessons learned from the research concerning effective instructional practices for ELLs. The review suggests that several strategies are especially valuable for ELLs, including taking advantage of students' first language if the language shares cognates with English; ensuring that ELLs know the meaning of basic words, and providing sufficient review and reinforcement. Finally, we discuss challenges in designing effective vocabulary instruction for ELLs. Important issues are determining which words to teach, taking into account the large deficits in second‐language vocabulary of ELLs, and working with the limited time that is typically available for direct instruction in vocabulary.  相似文献   

Stability and change of moral disengagement and its impact on aggression and violence in late adolescence     

Paciello M  Fida R  Tramontano C  Lupinetti C  Caprara GV 《Child development》2008,79(5):1288-1309

Stability and change of moral disengagement were examined in a sample of 366 adolescents from ages 14 to 20 years. Four developmental trajectories were identified: (a) nondisengaged group that started with initially low levels followed by an important decline, (b) normative group that started with initially moderate levels followed by a decline, (c) later desister group that started with initially high-medium levels followed by an increase from 14 to 16 years and an even steeper decline from 16 to 20 years, and (d) chronic group that started with and maintained medium-high levels. The results attest that adolescents who maintained higher levels of moral disengagement were more likely to show frequent aggressive and violent acts in late adolescence.  相似文献   

Science Letters: Vascular architecture: is it a helpful histopathological biomarker for hepatocellular carcinoma?     

GRIZZI Fabio  FRANCESCHINI Barbara  FIAMENGO Barbara  RUSSO Carlo  DIOGUARDI Nicola 《Journal of Zhejiang University. Science. B》2007,8(4)

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains one of the major public health problems throughout the world. Although originally associated with tumorigenic processes, liver angiogenesis has also been observed in the context of different liver inflammatory, fibrotic, and ischemic conditions. Here we investigate the fractal dimension as a quantitator of non-Euclidean two-dimensional vascular geometry in a series of paired specimens of primary HCC and surrounding non-tumoral tissue, and discuss why this parameter might provide additional information regarding cancer behavior. The application of fractal geometry to the measurement of liver vascularity and the availability of a computer-aided quantitative method can eliminate errors in visual interpretation, and make it possible to obtain closer-to-reality numerals that are compulsory for any measurement process.  相似文献   

The rise of the video-recorder teacher: the sociomaterial construction of an educational actor     

Carlo Perrotta  Laura Czerniewicz  Helen Beetham 《British Journal of Sociology of Education》2016,37(8):1251-1267

This paper draws on actor-network theory and on the sociology of cultural consumption to examine the phenomenon of corporate Massive Open Online Courses. Through an analysis of texts available in the public domain, the paper argues that over a short period (between 2012 and 2013) digitisation technology became associated with the emergence of a hybrid ‘actor’: the digital video-recorder teacher. A parallel is drawn between the ‘interactive affordances’ of digital instruction and the playback and cataloguing options that have contributed to shifts in television viewing habits. The digital video-recorder teacher is described as an artefact in the service of a postmodern project of self-improvement through cultural consumption, which recruits digitisation to meet a growing demand for ‘upgrades to the self’. In the conclusion, the paper explores how the study of digital education could benefit from an interface between sociomaterial studies and the sociology of culture.  相似文献   

Learner agency in urban schools? A pragmatic transactional approach     

Carlo Raffo  Wolff-Michael Roth 《British Journal of Sociology of Education》2020,41(4):447-461

Abstract

Enhancing learner agency in urban schools is seen as increasingly important in educational policy for narrowing existing attainment gaps. However, notions of learner agency are contested and require conceptual clarity. To help generate such clarity a conceptual synthesis of the field was undertaken that resulted in a mapping framework around three distinct and yet interrelated perspectives: (a) micro-individualistic self-authoring, (b) macro- and meso-level structural and cultural determination, and (c) macro-meso and micro level conflation and interconnection. Based on conceptual shortcomings in the field, we develop our own fourth approach that focuses on a relational, pragmatic transactional perspective. This suggests the young person as a separated learning agent is an incorrect unit of analysis to explain intent behind action. Instead we are argue for the holistic and integrated (Deweyan) notion of transaction that focuses on young people being subject and subjected to conditions as much as being subjects of their conditions.  相似文献   

Consistency and development of prosocial dispositions: a longitudinal study   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  

Eisenberg N  Guthrie IK  Murphy BC  Shepard SA  Cumberland A  Carlo G 《Child development》1999,70(6):1360-1372

The issue of whether there is consistency in prosocial dispositions was examined with a longitudinal data set extending from ages 4 to 5 years into early adulthood (N = 32). Spontaneous prosocial behaviors observed in the preschool classroom predicted actual prosocial behavior, other- and self-reported prosocial behavior, self-reported sympathy, and perspective taking in childhood to early adulthood. Prosocial behaviors that were not expected to reflect an other-orientation (i.e., low cost helping and compliant prosocial behavior) generally did not predict later prosocial behavior or sympathy. Sympathy appeared to partially mediate the relation of early spontaneous sharing to later prosocial dispositions. The results support the view that there are stable individual differences in prosocial responding that have their origins in early childhood.  相似文献   

Assessment,technology and democratic education in the age of data     

Carlo Perrotta 《Learning, Media and Technology》2013,38(1):116-122

This paper contends that powerful techniques to manipulate data, enabled by technological and economic developments, can be easily co-opted to serve the restrictive frameworks of hyper-controlling, managerial accountability that characterise current cultures of summative assessment in education. In response to these challenges, research is urgently needed to increase our understanding of the impact that assessments have on individuals and society. The paper concludes that social research ought to contribute to the identification of responses – educational, technological and political – that can minimise inequalities and potential abuses through the encouragement of data literacy across society.  相似文献   

Notes and News     

Carlo Ratio  Dave Hall 《Mentoring & Tutoring: Partnership in Learning》2013,21(3):61-64

This article explores mentoring within the context of post‐16 working class urban youth and their transition from compulsory education to the labour market. The difficulties inherent in such a transition in a post industrial context are highlighted utilising the concepts of risk, individualisation and liminality. The authors reflect upon their own experiences in initial teacher education and draw parallels between mentoring in this area and mentoring urban youth. They consider a model of cognitive mentoring for incorporation into vocational education and training programmes and develop a set of guiding principles for such programmes which are intended to empower young people in the process of navigating and negotiating their routes into flexible and fast changing labour markets.  相似文献