THE DEVELOPMENT OF A SEQUENTIALLY SCALED ACHIEVEMENT TEST1     

Richard C. Cox  Glenn T. Graham 《Journal of Educational Measurement》1966,3(2):147-150

  相似文献   

A Follow-up Study of Reading Attainment in a Sample of Eleven-year Old Disadvantaged Children     

Theo Cox 《Educational studies》1979,5(1):53-60

Fifty children from culturally and materially disadvantaged home backgrounds and a control group of children from more advantaged backgrounds who had originally been studied at the infant school stage were followed up at the end of their junior school careers. On the three reading tests administered in the follow‐up study the ‘Deprived Group’ children scored significantly lower than their controls and a substantial proportion of them could be regarded as seriously retarded in reading. An analysis of the raw gains made by the children in two reading tests administered at age 7+ and 11+ indicated that the achievement gap in reading between the Control and Deprived Groups, in favour of the former, had widened appreciably during the intervening period. It is argued that results reflect mainly the influence of home background rather than school factors upon the children's reading progress and achievement.  相似文献   

Latent Class Modeling with A Time-To-Event Distal Outcome: A Comparison of One,Two and Three-Step Approaches     

Daniel T. Lythgoe  Marta Garcia-Fiñana  Trevor F. Cox 《Structural equation modeling》2019,26(1):51-65

Latent class methods can be used to identify unobserved subgroups which differ in their observed data. Researchers are often interested in outcomes for the identified subgroups and in some disciplines time-to-event outcome measures are common, e.g., overall survival in oncology. In this study Monte Carlo simulation is used to evaluate the empirical properties of latent class effect estimates on a time-to-event distal outcome using one, two and three-step approaches. Both standard and inclusive bias-corrected three-step approaches are considered. One-step latent class effect estimates are shown to be superior to the evaluated alternatives. Both the two-step approach and a standard three-step approach, where subjects are partially assigned to latent classes, produced unbiased estimates with nominal confidence interval coverage when latent classes were well separated, but not otherwise.

  相似文献   

The Representation of Spatial Relationships in the Drawings of ESN(M) and Normal Children     

M.V. Cox  C. Braga 《教育心理学》1985,5(3-4):279-286

Abstract Two age groups of normal children (7y 8m and 12y 7m) were asked to draw two cubes placed in three different spatial arrangements. A third group of ESN(M) children who had a chronological age of 12y 7m but a mental age of 7y 11m was also tested. Generally, the way that the three groups represented the cubes was in accord with the predictions made from previous research findings. One striking difference, however, was that only the older normal children attempted to depict the solidity of the cubes; in doing so, they represented the model from a viewpoint which was not their own. This finding raises doubts about the assumption that the developmental trend is towards drawing a picture from the artist's own viewpoint. The responses of the ESN (M) children resembled those of the younger normal subjects and both these groups produced more developmentally advanced drawings than had been expected.  相似文献   

Elements of Supervision in Sexual Violence Counselors' Narratives: A Qualitative Analysis     

Carol A. Sommer  Jane A. Cox 《Counselor Education & Supervision》2005,45(2):119-134

The literature on vicarious traumatization has suggested that traumasensitive supervision may help to minimize the effects of vicarious exposure to trauma; however, nothing from the perspective of trauma counselors was noted. The present qualitative study involved 1 male and 8 female sexual violence counselors who had worked with sexual violence survivors from 1 to 9 years. The use of semistructured interviews and basic interpretive analysis revealed 4 themes: counselor feelings, vicarious traumatization, helpful qualities of supervision, and organizational considerations.  相似文献   

The Young Child's Pictorial Representation of the Human Figure     

Maureen V. Cox  Sarah Mason 《International Journal of Early Years Education》1998,6(1):31-38

This study investigated reasons for the omission of the torso typical in most young children's drawings of the human figure. Do they have an incomplete mental image of the human figure; if so will the torso be omitted from a manikin task too? As the head is normally drawn first, is the torso simply forgotten; if so will children include it if they are asked to draw the torso first? Eighty tadpole‐drawers (aged between 2 years 7 months and 5 years) were randomly allocated to a drawing or a manikin condition; they were further subdivided into a head‐first or torso‐first condition. Significantly more children produced a conventional figure when they constructed a manikin compared with those who were asked to draw; the order of body parts (head‐first vs torso‐first) had no significant effect. These results suggest that young children omit the torso from their human figures because they have yet to devise a way of drawing it, perhaps because it is a relatively unimportant item; there is little evidence that they have simply forgotten it or that their mental model for the human figure is incomplete.  相似文献   

Space and embodiment in informal learning     

Andrew M. Cox 《Higher Education》2018,75(6):1077-1090

Changes in pedagogy to emphasise independent study and group work have increased the need for informal learning spaces on campuses. University libraries have been quick to respond to this need, partly because of the decline in book lending and partly because of technology enablers. Furthermore, new types of buildings that combine many types of facility, including libraries and informal learning spaces, are being built. This research aimed to explore students’ experience of such informal learning spaces, through focus groups and walk with interviews. It was found that the creation of different types of learning atmosphere, should be understood as a multi-sensory experience, and actively constructed by learners themselves. Informal learning spaces are important destinations for students, who have favourite places to study, where they often work alongside companions and find motivation to work in the presence of others.  相似文献   

Dietary nitrate supplementation does not improve cycling time-trial performance in the heat     

Georgina L. Kent  Brian Dawson  Gregory R. Cox  Louise M. Burke  Annette Eastwood  Kevin D. Croft 《Journal of sports sciences》2018,36(11):1204-1211

This investigation examined the effect of beetroot juice (BR) supplementation, a source of dietary nitrate (NO₃^?), on cycling time-trial (TT) performance and thermoregulation in the heat. In a double-blind, repeated-measures design, 12 male cyclists (age 26.6 ± 4.4 years, VO_2peak 65.8 ± 5.5 mL.kg^?1.min^?1) completed four cycling TTs (14 kJ.kg^?1) in hot (35°C, 48% relative humidity) and euthermic (21°C, 52%) conditions, following 3 days supplementation with BR (6.5 mmol NO₃^? for 2 days and 13 mmol NO₃^? on the final day), or NO₃^–depleted placebo (PLA). Salivary NO₃^? and nitrite, core (T_c) and mean skin temperature (T_sk) were measured. Salivary NO₃^? and nitrite increased significantly post-BR supplementation (p < 0.001). Average TT completion time (mm:ss) in hot conditions was 56:50 ± 05:08 with BR, compared with 58:30 ± 04:48 with PLA (p = 0.178). In euthermic conditions, average completion time was 53:09 ± 04:35 with BR, compared with 54:01 ± 04:05 with PLA (p = 0.380). The TT performance decreased (p < 0.001), and T_c (p < 0.001) and T_sk (p < 0.001) were higher in hot compared with euthermic conditions. In summary, BR supplementation has no significant effect on cycling TT performance in the heat.  相似文献   

Annual bibliography of publications on the history of sport, 1990–91*     

Richard William Cox 《国际体育史杂志》2013,30(3):411-420

  相似文献   

Annual bibliography of publications on the history of sport 1991–92     

Richard William Cox 《国际体育史杂志》2013,30(3):382-395

  相似文献