Game management, context effects, and calibration: the case of yellow cards in soccer     

Unkelbach C  Memmert D 《运动与训练心理学杂志》2008,30(1):95-109

Referees in German first-league soccer games do not award as many yellow cards in the beginning of a game as should be statistically expected. One explanation for this effect is the concept of game management (Mascarenhas, Collins, & Mortimer, 2002). Alternatively, the consistency model (Haubensak, 1992) explains the effect as a necessity of the judgment situation: Referees need to calibrate a judgment scale, and, to preserve degrees of freedom in that scale, they need to avoid extreme category judgments in the beginning (i.e., yellow cards). Experiment 1 shows that referees who judge scenes in the context of a game award fewer yellow cards than referees who see the same scenes in random order. Experiment 2 shows the combined influence of game management (by explicitly providing information about the game situation) and calibration (early vs. late scenes in the time course of a game). Theoretical implications for expert refereeing and referee training are discussed.  相似文献   

Mechanical and engineering section: Stated meeting,held Thursday,May 10th. Prof John F. Rowland,Jr., President,in the chair     

Daniel Eppelsheimer 《Journal of The Franklin Institute》1900,149(6):479-480

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Report of the Committee on Science and the Arts: On Atkinson's gas engine     

Daniel Ammen 《Journal of The Franklin Institute》1889,127(6):409-421

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Description of a new process of stereotype moulds; with notices of the history and results of the processes of stereotyping     

Daniel Wilson  LL.D  F.S.A.  Scot V.P. 《Journal of The Franklin Institute》1838

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Neurobehavioral and Psychosocial Issues in Klinefelter Syndrome     

Daniel H. Geschwind  Elisabeth Dykens 《Learning disabilities research & practice》2004,19(3):166-173

Klinefelter Syndrome (KS) is a relatively common (1/500 to 1/1,000) genetic syndrome caused by an extra X chromosome in males, leading to an XXY karyotype. In most cases, the physical and neurobehavioral characteristics of KS are relatively mild, and KS is not usually associated with moderate or severe mental retardation. However, KS is often associated with significant language‐based learning disabilities and executive dysfunction, making it a plausible genetic model for understanding the neurobiology of these areas of cognition that are so fundamental to learning in a classroom. Additionally, the psychosocial aspects of KS, which can have a significant impact on school performance and learning, have been explored only on an anecdotal level. We have conducted pilot studies in a small group of KS adolescents and adults to begin to identify the social, emotional, and adaptive behavior issues facing KS subjects and have identified several areas for further research. This includes characterization of mild maladaptive behaviors, as well as significant strengths in other areas. Further work is needed to determine how the social‐emotional and cognitive features of the disorder interact or change over the lifetime of subjects and how the learning disabilities respond to hormonal or cognitive‐based therapy.  相似文献   

NCME 2007 Presidential Address: The Concordance Table: An Invitation to Misuse Test Scores     

Daniel R. Eignor 《Educational Measurement》2008,27(4):30-33

This article discusses a particular type of concordance table and the potential for test score misuse that may result from employing such a table. The concordance that is discussed is typically created between scores on different, nonequatable versions of a test that share the same or close to the same test title. These concordance tables often appear in the context of relating scores on computerized adaptive and paper‐and‐pencil versions of the same test. When such a table is presented in a complete point‐by‐point fashion, relating each reported score on the scale of the new version of the test to a reported score on the scale of the old version of the test, test score users will typically treat the table as if it represented an equating of scores between the two versions, and directly replace scores on the new version of the test by scores on the old version. This clearly represents a misuse of the test scores. Suggestions for avoiding this misuse of test scores from concordance tables are provided.  相似文献   

Starting with a clean slate: An analysis of member identification with a new sports team     

Daniel Lock  Simon Darcy  Tracy Taylor 《Sport Management Review》2009,12(1):15-25

Soccer in Australia underwent a series of changes following a Federal Government inquiry into its future. A report into the Structure, Governance and Management of Soccer in Australia (2003) recommended a process of structural change, aimed at repositioning and re-branding soccer as association football. The restructure yielded the replacement of the National Soccer League with the A-League, five new Australian teams and a concerted attempt to separate soccer from its ethnic ties in the antipodes. This paper examines member identification in relation to a specific A-League club’s members. Using the Sports Spectator Identity Scale (Wann & Branscombe, 1993) to measure sport fan identity in a new team context, a survey of club members of Sydney FC (n = 510), was undertaken. Survey findings indicated that members of Sydney FC reported relatively strong team identification in the first year of the new competition, with some nuanced differences based on age and income. The SSIS demonstrated a good level of fit in relation to a new sports team, although it is evident that rivalries and identification with a new team need time to develop fully.  相似文献   

Meaning of life as a protective factor of positive affect in acculturation: A resilience framework and a cross-cultural comparison     

Jia-Yan Pan  Daniel Fu Keung Wong  Cecilia Lai Wan Chan  Lynette Joubert 《Int J Intercult Relat》2008,32(6):505-514

Although research has demonstrated a strong linkage between meaning of life and positive emotion, few studies have examined this association in the context of acculturation. The purpose of this study was to investigate the predictive effects of meaning of life and acculturative stressor on positive affect in a sample of Chinese international students in Australia and Hong Kong, and to compare these effects between the two groups. Four hundred mainland Chinese postgraduate students at six universities in Hong Kong and 227 Chinese international students at the University of Melbourne in Australia completed a questionnaire that included measures of acculturative stressor, meaning of life, positive affect, and demographic information. The analyses revealed that (1) meaning of life had a strong positive contribution to predict positive affect in acculturation, and acculturative stress had a negative impact on positive affect within both samples; (2) social interaction had a significant negative predictive effect on positive affect in both samples, and academic work served as a significant negative predictor of positive affect in the Hong Kong sample; and (3) meaning of life was found to mediate the relationship between acculturative stress and positive affect in both samples. The theoretical and practical implications of the study are discussed.  相似文献   

Accelerated aging test for weighted silk     

WM.D. Appel  Daniel A. Jessup 《Journal of The Franklin Institute》1935,220(6):793-794

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What's Next for the Journal Mind,Brain, and Education          下载免费PDF全文

David B. Daniel 《Mind, Brain, and Education》2015,9(1):1-1

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