Perspectives on the Origins of Life in Science Textbooks from a Christian Publisher: Implications for Teaching Science     

Baptista  Geilsa Costa Santos  Santos  Rodrigo da Silva  Cobern  William W. 《International Journal of Science and Mathematics Education》2015,13(2):309-329

This study analyzes six seventh grade Israeli mathematics textbooks, examining (1) the extent to which students are required to justify and explain their mathematical work, and (2) whether students are asked to justify a mathematical claim that is stated by the textbook or a mathematical claim that they themselves generated when solving a problem. Two different units of analysis were used to analyze two central topics in the seventh grade curriculum as follows: (1) equation solving in algebra and (2) triangle properties in geometry. The findings indicate that all six textbooks had considerably larger percentages of geometric tasks than algebraic tasks, which required students to justify or explain their mathematical work. Moreover, considerable differences were found among the six textbooks regarding the percentages of tasks that required students to justify and explain in both topics, but more so with the algebraic topic. Analysis of whether the textbook tasks required students to justify a mathematical claim that is stated by the textbook or a mathematical claim that the students themselves generated also revealed substantial differences among the textbooks. These findings are discussed, as well as the research methods used, in light of relevant literature.  相似文献   

Foreign direct investment and technological capabilities in Brazilian industry   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Ionara Costa  Srgio Robles Reis de Queiroz 《Research Policy》2002,31(8-9)

The purpose of this paper is to make a contribution to a further understanding of the implications of the growing presence of foreign affiliates for deepening technological capabilities (TCs) in Brazilian industry. It proposes a TC classification that emphasises the distinction between the use and generation of knowledge and presents a methodology for composing TC proxies by means of an innovation survey database. The findings suggest that both foreign and domestics firms have accumulated substantial capabilities for using existing technology, but only shallow capabilities for locally generating technologies. However, foreign affiliates score higher than their local counterparts in more complex capabilities, confirming their centrality in the Brazilian learning system. This gives ground for urging the elaboration of strategic foreign direct investment (FDI) policies that strengthen and deepen local TCs.  相似文献   

Teaching style and academic achievement: The mediating role of learned helplessness and mastery orientation     

Pina Filippello  Caterina Buzzai  Sebastiano Costa  Susanna Orecchio  Luana Sorrenti 《Psychology in the schools》2020,57(1):5-16

Although several studies have investigated the roles of teaching practices during the learning process on students, the role of school learned helplessness (LH) and mastery orientation (MO) has not been deeply examined. The present study aimed to verify the dynamics between academic achievement and the perception of the students of their teacher's psychological control and autonomy support by examining the mediating role of school LH and MO. Results confirmed that perceived teacher psychological control can predict school LH, whereas perceived teacher autonomy support can predict school MO. Additionally, academic achievement was positively predicted by school MO, whereas it was negatively predicted by school LH. Finally, analyses have shown that school LH and MO play a mediating role in the relationship between academic achievement and the perceived teacher autonomy support and psychological control. Limitations and implications are discussed.  相似文献   

Analysis of the distances covered and technical actions performed by professional tennis players during official matches     

Tiago Julio Costa Pereira  Fábio Yuzo Nakamura  Mayra Tardelli de Jesus  Claudio Luís Roveri Vieira  Milton Shoiti Misuta  Ricardo Machado Leite de Barros 《Journal of sports sciences》2017,35(4):361-368

The purpose of this study was to analyse the physical and technical performances of professional tennis players during official matches. The trajectories of eight players were obtained during matches, using an automatic tracking method. The distances covered and technical performances were analysed for the first and second sets. The athletes covered (mean ± standard deviation) a total of 1702.4 ± 448.2 m in the first set, 1457.6 ± 678.1 m in the second set and 3160.0 ± 880.1 in the entire match. No differences were found between the sets for the physical variables (lateral and forward displacements, distance covered per rally, per game and per set, and the percentage of time spent in each range of velocity). However, the distances covered by the athletes during the rallies in which they were serving (median = 5.2; interquartile range (IQR) = 6.7 m) were statistically smaller than when they were returning (median = 6.2; IQR = 7.7 m). Forehand ground stroke proficiency decreased from the first (mean ± standard deviation: 75.2 ± 4.11%) to the second set (mean ± standard deviation = 65.5 ± 14.3%). In conclusion, tennis players did not present reduced physical performance from the first to the second set.  相似文献   

Investigating how college students’ task definitions and plans relate to self-regulated learning processing and understanding of a complex science topic     

Jeffrey A. Greene  Leigh Anna HutchisonLara-Jeane Costa  Helen Crompton 《Contemporary educational psychology》2012

