Asymmetry analysis of the arm segments during forward handspring on floor     

Timothy A. Exell  Gemma Robinson  Gareth Irwin 《European Journal of Sport Science》2016,16(5):545-552

Asymmetry in gymnastics underpins successful performance and may also have implications as an injury mechanism; therefore, understanding of this concept could be useful for coaches and clinicians. The aim of this study was to examine kinematic and external kinetic asymmetry of the arm segments during the contact phase of a fundamental skill, the forward handspring on floor. Using a repeated single subject design six female National elite gymnasts (age: 19?±?1.5 years, mass: 58.64?±?3.72?kg, height: 1.62?±?0.41?m), each performed 15 forward handsprings, synchronised 3D kinematic and kinetic data were collected. Asymmetry between the lead and non-lead side arms was quantified during each trial. Significant kinetic asymmetry was observed for all gymnasts (p?相似文献   

Preschool curriculum     

Dr. D. Michelle Irwin 《Early Childhood Education Journal》1974,2(1):35-36

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Challenging the orthodoxy on pupil gang involvement: When two social fields collide          下载免费PDF全文

Keir Irwin‐Rogers  Simon Harding 《British Educational Research Journal》2018,44(3):463-479

Based on fieldwork conducted in five alternative provision schools across three large cities in England, this article explores the relationship between young people's involvement in urban street gangs and their attitudes and behaviour in school. By applying and developing a lens of social field theory, the article highlights the ways in which gang‐involved young people navigate their way between two distinct social fields, namely that of the street gang and that of the school. Although pupil gang involvement can raise significant issues for schools, particularly around violence and educational engagement, our findings challenge the prevailing orthodoxy that depicts an entirely negative portrait of the effects of gang involvement on pupils’ attitudes and behaviour. Instead, through an analysis of interview and observational data, we argue that there is nothing inevitable about the internal logic of a gang social field permeating a school's gates. Young people involved in gangs do not typically spend their entire waking hours wedded to a ‘gang member’ identity—if they are given the opportunity to transition away from the gang social field when they enter the school gates, they will often embrace it. In short, the links between pupils’ involvement in gangs, violent behaviour in school and engagement in education are more contingent and nuanced than is suggested by the literature on gangs and schools to date.  相似文献   

Knowledge ecologies after postmodernity     

Ruth Irwin 《Educational Philosophy and Theory》2018,50(14):1368-1369

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A study of staff development programs for improving school discipline   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Irwin A. Hyman  Dolores Lally 《The Urban Review》1982,14(3):181-196

This paper reports two phases of an ongoing study of the effectiveness of teacher training programs related to school discipline. An exhaustive review of efficacy studies of programs such as Reality Therapy, Teacher Effectiveness Training, and Human Relations Training revealed serious methodological weaknesses. Most studies indicated programs involved teacher attitudes towards more humane discipline, but there were few demonstrations of actual behavior change in students. After phase 1, programs were examined for teaching strategies and processes taught to teachers to improve school discipline. A list of 38 processes were identified and each program examined for their presence. Phase 2 reports the incidence of these processes across programs and suggests further approaches to using these data for continuing research.The research reported here was supported by the National Institute of Education. The opinions expressed are the authors', and no official endorsement of the NIE should be inferred.Presented at the Annual Meeting of The American Psychological Association, Montreal, September 1980.  相似文献   

Religious Education Association,Cleveland, Ohio     

William A. Irwin 《Religious education (Chicago, Ill.)》2013,108(4):248-249

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Musculoskeletal demands of progressions for the longswing on high bar     

Gareth Irwin  David G. Kerwin 《Sports biomechanics / International Society of Biomechanics in Sports》2013,12(3):361-374

Kinetic analyses of the chalked bar longswing on high bar and its associated progressions were used to explain musculoskeletal contributions during the performance of these skills. Data on four international male gymnasts performing three series of chalked bar longswings and eight progressions were recorded. Customized body segment inertia parameters, two-dimensional kinematics (50 Hz), and bar forces (1000 Hz) were used as input to inverse dynamic modelling. The analysis focused on the relative contributions of the knees, hips, and shoulders with root mean squared differences between the chalked bar longswing and the progressions being used to rank the progressions. Seventy per cent of the total work occurred between 200° and 240° of angular rotation in the longswing, 67% of which was contributed by the shoulders. The shoulders were also dominant in all progressions, with the largest such contribution occurring in the looped bar longswing with “no action”. The least similar progression was the looped bar pendulum swing, while the most similar was the chalked bar bent knee longswing. This study provides a useful means for ranking progressions based on their kinetic similarity to the chalked bar longswing and builds on earlier research in identifying that progressions can be classified into those similar in physical demand (kinetics) and those similar in geometry (kinematics).  相似文献   

Musculoskeletal work preceding the outward and inward Tkachev on uneven bars in artistic gymnastics     

David G. Kerwin  Gareth Irwin 《Sports biomechanics / International Society of Biomechanics in Sports》2013,12(1):16-28

Outward facing Tkachevs on uneven bars have been the traditional technique employed by artistic gymnasts. Changes in bar spacing and judging have increased the popularity of the inward version of the skill, in which the gymnast faces towards the low bar as she straddles over the high bar. The purpose of this study was to compare these two variants of the women's Tkachev to examine the influence of the positioning of the low bar on the musculoskeletal demands placed on the gymnast. 3-D DLT reconstructed data sets from digitised video images of straddle Tkachevs performed at the 2000 Sydney Olympics were analysed. Five performances of each variant were compared using kinematics and inverse dynamics. Mean hip and shoulder kinematics were similar for both variants of the Tkachev, but for the inward, gymnasts released later, travelled higher and re-grasped earlier than for the outward. Hip joint moments were similar for both variants while shoulder moments were different. Total musculoskeletal demands were similar for both variants, although the distribution was markedly different with the shoulders contributing positively for the outward and negatively for the inward. Implications for training specificity, along with potential future developments for the inward variant, have been highlighted.  相似文献   

THE BUREAU — VALUABLE TODAY AND EVEN MORE SO TOMORROW     

Rabbi Irwin E. Witty 《Journal of Jewish Education》2013,79(3-4):52-56

In order to reflect on the present status and future challenge of the central agency for Jewish education as it confronts the last decade of the 20th century and enters into the 21st, it is important to define the role and activities of the central agency as they exist at present.  相似文献   

Mapping the Health Communication Infrastructure in Rural Senegal: an Assessment to Support Cervical Cancer Screening     

Eulàlia P. Abril  Magdalena Kupczyk  Grant L. Zwicke  Ginnifer L. Mastarone  Tracy Irwin  Andrew Dykens 《Journal of Applied Communication Research》2013,41(2):242-262

Cervical cancer is the leading cause of women's cancer deaths in Senegal, but few medical personnel are trained to perform cervical cancer screening. In rural areas, the situation is worse. To remedy this, a collaborative of researchers and stakeholders trained local health-care workers in cervical cancer screening through the “training-of-trainers” method. However, lack of cancer screening knowledge, barriers, and a hard-to-reach population may jeopardize the collaborative's efforts. The purpose of this study is to map the health communication infrastructure by applying communication infrastructure theory to assess general health and cancer screening knowledge, as well as attitudes and barriers toward screening. Results from focus groups and interviews show that women have minimal knowledge of cervical cancer. Moreover, health workers report detrimental attitudes in menopausal women. Our findings identified routes for information dissemination and attitude change including community radio and local health talks.  相似文献