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41.
“I Heard it through the Grapevine”: Doctoral Student Socialization in Chemistry and History 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Susan K. Gardner 《Higher Education》2007,54(5):723-740
Twenty doctoral students in the disciplines of chemistry and history were interviewed to better understand the socialization
processes that influence their success and how these processes differ by year in the degree program and disciplinary culture.
Five major themes emerged describing these socialization processes and how they facilitate or impede degree success, including
Ambiguity, describing the programmatic guidelines and expectations that surrounded much of the students’ experience; Balance,
pointing to the students’ need to balance graduate school responsibilities along with external relationships and demands;
Independence, describing the students’ desire to find equilibrium as they transitioned to the role of independent scholar;
Development, highlighting the significant cognitive, personal, and professional development that occurs in these students’
graduate experience; and Support, describing the faculty, peer, and financial support needed for the students’ success in
their degree programs. Suggestions for policy, practice, and further research are discussed. 相似文献
42.
Susan Groundwater-Smith 《Educational Action Research》2016,24(2):159-176
This article provides a review of the concept of student voice as it has been represented in Educational Action Research from the 1990s to the present day. Contextualised within an exploration of the challenges posed by educational action research that incorporates student voice in the current age of accountability as reflected and understood in academia, we explore issues of power and authority, issues of process and issues of ownership as they emerge in the literature. We note ways in which these challenges are manifest in primary and secondary schooling and in tertiary education. Finally, we survey some recent representations of student voice in Educational Action Research, observing something of a shift from earlier conceptualisations of students as a ‘data source’ to a more active involvement as co-researchers and joint constructors of knowledge, progressing toward more active student–teacher partnerships. 相似文献
43.
Rats were trained in a three-alternative spatial delayed matching-to-sample task in a starburst maze. Samples consisted of rewarded forced choices of one arm, and retention was indicated by rats’ returning to that arm after a 90-sec delay. If a rat made an error on its first choice, it was returned to the start compartment and allowed a second choice. Unlike in previous experiments with this task, all three arms were available during the animals’ second choices. The rats tended to perseverate in their second choices by returning to the arm that they had erroneously visited on their first choice. In Experiment 1, the accuracy of second choices following first-choice errors was below chance during the first block of sessions, when a 90-sec delay intervened between the first choice and the second choice, and at chance during the second block of sessions, when a short (5–6 see) delay intervened between first and second choices. In Experiment 2, long-delay and short-delay sessions were randomly presented to naive subjects. Similar results were obtained. In both experiments, the tendency to repeat the erroneous first choice was greater when long delays separated the two choices than when short delays were used. The results suggest that rats make their first-choice errors because they erroneously encode or remember the location of the sample and that they base their second choices on the same erroneous-memory. The increase in perseveration at long delays implies some kind of rehearsal-like mechanism that slows forgetting of the memory controlling the first choice. 相似文献
44.
45.
Evidence of comparability is generally needed whenever there are variations in the conditions of an assessment administration, including variations introduced by the administration of an assessment on multiple digital devices (e.g., tablet, laptop, desktop). This article is meant to provide a comprehensive examination of issues relevant to the comparability of scores across devices, and as such provide a starting point in designing and implementing a research agenda to support the comparability of any assessment program. This work starts with a conceptual framework rooted in the idea of a comparability claim—a conceptual statement about how each student is expected to perform on each of the devices in question. Then a review of the available literature is provided, focusing on how aspects of the devices (touch screens, keyboards, screen size, and displayed content) and aspects of the assessments (content area and item type) relate to student performance and preference. Building on this literature, recommendations to minimize threats to comparability are then provided. The article concludes with ways to gather evidence to support claims of comparability. 相似文献
46.
Christine B. McCormick Joel R. Levin Frank Cykowski Paula Danilovics 《Educational technology research and development : ETR & D》1984,32(3):145-152
One hundred and sixty college students read three fictitious biographical passages according to either imagery-mnemonic or
no-strategy control instructions. In one mnemonic condition, subjects formed separate images involving each biographical name
and its associated facts: in another mnemonic condition, the biographical name and its associated facts were integrated within
a single composite image. Relative to an interference-control condition, integrated mnemonic subjects recalled more factual
information, whereas separate mnemonic subjects did not. In addition, the recall of integrated mnemonic subjects was statistically
no different from that of a noninterference control condition, whereas the recall of separate mnemonic subjects was lower.
Both theoretical and educational implications of the results are discussed.
The first author’s contribution to this work was supported by an Organized Research Grant from the Graduate School of Illinois
State University. The second author’s contribution was supported by the National Institute of Education under Grant No. NIE-G-81-0009
to the Wisconsin Center for Education Research and was facilitated by a Romnes Faculty Fellowship from the Graduate School
of the University of Wisconsin, Madison. 相似文献
47.
48.
J. Fredericks Volkwein Bruce P. Szelest Alan J. Lizotte 《Research in higher education》1995,36(6):647-670
This research draws upon merged national databases containing federal crime statistics, community demographic data, and campus characteristics. The study displays the trends in campus crime since 1974, and using 1990 data, examines the relationships between three measures of campus crime and 23 predictors developed for this study. The results show that campus rates of both violent crime and property crime are falling, especially since 1985. Moreover, students are considerably safer on campus than in the cities and communities surrounding them. The lowest average crime rates are found at two-year colleges, while the highest overall rates are at medical schools and health science centers. None of the community characteristics, including community crime and poverty rates, are significantly associated with campus crime. While campus organizational measures in general are more highly related to campus crime than are student characteristics, we find differences in the patterns of variables associated with violent crime versus property crime. Factors associated with property crime are partially consistent with existing theory on criminal activity. Factors associated with violent crime are more complex and difficult to predict.An earlier version of this paper was the winner of the regional Best Paper Award from the North East AIR annual meeting in Bolton Landing, N.Y., November 1993. It was presented again at the Association for Institutional Research Forum, New Orleans, Louisiana, May 1994. 相似文献
49.
Designing informal learning experiences for early career academics using a knowledge ecosystem model
Faye Miller Helen Partridge Christine Bruce Brian Hemmings 《Journal of Further & Higher Education》2017,41(5):692-705
This article presents a ‘knowledge ecosystem’ model of how early career academics experience using information to learn while building their social networks for developmental purposes. Developed using grounded theory methodology, the model offers a way of conceptualising how to empower early career academics through (1) agency (individual and relational) and (2) facilitation of personalised informal learning (design of physical and virtual systems and environments) in spaces where developmental relationships are formed, including programmes, courses, events, community, home and social media. It is suggested that the knowledge ecosystem model is suitable for use in designing informal learning experiences for early career academics. 相似文献
50.
While a vast literature exists on students and their learning, work on lecturers and their teaching continues to lag some
way behind. This paper explores the notion that the complexity of Higher Education (HE) today significantly impacts upon what
goes on in the classroom through a two-tiered study. Semi-structured interviews were conducted to explore lecturers’ perceptions
and experiences of teaching a specific module. Interviewees raised issues pertaining to the wider departmental, institutional
and socio-political context. Consequently, focus groups were run with key people in the University to explore their perceptions
of teaching and learning within the current HE climate. The findings suggest that lecturers perceive numerous external factors
to impinge upon their teaching and attempt to militate against these in various ways in order to achieve ongoing enhancement
of learning for students.
相似文献
Susan J. LeaEmail: |