Winne and Hadwin (2008) identified four phases of self-regulated learning (SRL) including defining the task, setting goals and making plans, studying (i.e., learning), and adaptation. The vast majority of SRL research has focused on processing during the third phase, studying. In this study, we developed coding rubrics that allowed us to examine how the results of college students’ processing during phases one and two of Winne and Hadwin’s model, task definitions and plans, affected their SRL processing while learning with a hypermedia learning environment (HLE), and their subsequent academic performance. Our findings showed that, on average, participants gained both factual knowledge and integrated conceptual understanding over the course of learning with the HLE. The quality of participants’ task definitions and plans at pretest, as well as their SRL processing during learning, were related to learning outcomes. On average, participants’ task definitions improved from pretest to posttest. The findings from this study and the associated coding methodologies have implications for educational research and practice.  相似文献   

Functional hamstrings: quadriceps ratios in elite women's soccer players     

Nathaniel D.M. Jenkins  Matthew J. Hawkey  Pablo B. Costa  Ryan E. Fiddler  Brennan J. Thompson  Eric D. Ryan 《Journal of sports sciences》2013,31(6):612-617

Abstract

We compared starters and non-starters for various isokinetic strength variables in elite women’s soccer players. A convenience sample of 10 starters (mean ± s; age = 20 ± 2 years; height = 170 ± 4 cm; body mass = 65 ± 5 kg) and 7 non-starters (age = 20 ± 1 years; height = 164 ± 3 cm; body mass = 63 ± 4 kg) performed maximal voluntary muscle actions of the leg extensors (concentric) and flexors (eccentric) on an isokinetic dynamometer in order to measure concentric peak torque for the leg extensors, eccentric peak torque for the leg flexors, and the functional hamstrings:quadriceps (H:Q) ratio at 1.047 rad · s^-1 and 4.189 rad · s^-1 concentric peak torque for the leg extensors was not different between starters and non-starters. However, it was greater at 1.047 rad · s^-1 than at 4.189 rad · s^-1 in both groups. Eccentric peak torque for the leg flexors was greater for the starters versus non-starters at 4.189 rad · s^-1. Eccentric strength of the leg flexors at fast movement velocities may be used as an effective physiological profile and may discriminate between playing status in elite women’s soccer players.  相似文献   

Item Response Theory and the Measurement of Motor Behavior     

Margaret J. Safrit  Allan S. Cohen  M. Glaucia Costa 《Research quarterly for exercise and sport》2013,84(4):325-335

Abstract

Item response theory (IRT) has been the focus of intense research and development activity in educational and psychological measurement during the past decade. Because this theory can provide more precise information about test items than other theories usually used in measuring motor behavior, the application of IRT in physical education and exercise science merits investigation. In IRT, the difficulty level of each item (e.g., trial or task) can be estimated and placed on the same scale as the ability of the examinee. Using this information, the test developer can determine the ability levels at which the test functions best. Equating the scores of individuals on two or more items or tests can be handled efficiently by applying IRT. The precision of the identification of performance standards in a mastery test context can be enhanced, as can adaptive testing procedures. In this tutorial, several potential benefits of applying IRT to the measurement of motor behavior were described. An example is provided using bowling data and applying the graded-response form of the Rasch IRT model. The data were calibrated and the goodness of fit was examined. This analysis is described in a step-by-step approach. Limitations to using an IRT model with a test consisting of repeated measures were noted.  相似文献   

The Difficulty of Sit-Ups Tests: An Empirical Investigation     

Margaret J. Safrit Ph.D.  Weimo Zhu  M. Glaucia Costa  Liru Zhang 《Research quarterly for exercise and sport》2013,84(3):277-283

Abstract

This study estimated the difficulty of various sit-ups tests using an item response theory (IRT) model, the Rasch Poisson Counts model Scores were obtained on 18 sit-ups tests. All tests were thought to vary in difficulty based on clinical observations. Item difficulty was defined by the Poisson model as the difficulty of Step 1, where the difficulty of a step represented the difficulty of completing a sit-up. The difficulty values of the tests ranged from ?4.02 to ?3.57. The easiest test was executed with hands on thighs and feet anchored. Most tests had good fit values. The results demonstrated that a variety of sit-ups tests can provide a range of difficulties and variety in forming a sit-ups test bank.  相似文献   

Examining expansion and trends in higher education in Mozambique,Africa     

Miguel  Lucas Lavo Ant&#;nio Jimo  Tambe  Telma Amorgiana Fulane  da Costa  Candida Soares 《Higher Education》2022,83(2):411-439

Higher Education - Concerns about expansion in higher education (HE) have increasingly become a focus of educational policymakers in sub-Saharan countries. However, critical analysis and discussion...  相似文献   

How and with what accuracy do children report self-regulated learning in contemporary EFL instructional settings?     

Ferreira  P. Costa  Simão  A. M. Veiga  da Silva  A. Lopes 《European Journal of Psychology of Education - EJPE》2017,32(4):589-615

European Journal of Psychology of Education - This study aimed to understand how children reflect about learning, report their regulation of learning activity, and develop their performance in...  相似文献