Possibility thinking: culminative studies of an evidence-based concept driving creativity?     

Anna Craft  Teresa Cremin  Pamela Burnard  Tatjana Dragovic  Kerry Chappell 《Education 3-13》2013,41(5):538-556

The authors have, for some years, studied the concept of ‘possibility thinking’ (PT), or ‘what if’ and ‘as if’ thinking in children aged 3–11, which generates novelty – and the pedagogical strategies which foster it. They have argued, on the basis of previous qualitative studies, that ‘PT’ is at the core of creativity in education. Having begun as a conceptual study for 7 years, this team has undertaken empirical studies of PT in classrooms. This paper discusses findings from the third phase of empirical work focusing on 9- to 11-year olds. The particular research question addressed here is ‘What characterises possibility thinking as manifest in the learning engagement of children aged 9–11?’. In a small-scale qualitative study, involving co-participation with teachers, the paper features episode analysis of naturalistic video data featuring children aged 9–11 in two schools. It focuses on PT evidenced by children engaged in a range of classroom activities, some established as individual activities and others as group work. The study reveals some features of PT in both sites (question-posing [Q-P], question-responding [Q-R], self-determination, intentional action, development, being imaginative, play/playfulness, immersion and innovation) to differing degrees of strength. Risk-taking was absent in both and a new feature, collaboration, evident in both. Differences were documented in how Q-P and Q-R manifest, compared with earlier studies with younger children. This study seeks to make an evidence-based contribution to the characterisation of PT as driving creativity in the classroom, with implications for research and practice.  相似文献   

Sin in cyber-eden: understanding the metaphysics and morals of virtual worlds     

Ashley John Craft 《Ethics and Information Technology》2007,9(3):205-217

This article uses a notorious incident within the computer program EVE Online to exemplify and facilitate discussion of the metaphysics of virtual worlds and the morality of user behavior. The first section examines various frameworks used to understand virtual worlds, and emphasizes those which recognize virtual worlds as legal contracts, as representational worlds, and as media for communication. The second section draws on these frameworks to analyze issues of virtual theft and virtual betrayal arising in the EVE incident. The article concludes by arguing that, in the absence of countervailing contractual obligations, users of virtual worlds have the same de facto duties to each other as they do in mediated and real environments. This paper grew out of my senior thesis in philosophy at Pomona College, entitled Game Theory: The Metaphysics and Morals of Massively Multiplayer Environments. I am indebted to Peter Kung and Paul Hurley for their critical insights and constant encouragement, as well as the Fulbright program, which afforded me the time and resources to develop this project.  相似文献   

Creative development in the early years: some implications of policy for practice     

Anna Craft 《Curriculum Journal》2013,24(1):135-150

ABSTRACT

This article focuses on the identifying of ‘creative development’ as a desirable early years learning outcome by the School Curriculum and Assessment Authority (SCAA, 1997). The article begins with a rationale for the inclusion of ‘creativity’ in the curriculum of young children in a post‐modern world at the turn of the century. It then goes on to look at the way in which ‘creative development’ is characterized by SCAA as a desirable learning outcome, and to unpick some of the messages which its inclusion in the curriculum may signify. There are several challenges posed by this part of the early years curriculum, which are then explored. Finally it proposes a framework for interpreting and translating it into practice.  相似文献   

Arab Contributions to World Knowledge: A Contemporary Curriculum Imperative     

Tami Craft Al-Hazza  Robert Lucking 《Multicultural Perspectives》2015,17(1):33-38

American K-12 school curricula are often bereft of acknowledgements of the historical contributions of Arab societies to our present-day intellectual heritage, an oversight most apparent in the sciences. Teachers in a thriving democracy are obliged to introduce contemporary scholarship that reflects the contributions of Arab scientists between the period of 850 and 1200 in the larger area of the Middle East. This article illuminates significant Arab scientists in history and offers appropriate resources for the K-12 classroom.  相似文献   

Internationalisation and distance education: a Hong Kong case study     

Maurice Craft  Ronnie Carr  Yvonne Fung 《International Journal of Educational Development》1998,18(6):467-472

The accelerating globalisation of world economic relations has been paralleled by a progressive internationalisation of higher education, including the use of distance education. But the modification of distance education materials and the provision of local tutorial support are only rarely undertaken, despite the fact that in social science and the humanities such materials are culturally saturated. This Hong Kong case study in teacher education examines the issues, describes the opportunities and difficulties involved, and argues that cultural adaptation merits a higher priority than at present.  相似文献   

Five and Six Year‐Olds’ Views of Friendship     

Anna Craft 《Educational studies》1994,20(2):181-194

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Charting the Changes in Teacher Education     

Maurice Craft 《Cambridge Journal of Education》1990,20(1):73-78

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Child-initiated play and professional creativity: Enabling four-year-olds’ possibility thinking     

Anna Craft  Linda McConnonAlice Matthews 《Thinking Skills and Creativity》2012,7(1):48-61

Given enormous global challenges, alongside nurturing children's creativity, professional creativity has perhaps never been more vital ( [Craft, 2011a] and [Moss, 2010]). This paper considers how a small, qualitative, co-participative study in an inner city children's centre, explored practitioner perspectives and practice related to creativity understood as possibility thinking. This research builds on previous studies that have documented possibility thinking and analyses the nature of possibility thinking manifest in child-initiated immersive play triggered by practitioner-placed provocations, and pedagogical strategies which foster this.  相似文献